1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 乳化油脂肪酸组成Table 1 Fatty acids composition of emulsified oil % |
| 项目 Items | 含量(面积百分比) Content (area percentage) |
|---|---|
| C4∶0 | 3.56 |
| C8∶0 | 0.20 |
| C12∶0 | 1.95 |
| C14∶0 | 1.20 |
| C16∶0 | 16.99 |
| C16∶1 | 0.51 |
| C18∶0 | 3.98 |
| C18∶1 | 25.12 |
| C18∶2 | 36.79 |
| α-C18∶3 | 4.67 |
| C20∶1 | 0.33 |
| C20∶4 | 0.09 |
| C20∶5 | 0.57 |
| C22∶0 | 0.32 |
| C22∶1 | 0.23 |
| C24∶0 | 0.12 |
| C22∶6 | 0.98 |
| 不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸U/S | 3.15 |
| ω-6/ω-3 | 5.93 |
1.2 试验设计
1.3 饲养管理
表2 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 39.50 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 19.50 | ||
| 碎米Broken rice | 14.00 | ||
| 膨化大豆Expanded soybean | 6.49 | ||
| 膨化玉米Expanded corn | 10.00 | ||
| 发酵豆粕Fermented soybean meal | 2.09 | ||
| 鱼粉Fish meal | 1.78 | ||
| 乳清粉Whey powder | 1.16 | ||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.54 | ||
| 石粉Limestone | 0.57 | ||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.44 | ||
| 蛋氨酸Met (98%) | 0.06 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lys (98%) | 0.34 | ||
| 大豆油或乳化油Soybean oil or emulsified oil | 2.00 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.53 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 14.63 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 18.59 | ||
| 钙Ca | 0.72 | ||
| 总磷TP | 0.58 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 1.32 | ||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.40 | ||
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.22 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Premix provided the following per kg of the diet:视黄醇乙酸酯 retinol acetate 2.70 mg,胆钙化醇 cholecalciferol 0.063 mg,DL-α-生育酚醋酸酯 DL-α-tocopheryl acetate 20 mg,VK 3 mg,VB6 3 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 40 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 400 mg,酸化剂 acidifier 2 000 mg,抗氧化剂 antioxidants 500 mg,防腐剂 preservatives 500 mg,Zn (ZnSO4·7H2O) 170 mg,Mn (MnSO4·5H2O) 63 mg,Cu (CuSO4·5H2O) 21 mg。 2)消化能为计算值,其余均为实测值。DE was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.4 样品采集
1.5 测定指标与方法
1.5.1 饲粮营养成分
1.5.2 生长性能
1.5.3 血清生化指标
1.5.4 血细胞分类计数
1.6 统计分析
2 结 果
2.1 乳化油对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响
表3 乳化油对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of emulsified oil on growth performance of weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 乳化油组 Emulsified oil group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 第1~14天Days 1 to 14 | |||
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 252±11 | 270±15 | 0.377 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 480±21 | 521±23 | 0.230 |
| 料重比F/G | 1.90±0.01 | 1.94±0.04 | 0.400 |
| 第14~28天Days 14 to 28 | |||
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 530±18 | 520±32 | 0.810 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 950±42 | 944±58 | 0.935 |
| 料重比F/G | 1.79±0.02 | 1.81±0.01 | 0.450 |
| 第1~28天Days 1 to 28 | |||
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 391±12 | 395±23 | 0.874 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 715±26 | 733±41 | 0.724 |
| 料重比F/G | 1.83±0.02 | 1.86±0.02 | 0.264 |
2.2 乳化油对断奶仔猪血清生化指标的影响
表4 乳化油对断奶仔猪血清生化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of emulsified oil on serum biochemical indices of weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 乳化油组 Emulsified oil group | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 总胆红素TB/(mg/dL) | 0.93±0.18 | 0.76±0.11 | 0.442 | ||||
| 总蛋白TP/(g/dL) | 53.71±1.31 | 47.01±1.13 | 0.003 | ||||
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/dL) | 31.48±1.15 | 25.27±1.07 | 0.003 | ||||
| 谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) | 47.33±8.85 | 53.60±3.36 | 0.523 | ||||
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 36.50±2.46 | 39.00±2.19 | 0.465 | ||||
| 碱性磷酸酶ALP/(U/L) | 307.67±27.38 | 224.00±8.74 | 0.027 | ||||
| 总胆固醇TC/(mg/dL) | 2.34±0.09 | 2.25±0.07 | 0.450 | ||||
| 甘油三酯TG/(mg/dL) | 0.63±0.09 | 0.69±0.04 | 0.554 | ||||
| 葡萄糖GLU/(mg/dL) | 3.83±0.37 | 3.58±0.13 | 0.545 | ||||
| 钙Ca/(mg/dL) | 2.74±0.07 | 2.77±0.06 | 0.726 | ||||
| 磷P/(mg/dL) | 5.12±0.10 | 4.90±0.11 | 0.167 | ||||
| 肌酐CREA/(mg/dL) | 75.66±3.35 | 82.48±2.06 | 0.113 | ||||
| 高密度脂蛋白HDL/(mg/dL) | 0.94±0.06 | 0.94±0.04 | 0.938 | ||||
| 低密度脂蛋白LDL/(mg/dL) | 1.06±0.04 | 0.97±0.04 | 0.190 | ||||
| 尿酸UA/(mg/dL) | 4.06±0.34 | 2.49±0.31 | 0.006 | ||||
| 尿素氮UN/(mg/dL) | 3.55±0.32 | 4.68±0.44 | 0.064 | ||||
| 谷氨酰转肽酶GGT/(U/L) | 53.17±7.46 | 50.40±3.83 | 0.748 | ||||
| 直接胆红素DB/(mg/dL) | 0.72±0.21 | 0.42±0.07 | 0.199 | ||||
| 乳酸脱氢酶LDH/(U/L) | 823.40±62.48 | 876.54±17.27 | 0.431 |
2.3 乳化油对断奶仔猪血细胞分类计数的影响
表5 乳化油对断奶仔猪血细胞分类计数的影响Table 5 Effects of emulsified oil on blood cell differential counts of weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 乳化油组 Emulsified oil group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 白细胞White blood cell/(×109个/L) | 17.53±0.51 | 23.29±0.64 | <0.001 |
| 中性粒细胞Neutrophil/(×109个/L) | 5.09±0.53 | 8.02±0.53 | 0.003 |
| 淋巴细胞Lymphocyte/(×109个/L) | 10.94±0.55 | 14.37±0.76 | 0.004 |
| 单核细胞Monocyte/(×109个/L) | 1.02±0.14 | 1.34±0.04 | 0.063 |
| 嗜酸性粒细胞Eosinophilic granulocyte/(×109个/L) | 0.21±0.02 | 0.34±0.07 | 0.109 |
| 红细胞Red blood cell/(×1012个/L) | 5.79±0.10 | 5.42±0.13 | 0.051 |
| 血红蛋白浓度Hemoglobin concentration/(g/L) | 109.50±0.92 | 101.00±0.86 | <0.001 |
| 红细胞平均体积Mean corpuscular volume/fL | 55.25±1.04 | 53.47±0.87 | 0.217 |
| 平均红细胞血红蛋白Mean corpuscular hemoglobin/pg | 18.98±0.42 | 18.73±0.37 | 0.662 |
| 平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration/(g/L) | 343.00±2.02 | 350.17±1.78 | 0.024 |
| 血小板Platelets/(×109个/L) | 428.50±31.33 | 442.50±52.91 | 0.824 |
| 血小板平均体积Mean platelet volume/fL | 8.80±0.43 | 9.15±0.35 | 0.541 |
