Effects of Nisin Postbiotics on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibilities, Immune Function and Antioxidant Capacity of Minks during Growing Period

GONG Yu; WANG Xiaolong; HAN Xingzhuang; ZHANG Beibei; SUN Huzhi; REN Huiying; LI Wenli

doi:10.12418/CJAN2024.619

2024 , Vol. 36 >Issue 11: 7275 - 7283

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2024.619

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Nisin Postbiotics on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibilities, Immune Function and Antioxidant Capacity of Minks during Growing Period

GONG Yu ^,¹ ,
WANG Xiaolong ¹ ,
HAN Xingzhuang ¹ ,
ZHANG Beibei ¹ ,
SUN Huzhi ² ,
REN Huiying ² ,
LI Wenli ^,¹^,^*

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¹ College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
² Qingdao Noanbite Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266109, China

^* professor, E-mail: 199001011@qau.edu.cn

Received date: 2024-05-17

Online published: 2024-11-09

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary nisin postbiotics on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibilities, immune function and antioxidant capacity of minks during growing period. Ninety-six white male minks during growing period around 80 days of age with similar body weight were randomly divided into 6 groups with 8 replicates in each group and 2 minks in each replicate. Minks in 6 groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 0 (control group), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/kg nisin postbiotics, respectively. The pre-experimental period lasted for 1 week, and the experimental period lasted for 8 weeks, the 1 to 4 weeks were experimental period Ⅰ and the 5 to 8 weeks were experimental period Ⅱ. The results showed as follows: 1) during the whole experimental period, the average daily dry matter intake of 1.0 g/kg level group was significantly higher than that of control group and 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 g/kg level groups (P<0.05), and the average daily gain of 1.0 g/kg level group was significantly higher than that of control group and 2.5 g/kg level group (P<0.05). 2) During the experimental period Ⅰ, the ether extract apparent digestibility of 1.0 g/kg level group was significantly higher than that of control group and 2.5 g/kg level group (P<0.05), the crude ash and calcium apparent digestibilities of 1.0 g/kg level group were significantly higher than those of control group and 0.5, 2.5 g/kg level groups (P<0.05). During the experimental period Ⅱ, the ether extract apparent digestibility of 1.5 g/kg level group was significantly higher than that of control group and 2.5 g/kg level group (P<0.05). 3) The serum immunoglobulin M content of 1.0 g/kg level group was significantly higher than that of control group and 0.5 g/kg level group (P<0.05). 4) The serum glutathione peroxidase activity of 1.0 g/kg level group was significantly higher than that of control group and 0.5, 2.0, 2.5 g/kg level groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of 1.0 g/kg nisin postbiotics in the diet can improve the growth performance of minks, increased the dietary nutrient apparent digestibilities, and increase the serum immunoglobulin M content and glutathione peroxidase activity.

Key words： nisin; postbiotics; minks; growth performance; nutrient apparent digestibilities; immune; antioxidant

Cite this article

GONG Yu , WANG Xiaolong , HAN Xingzhuang , ZHANG Beibei , SUN Huzhi , REN Huiying , LI Wenli . Effects of Nisin Postbiotics on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibilities, Immune Function and Antioxidant Capacity of Minks during Growing Period[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2024 , 36(11) : 7275 -7283 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2024.619

水貂的育成期处于夏季高温时期,而水貂鲜配合饲料主要由鲜鱼和畜禽副产品组成,容易腐败变质,产生魏氏梭菌和肉毒梭菌等致病菌。魏氏梭菌也称产气荚膜梭菌,为革兰氏阳性菌^[1]。肉毒梭菌为革兰氏阳性菌,具有高度致死性。水貂食入致病菌后会引起一系列肠道问题,影响水貂生长发育,因此保护水貂肠道健康尤为重要。后生元是益生菌经加工处理后的益生菌代谢物成分统称,包括菌体和代谢产物。后生元中含有大量的细菌代谢产物,如维生素、脂质、蛋白质、多肽、有机酸、短链脂肪酸、细胞内多糖等,另外还有磷壁酸、肽聚糖、细胞表面蛋白、细胞外多糖等菌体成分,对提高动物生长性能、增强免疫功能等方面优于原活菌。后生元具有抗菌、抗氧化和免疫调节等多种功能^[2⇓⇓-5]。乳酸链球菌素是一种具有生物学活性的天然抗菌肽,是由乳酸链球菌或其他乳酸菌分泌的一种多肽物质^[6],对大多数革兰氏阳性菌、芽孢杆菌具有高效的抗菌活性^[7],且耐酸、耐热性能优良^[8]。1988年,乳酸链球菌素就被美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)认定为安全的添加剂,是目前唯一用做食品添加剂的细菌素。目前,乳酸链球菌素在畜牧生产上的研究已经较为广泛,在饲粮中添加乳酸链球菌素能有效促进1~14日龄罗斯308肉鸡的生长发育,并显著降低其料重比(feed/gain,F/G)^[9]。乳酸链球菌素可提高腹泻小鼠盲肠菌群多样性^[10];乳酸链球菌素可抑制高脂牛奶布丁中腐败产孢细菌、芽孢杆菌和类芽孢杆菌生长,延长高脂牛奶布丁的保质期^[11]。然而乳酸链球菌素在水貂方面的应用还较为少见。因此,本试验旨在研究乳酸链球菌素后生元对育成期水貂生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响,为乳酸链球菌素在水貂生产上的应用提供参考。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

试验用乳酸链球菌素后生元为乳酸乳球菌发酵液制备的后生元中试产品,粉末状,主要成分为乳酸链球菌素,还有少量的乳酸、灭活乳酸菌及多肽等,其中乳酸链球菌素含量为2 000 IU/g。

1.2 试验设计和饲养管理

动物试验由青岛农业大学动物科技学院实验动物管理及伦理委员会审批批准,批准编号为DKY20230525。

试验用水貂为雄性红眼白水貂,来自于山东海阳水貂养殖示范基地。选取80日龄左右体重相近的育成期水貂96只,随机分为6组,每组8个重复,每个重复2只。各组分别在基础饲粮中添加0(对照)、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0和2.5 g/kg的乳酸链球菌素后生元。基础饲粮组成及营养水平见表1。试验于2023年7月开始,养殖饲养在山东海阳水貂养殖示范基地进行,预试期1周,正试期8周,1~4周为试验Ⅰ期,5~8周为试验Ⅱ期。按照常规程序对水貂进行疫苗接种和饲养管理,每天06:00和14:00各饲喂1次,自由采食和饮水。

表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet(air-dry basis)

项目 Items	Ⅰ期 Period Ⅰ	Ⅱ期 Period Ⅱ
原料Ingredients
海杂鱼Sea fishes	32	32
毛蛋Unhatched fertilized egg	32	32
鸡头Chicken head	20	20
膨化玉米Extruded corn	10	10
猪油Lard	1	2
豆粕Soybean meal	2	2
预混料Premix¹⁾	3	2
合计Total	100	100
营养水平Nutrient levels²⁾
代谢能ME/(MJ/kg)	15.24	16.81
粗脂肪EE	15.66	19.60
粗蛋白质CP	34.11	34.46
钙Ca	4.21	3.79
磷P	1.28	1.33

1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 9 000 IU,VC 40 mg,VE 20 mg,VK₃ 0.5 mg,VB₁ 5 mg,VB₂ 3 mg,VB₆ 2.5 mg,VB₁₂ 1 mg,VD₃ 2 000 IU,烟酸 nicotinic acid 20 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 6 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.5 mg,生物素 biotin 0.5 mg,Fe 30 mg,Zn 25 mg,Mn 10 mg,Cu 5 mg,I 0.25 mg,Se 0.2 mg。

2)代谢能为计算值,其余为实测值。代谢能根据《水貂配合饲料》(LS/T 3403—1992)给出的公式的计算:代谢能=(0.85×粗蛋白质×4.5+0.90×粗脂肪×9.5+0.75×无氮浸出物×4.0)×4.184;无氮浸出物=100-粗蛋白质-粗脂肪-粗灰分。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. ME was calculated using the formular recommended by Compound Feed of Mink (LS/T 3403—1992): ME=(0.85×CP×4.5+0.90×EE×9.5+0.75×NFE×4.0)×4.184; NFE=100-CP-EE-Ash.

1.3 测定指标及方法

1.3.1 生长性能

试验Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期开始和结束时,以重复单位对水貂空腹称重,计算平均日增重(average daily gain,ADG)。试验期间用电子称称取给料量,用铲子将剩料铲净回收,称重,取样冷冻保存,测定干物质含量,计算平均干物质日采食量(average daily dry matter intake,ADDMI)。根据ADDMI和ADG计算F/G。

1.3.2 营养物质表观消化率

试验Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期的最后3 d,各组随机抽取6只水貂进行消化试验。采用全收粪法连续收集3 d粪便样本,用10%硫酸溶液固氮处理,同时记录每组水貂的采食量。将采集的饲粮和粪便样本放置于65~75 ℃烘箱中烘至恒重后,粉碎过筛保存。粗灰分含量采用GB/T 6438—2007的方法测定,粗蛋白质含量采用凯氏定氮法(GB/T 6432—2018)测定,粗脂肪含量采用乙醚抽提法(GB/T 6433—2006)测定,钙含量采用高锰酸钾滴定法(GB/T 6436—2018)测定,磷含量采用钼黄比色法(GB/T 6437—2018)测定。营养物质表观消化率计算公如下:

营养物质表观消化率(%)=100×(该营养物质摄入量-粪中该营养物质含量)/该营养物质摄入量。

1.3.3 血清免疫和抗氧化指标

饲养试验结束后,各组随机选取6只水貂,采集10 mL心脏血,置于促凝管中,在4 ℃和128×g下离心10 min,取上清液于-80 ℃保存,测定血清免疫和抗氧化指标。血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量均采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定。采用羟胺法测定总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性,采用比色法测定谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),采用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量。试验用试剂盒均购自南京建成生物工程研究所。

1.4 数据处理

试验数据采用SPSS 25.0软件进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),并采用Duncan氏法进行多重比较。试验数据以“平均值±标准差”表示。P<0.05为差异显著,P>0.05为差异不显著。

2 结果

2.1 乳酸链球菌素后生元对育成期水貂生长性能的影响

由表2可见,乳酸链球菌素后生元对试验Ⅰ期的ADDMI、试验Ⅱ期的ADG和F/G和全期的ADDMI和ADG有显著影响(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ期,1.0 g/kg水平组的ADDMI显著高于对照组和2.0、2.5 g/kg水平组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ期,1.0 g/kg水平组的ADG显著高于对照组和2.5 g/kg水平组,1.0 g/kg水平组的F/G显著低于对照组和2.5 g/kg水平组(P<0.05)。试验全期,1.0 g/kg水平组的ADDMI显著高于对照组和1.5、2.0、2.5 g/kg水平组(P<0.05),1.0 g/kg水平组的ADG显著高于对照组和2.5 g/kg水平组(P<0.05)。

表2 乳酸链球菌素后生元对育成期水貂生长性能的影响

Table 2 Effects of nisin postbiotics on growth performance of minks during growing period

项目 Items	乳酸链球菌素后生元添加水平Nisin postbiotics supplemental levels/(g/kg)						P值 P-value
项目 Items	0(对照Control)	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	P值 P-value
Ⅰ期Period Ⅰ
平均干物质日采食量ADDMI/(g/d)	82.45±1.58^b	86.25±1.82^ab	91.06±1.08^a	85.18±1.41^ab	83.01±3.69^b	82.79±1.80^b	0.046
平均日增重ADG/(g/d)	16.40±0.67	17.79±1.47	19.19±1.35	19.10±1.20	17.22±1.39	16.70±1.40	0.508
料重比F/G	5.10±0.26	5.08±0.42	4.97±0.47	4.59±0.30	5.05±0.49	5.17±0.40	0.929
Ⅱ期Period Ⅱ
平均干物质日采食量ADDMI/(g/d)	94.34±2.18	100.66±3.56	107.08±2.27	99.45±3.11	98.10±3.94	96.47±1.29	0.059
平均日增重ADG/(g/d)	11.58±1.11^c	15.32±1.04^abc	17.87±1.12^a	16.10±1.66^ab	14.71±0.53^abc	12.90±1.57^bc	0.012
料重比F/G	8.76±0.93^a	6.77±0.50^abc	6.11±0.29^c	6.51±0.50^bc	6.75±0.41^abc	8.40±1.11^ab	0.046
全期Whole period
平均干物质日采食量ADDMI/(g/d)	90.01±1.58^b	95.14±2.38^ab	100.85±1.43^a	93.98±2.24^b	92.18±3.62^b	91.25±1.37^b	0.022
平均日增重ADG/(g/d)	14.43±0.44^c	16.56±0.77^abc	17.78±0.40^a	17.60±0.68^ab	15.97±0.74^abc	15.42±1.04^bc	0.013
料重比F/G	6.28±0.21	5.83±0.30	5.70±0.20	5.39±0.20	5.87±0.39	6.10±0.41	0.376

	同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。
	In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below.

2.2 乳酸链球菌素后生元对育成期水貂营养物质表观消化率的影响

由表3可见,乳酸链球菌素后生元对试验Ⅰ期的粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙表观消化率和试验Ⅱ期的粗脂肪表观消化率有显著影响(P<0.05),对其他营养物质表观消化率的影响不显著(P>0.05)。试验Ⅰ期,1.0 g/kg水平组的粗脂肪表观消化率显著高于对照组和2.5 g/kg水平组(P<0.05),1.0 g/kg水平组的粗灰分和钙表观消化率显著高于对照组和0.5、2.5 g/kg水平组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ期,1.5 g/kg水平组的粗脂肪表观消化率显著高于对照组和2.5 g/kg水平组(P<0.05)。

表3 乳酸链球菌素后生元对育成期水貂营养物质表观消化率的影响

Table 3 Effects of nisin postbiotics on nutrient apparent digestibilities of minks during growing period %

项目 Items	乳酸链球菌素后生元添加水平Nisin postbiotics supplemental levels/(g/kg)						P值 P-value
项目 Items	0(对照Control)	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	P值 P-value
Ⅰ期Period Ⅰ
干物质DM	65.73±4.54	75.84±1.19	78.67±4.48	78.19±5.30	77.44±3.42	71.94±2.87	0.174
粗脂肪EE	96.12±0.51^c	97.32±0.23^ab	98.10±0.32^a	97.21±0.25^ab	97.14±0.24^ab	96.95±0.19^bc	0.005
粗蛋白质CP	79.41±0.88	81.41±0.74	83.48±0.95	81.98±1.11	81.68±0.90	80.35±0.97	0.073
粗灰分Ash	20.02±3.70^c	25.22±1.08^bc	35.79±1.96^a	30.46±3.74^ab	28.36±1.94^abc	24.15±4.44^bc	0.019
磷P	32.81±4.79	41.73±3.28	48.12±4.97	44.72±3.16	42.35±5.34	39.16±3.71	0.227
钙Ca	24.96±2.62^c	29.59±3.98^bc	42.66±2.94^a	39.23±2.45^ab	35.29±2.85^abc	29.93±4.60^bc	0.007
Ⅱ期Period Ⅱ
干物质DM	65.14±4.56	73.08±2.54	77.74±2.29	74.41±3.82	74.47±4.51	73.19±2.53	0.240
粗脂肪EE	97.72±0.14^c	97.96±0.10^abc	98.21±0.09^ab	98.29±0.12^a	97.98±0.15^abc	97.84±0.11^bc	0.018
粗蛋白质CP	80.39±0.56	83.40±1.14	84.10±1.42	83.32±0.55	82.18±1.02	81.04±0.54	0.058
粗灰分Ash	19.09±4.31	23.53±4.23	34.42±4.53	31.37±2.97	27.92±5.24	27.42±3.19	0.158
磷P	40.70±4.81	44.87±3.75	49.52±4.47	47.04±4.57	46.09±2.97	42.46±5.21	0.749
钙Ca	25.43±5.58	34.93±4.53	44.18±4.02	37.50±4.65	34.19±4.43	30.61±3.24	0.106

2.3 乳酸链球菌素后生元对育成期水貂血清免疫指标的影响

由表4可见,乳酸链球菌素后生元对血清IgM含量有显著影响(P<0.05),对其他血清免疫指标的影响不显著(P>0.05)。1.0 g/kg水平组的血清IgM含量显著高于对照组和0.5 g/kg水平组(P<0.05)。

表4 乳酸链球菌素后生元对育成期水貂血清免疫指标的影响

Table 4 Effects of nisin postbiotics on serum immune indices of minks during growing period μg/mL

项目 Items	乳酸链球菌素后生元添加水平Nisin postbiotics supplemental levels/(g/kg)						P值 P-value
项目 Items	0(对照Control)	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	P值 P-value
免疫球蛋白A IgA	48.80±0.67	51.60±1.58	52.67±2.32	53.12±2.61	51.26±1.44	49.00±0.91	0.381
免疫球蛋白G IgG	6.99±0.22	7.44±0.17	7.63±0.14	7.60±0.41	7.41±0.17	7.01±0.21	0.250
免疫球蛋白M IgM	358.07±10.66^c	375.66±6.83^bc	406.97±13.32^a	397.57±5.92^ab	390.34±10.63^ab	383.84±4.26^abc	0.013

2.4 乳酸链球菌素后生元对育成期水貂血清抗氧化指标的影响

由表5可见,乳酸链球菌素后生元对血清GSH-Px活性有显著影响(P<0.05),对其他血清抗氧化指标的影响不显著(P>0.05)。1.0 g/kg水平组的血清GSH-Px活性显著高于对照组和0.5、2.0、2.5 g/kg水平组(P<0.05)。

表5 乳酸链球菌素后生元对育成期水貂血抗氧化指标的影响

Table 5 Effects of nisin postbiotics on serum antioxidant indices of minks during growing period

项目 Items	乳酸链球菌素后生元添加水平Nisin postbiotics supplemental levels/(g/kg)						P值 P-value
项目 Items	0(对照Control)	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	P值 P-value
总超氧化物歧化酶T-SOD/(U/mL)	177.69±0.86	179.07±1.07	183.56±2.43	180.97±2.88	179.43±1.40	179.24±1.40	0.315
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/mL)	1 175.51±25.02^b	1 191.24±23.13^b	1 267.58±24.51^a	1 223.08±10.90^ab	1 198.10±14.86^b	1 188.68±10.93^b	0.025
丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL)	10.52±1.65	7.40±0.74	6.33±0.53	6.93±0.51	7.45±0.58	9.75±1.61	0.053
总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mL)	7.02±1.46	8.45±1.79	11.05±1.73	9.73±1.21	8.96±0.70	7.48±0.96	0.345

3 讨论

3.1 乳酸链球菌素后生元对育成期水貂生长性能的影响

乳酸链球菌素是乳酸链球菌素后生元产品中的主要成分,是一种广泛应用于食品及工业中的抗菌肽,对革兰氏阳性菌有显著抑制性,具有很好的抗菌活性,且易于降解,无毒副作用^[12]。李方方等^[13]研究表明,饲粮中添加抗菌肽能显著提升断奶仔猪平均日采食量(ADFI)和ADG,同时降低F/G。Wu等^[14]研究发现,饲粮中添加抗菌肽显著增加断奶仔猪的ADG。张欣鑫等^[15]研究表明,饲粮中添加0.075%乳酸链球菌素显著提高肉鸡的ADG,降低F/G。

本试验结果表明,饲粮中添加适宜水平的乳酸链球菌素后生元可以提高育成期水貂的ADDMI和ADG,降低F/G,试验Ⅰ期的ADDMI以1.0 g/kg水平组最高,试验Ⅱ期的ADG也以1.0 g/kg水平组最高,F/G以1.0 g/kg水平组最低。产生此结果的原因之一可能是,乳酸链球菌素后生元中的乳酸链球菌素和其他活性成分可有效改善水貂肠道菌群平衡,促进体内物质代谢,提高生长性能^[16]。Kierończyk等^[9]研究认为,乳酸链球菌素可以减少肠道重量,缩短肠道长度,增加肠道对营养物质的消化吸收,从而改善禽类的生长。在饲粮中添加乳酸链球菌素使肠道有机酸浓度升高,提高消化酶活性,改善肠道微生物区系^[17],从而提高水貂的采食量。

3.2 乳酸链球菌素后生元对育成期水貂营养物质表观消化率的影响

研究表明,饲粮中添加乳酸链球菌素可减少胃肠道中病原体的发生,降低细菌与宿主之间营养物质的竞争,提高能量利用率^[18]。张欣鑫等^[15]研究发现,饲粮中添加0.075%乳酸链球菌素可显著提高肉鸡的粗蛋白质、磷、干物质及能量表观消化率。本试验结果表明,饲粮中添加乳酸链球菌素后生元后,育成期水貂粗脂肪、粗灰分和钙表观消化率提高,以添加水平为1.0 g/kg时最佳。推测乳酸链球菌素后生元中乳酸链球菌素及其他成分可能是通过抑制肠道内有害菌群的增殖和改善肠道微生态平衡,提高营养物质表观消化率。

3.3 乳酸链球菌素后生元对育成期水貂血清免疫指标的影响

在动物体液免疫反应中,免疫球蛋白作为核心免疫分子,对维持机体免疫系统的正常功能发挥重要作用^[19]。本试验结果表明,饲粮中添加1.0 g/kg乳酸链球菌素后生元可显著提高血清IgM含量。羊秀美等^[20]试验表明,饲粮中添加0.11%乳酸链球菌素显著提高了肉鸡的血清IgM含量,这与本试验结果相符。Shan等^[21]研究结果表明,抗菌肽可有效增加断奶仔猪血清IgA、IgG和IgM含量。Hurtado等^[22]试验表明,抗菌肽增强B细胞活化,增加IgM的产生。在体液免疫初始阶段,B细胞优先分泌IgM,该免疫分子能迅速识别并结合体内外抗原,清除病原体^[23]。抗菌肽作为动物体内免疫反应的核心成分,能强化免疫细胞的活性,并通过提升免疫球蛋白的合成量,对动物机体的防御机制产生显著的增强效应,从而有力地巩固了机体的免疫屏障^[24]。因此,乳酸链球菌素可能通过增强B细胞的活性,提高血清IgM含量,进而增强机体免疫功能。

3.4 乳酸链球菌素后生元对育成期水貂血清抗氧化指标的影响

血清GSH-Px、T-SOD、T-AOC和MDA等指标可反映机体抗氧化能力的高低。抗氧化酶活性降低,活性氧自由基增多,易导致氧化损伤,诱发疾病^[25]。本试验研究结果表明,饲粮中添加1.0 g/kg乳酸链球菌素后生元可显著提高血清GSH-Px活性。Wang等^[26]研究结果表明,饲粮中添加抗菌肽可提高肉鸡血清GSH-Px活性。羊秀美等^[20]研究发现,饲粮中添加0.11%乳酸链球菌素时,肉鸡血清GSH-Px含量最高,与本试验结果相似。GSH-Px具有清除自由基的能力,能用它的还原性巯基来清除体内的自由基和一些有害物质^[27]。体外研究发现,0.1~5.0 mg/mL乳酸链球菌素能够有效清除氧自由基,且其作用效果随乳酸链球菌素添加水平增强^[28]。这说明饲粮中添加乳酸链球菌素后生元能够显著增强机体清除自由基能力,进而提升整体抗氧化能力,维持动物机体的健康状态。

4 结论

饲粮中添加乳酸链球菌素后生元能改善水貂的生长性能,提高饲粮中营养物质表观消化率及血清IgM含量和GSH-Px活性。本试验条件下,育成期水貂饲粮中乳酸链球菌素后生元适宜添加水平为1.0 g/kg。

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