1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | |
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 56.89 | 56.89 | 56.89 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 19.72 | 19.72 | 19.72 |
| 整粒亚麻籽Whole flaxseed | 12.00 | ||
| 破碎亚麻籽Broken flaxseed | 12.00 | ||
| 膨化亚麻籽Extruded flaxseed | 12.00 | ||
| 细石粉Fine limestone | 3.20 | 3.20 | 3.20 |
| 粗石粉Coarse limestone | 3.70 | 3.70 | 3.70 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.49 | 1.49 | 1.49 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.18 | 11.18 | 11.18 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 15.42 | 15.16 | 15.60 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 8.10 | 8.00 | 7.90 |
| 钙Ca | 3.24 | 3.43 | 3.34 |
| 总磷TP | 0.60 | 0.65 | 0.63 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 17 400 IU,VK 2 mg,VB1 0.4 mg,VB2 2 mg,VB6 0.4 mg,VB7 2 mg,VD3 2 500 IU,VE 8.7 IU,叶酸 folic acid 0.4 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 8.7 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 4 mg,乙氧基喹啉 ethoxyquin 0.4 mg,Mn 70 mg,Zn 50 mg,Fe 25 mg,Cu 5 mg,I 0.5 mg。 2)代谢能为计算值[11],其他营养水平为实测值。ME was a calculated value[11], while the other nutrient levels were measured values. |
表2 试验饲粮脂肪酸组成Table 2 Fatty acid composition of experimental diets % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | |
| 饱和脂肪酸SFA | |||
| C14∶0 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| C16∶0 | 7.06 | 7.06 | 7.49 |
| C17∶0 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| C18∶0 | 2.69 | 2.76 | 2.80 |
| C20∶0 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.22 |
| C22∶0 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
| C24∶0 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 |
| 单不饱和脂肪酸MUFA | |||
| C16∶1 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 |
| C18∶ 1 | 17.2 | 17.3 | 19.3 |
| C18∶1t | ND | ND | ND |
| C20∶1 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 |
| ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸ω-6 PUFA | |||
| C18∶2 | 29.1 | 29.2 | 30.2 |
| C18∶3 | ND | ND | ND |
| C22∶2 | ND | ND | ND |
| C20∶3 | ND | ND | ND |
| C20∶0 | ND | ND | ND |
| ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸ω-3 PUFA | |||
| C18∶3 | 43.2 | 43.0 | 39.4 |
| C20∶3 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
| C20∶5 | ND | ND | ND |
| C22∶6 | ND | ND | ND |
ND:未检测到 not detected。 |
1.2 饲养管理
1.3 检测指标与方法
1.3.1 饲粮营养成分
1.3.2 生产性能
1.3.3 蛋品质
1.3.4 鸡蛋营养成分和脂肪酸含量
1.4 统计分析
2 结果
2.1 亚麻籽加工方式对蛋鸡生产性能的影响
表3 亚麻籽加工方式对蛋鸡生产性能的影响Table 3 Effects of flaxseed processing method on performance of laying hens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | |||
| 产蛋率Laying rate/% | 34.81 | 36.34 | 36.08 | 0.943 | 0.365 |
| 平均日采食量Average daily feed intake/(g/d) | 70.27 | 70.78 | 70.36 | 0.621 | 0.984 |
| 平均蛋重Average egg weight/g | 53.22 | 55.12 | 53.90 | 1.595 | 0.912 |
| 料蛋比Feed/egg | 3.67 | 3.54 | 3.55 | 0.187 | 0.678 |
| 软破蛋率Soft broken egg rate/% | 1.39a | 1.46a | 0.76b | 0.218 | 0.048 |
| 死淘率Mortality rate/% | 2.96 | 2.22 | 2.70 | 0.265 | 0.645 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 亚麻籽加工方式对蛋鸡蛋品质的影响
表4 亚麻籽加工方式对蛋鸡蛋品质的影响Table 4 Effects of flaxseed processing method on egg quality of laying hens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | |||
| 蛋形指数Egg shape index | 1.33 | 1.37 | 1.32 | 0.025 | 0.754 |
| 蛋壳厚度Eggshell thickness/mm | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.004 | 0.579 |
| 蛋壳强度Eggshell strength/(kg/cm2) | 2.72 | 2.53 | 2.59 | 0.209 | 0.945 |
| 蛋白高度Albumen height/mm | 3.10 | 3.13 | 4.32 | 0.303 | 0.179 |
| 哈氏单位Haugh unit | 54.20 | 54.00 | 60.11 | 1.530 | 0.185 |
| 蛋壳重Eggshell weight/g | 6.45 | 6.23 | 6.90 | 0.138 | 0.116 |
| 蛋黄重Yolk weight/g | 16.94 | 16.22 | 16.75 | 0.207 | 0.388 |
| 蛋黄色泽Yolk color | 8.33 | 9.00 | 7.67 | 0.486 | 0.599 |
| 蛋黄指数Yolk index | 0.43a | 0.37b | 0.44a | 0.012 | 0.010 |
| 蛋黄pH Yolk pH | 6.65 | 6.58 | 6.67 | 0.031 | 0.510 |
2.3 亚麻籽加工方式对鸡蛋主要营养成分含量的影响
表5 亚麻籽加工方式对鸡蛋主要营养成分含量的影响Table 5 Effects of flaxseed processing method on main nutrient contents of eggs |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | |||
| 水分Moisture/% | 74.53 | 74.23 | 74.23 | 0.096 | 0.385 |
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein/% | 11.77 | 11.80 | 11.97 | 0.071 | 0.531 |
| 粗脂肪Ether extract/% | 12.33 | 12.33 | 12.00 | 0.147 | 0.630 |
| 胆固醇Cholesterol/(g/kg) | 3.85 | 3.86 | 3.81 | 0.050 | 0.937 |
2.4 亚麻籽加工方式对鸡蛋脂肪酸含量的影响
表6 亚麻籽加工方式对鸡蛋脂肪酸含量的影响Table 6 Effects of flaxseed processing method on fatty acid contents of eggs mg/g |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | |||
| 饱和脂肪酸SFA | 37.21 | 37.26 | 34.55 | 0.634 | 0.326 |
| 单不饱和脂肪酸MUFA | 53.15 | 51.20 | 48.88 | 1.140 | 0.153 |
| α-亚麻酸α-ALA | 6.07b | 7.31b | 10.00a | 0.666 | 0.014 |
| 二十碳五烯酸EPA | 0.13b | 0.15ab | 0.20a | 0.012 | 0.041 |
| 二十二碳六烯酸DHA | 2.66 | 2.78 | 2.53 | 0.051 | 0.131 |
| ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸ω-3 PUFA | 8.97b | 10.38a | 12.90a | 0.682 | 0.024 |
| ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸ω-6 PUFA | 23.82 | 24.36 | 23.45 | 0.537 | 0.830 |
| ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸/ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸 ω-3 PUFA/ω-6 PUFA | 0.38b | 0.43b | 0.55a | 0.028 | 0.002 |
