1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
1.2 试验饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米Corn | 56.20 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 23.40 |
| 麸皮Bran | 4.00 |
| 菊花梗粉Chrysanthemum stalks powder | 4.80 |
| 豆油Soybean oil | 3.00 |
| 石粉Limestone | 6.00 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.50 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.40 |
| 微量元素预混料Trace element premix1) | 0.50 |
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix1) | 0.10 |
| 蛋氨酸Methionine | 0.10 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.43 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.41 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 7.00 |
| 粗纤维CF | 4.54 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 9.54 |
| 钙Ca | 2.86 |
| 磷P | 0.58 |
1)微量元素预混料和维生素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Trace element premix and vitamin premix provided the following per kg of the diet:Mn 30 mg,Zn 65 mg,I 0.3 mg,Fe 80 mg,Se 0.5 mg,Cu 4 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.5 mg,VD3 2 000 IU,生物素 biotin 0.2 mg,VK3 0.8 mg,VA 9 000 IU,VE 40 mg,VB1 2.0 mg,烟酰胺 nicotinic acid 30 mg,VB2 4.0 mg,VB4 740 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 11 mg,VB6 4.0 mg。 2)粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、钙和磷为实测值,代谢能为计算值[10-11]。CP, EE, CF, Ash, Ca and P were measured values, while ME was a calculated value[10-11]. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标与方法
1.4.1 繁殖性能
1.4.2 血清生殖激素和免疫球蛋白含量
1.4.3 养分表观利用率
1.4.4 肠道组织形态测定
1.5 统计分析
2 结果
2.1 维生素B12对产蛋期种鹅繁殖性能的影响
表2 维生素B12对产蛋期种鹅繁殖性能的影响Table 2 Effects of VB12 on reproductive performance of breeding geese during laying period % |
| 项目 Items | 维生素B12添加水平VB12 supplemental levels/(μg/kg) | SEM | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 12.5 | 25.0 | 37.5 | 50.0 | 62.5 | |||
| 合格率Qualified rate | 94.66 | 95.35 | 96.12 | 96.85 | 95.68 | 96.02 | 0.33 | 0.536 |
| 受精率Fertilization rate | 90.00 | 90.00 | 97.50 | 95.00 | 92.50 | 95.00 | 1.43 | 0.634 |
| 孵化率Hatchability rate | 83.54b | 91.60ab | 97.50a | 97.22a | 94.44a | 95.00a | 1.42 | 0.025 |
| 健雏率Healthy rate | 93.30 | 93.65 | 97.22 | 96.88 | 95.00 | 96.88 | 1.37 | 0.947 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 维生素B12对产蛋期种鹅血清生殖激素含量的影响
表3 维生素B12对产蛋期种鹅血清生殖激素含量的影响Table 3 Effects of VB12 on serum reproductive hormone contents of breeding geese during laying period |
| 项目 Items | 维生素B12添加水平VB12 supplemental levels/(μg/kg) | SEM | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 12.5 | 25.0 | 37.5 | 50.0 | 62.5 | |||
| 雌二醇E2/(pg/mL) | 308.31 | 319.89 | 342.07 | 335.56 | 324.13 | 324.26 | 5.01 | 0.491 |
| 促黄体素LH/(mIU/mL) | 10.79 | 11.11 | 12.25 | 13.33 | 11.67 | 11.89 | 0.40 | 0.561 |
| 促卵泡素FSH/(mIU/mL) | 5.32c | 5.49bc | 6.45a | 6.08abc | 5.73abc | 6.34ab | 0.13 | 0.045 |
| 催乳素PRL/(mIU/L) | 659.49a | 664.35a | 586.50ab | 524.89b | 579.17ab | 579.60ab | 15.06 | 0.048 |
| 孕酮P4/(ng/mL) | 7.33 | 7.34 | 7.72 | 7.71 | 7.35 | 7.36 | 0.11 | 0.836 |
2.3 维生素B12对产蛋期种鹅血清免疫球蛋白含量的影响
表4 维生素B12对产蛋期种鹅血清免疫球蛋白含量的影响Table 4 Effects of VB12 on serum immunoglobulin contents of breeding geese during laying period μg/mL |
| 项目 Items | 维生素B12添加水平VB12 supplemental levels/(μg/kg) | SEM | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 12.5 | 25.0 | 37.5 | 50.0 | 62.5 | |||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA | 220.46 | 253.68 | 261.60 | 230.67 | 258.64 | 242.31 | 6.60 | 0.422 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG | 446.35b | 545.26ab | 635.60a | 614.65a | 621.74a | 584.74a | 19.41 | 0.027 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM | 1 750.24 | 1 834.92 | 1 952.55 | 1 924.64 | 1 865.38 | 1 887.36 | 53.96 | 0.936 |
2.4 维生素B12对产蛋期种鹅养分表观利用率的影响
表5 维生素B12对产蛋期种鹅养分表观利用率的影响Table 5 Effects of VB12 on nutrient apparent utilization rates of breeding geese during laying period % |
| 项目 Items | 维生素B12添加水平VB12 supplemental levels/(μg/kg) | SEM | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 12.5 | 25.0 | 37.5 | 50.0 | 62.5 | |||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 62.67 | 63.33 | 65.66 | 64.26 | 65.13 | 63.92 | 3.27 | 0.660 |
| 粗纤维CF | 23.22 | 25.36 | 24.73 | 25.81 | 24.90 | 26.30 | 2.54 | 0.392 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 66.51b | 69.20ab | 71.35a | 72.71a | 69.73ab | 70.13ab | 3.48 | 0.039 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 26.32 | 28.79 | 27.62 | 28.73 | 27.19 | 27.95 | 2.80 | 0.666 |
| 钙Ca | 32.10 | 33.47 | 35.34 | 34.70 | 34.06 | 34.90 | 2.93 | 0.454 |
| 磷P | 35.25 | 37.28 | 36.22 | 37.45 | 36.55 | 36.62 | 2.65 | 0.776 |
2.5 维生素B12对产蛋期种鹅肠道形态结构的影响
表6 维生素B12对产蛋期种鹅肠道形态结构的影响Table 6 Effects of VB12 on intestinal morphology of breeding geese during laying period |
| 项目 Items | 维生素B12添加水平VB12 supplemental levels/(μg/kg) | SEM | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 12.5 | 25.0 | 37.5 | 50.0 | 62.5 | |||
| 十二指肠Duodenum | ||||||||
| 绒毛高度VH/μm | 731.01b | 766.91ab | 866.66a | 867.67a | 795.58ab | 811.88ab | 15.30 | 0.037 |
| 隐窝深度CD/μm | 276.15 | 254.50 | 251.25 | 264.32 | 244.48 | 253.70 | 4.95 | 0.551 |
| 绒毛高度/隐窝深度VH/CD | 2.65b | 3.03ab | 3.46a | 3.34a | 3.26a | 3.21a | 0.08 | 0.035 |
| 空肠Jejunum | ||||||||
| 绒毛高度VH/μm | 722.59b | 804.05ab | 878.48a | 853.63a | 851.43a | 854.88a | 15.70 | 0.029 |
| 隐窝深度CD/μm | 285.90 | 276.98 | 251.64 | 248.96 | 261.61 | 259.15 | 5.81 | 0.416 |
| 绒毛高度/隐窝深度VH/CD | 2.54b | 2.90ab | 3.50a | 3.45a | 3.26a | 3.42a | 0.11 | 0.042 |
| 回肠Ileum | ||||||||
| 绒毛高度VH/μm | 942.51 | 855.49 | 935.33 | 882.70 | 1 028.69 | 962.06 | 28.91 | 0.635 |
| 隐窝深度CD/μm | 301.29 | 233.81 | 279.53 | 246.94 | 277.67 | 274.91 | 10.31 | 0.490 |
| 绒毛高度/隐窝深度VH/CD | 3.20 | 3.75 | 3.41 | 3.56 | 3.69 | 3.50 | 0.08 | 0.477 |
2.6 产蛋期种鹅饲粮中VB12适宜添加水平
表7 产蛋期种鹅饲粮中维生素B12适宜添加水平Table 7 Dietary appropriate supplemental levels of VB12 of breeding geese during laying period |
| 项目 Items | 回归方程 Regression equation | 决定系数 R2 | 维生素B12适宜添加水平 Appropriate supplemental levels of VB12/(μg/kg) | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 孵化率 Hatchability rate/% | Y=-0.008X2+0.666X+84.236 | 0.854 | 41.63 | 0.026 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(μg/mL) | Y=-0.116X2+9.291X+450.135 | 0.922 | 40.05 | 0.010 |
| 粗脂肪表观利用率 EE apparent utilization rate/% | Y=-0.004X2+0.276X+66.532 | 0.731 | 34.50 | 0.065 |
| 十二指肠绒毛高度 Duodenum VH/μm | Y=-0.090X2+6.733X+724.773 | 0.551 | 37.41 | 0.140 |
| 十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度 Duodenum VH/CD | Y=-0.000 5X2+0.038X+2.668 | 0.836 | 38.00 | 0.031 |
| 空肠绒毛高度 Jejunum VH/μm | Y=-0.080X2+6.755X+730.423 | 0.823 | 42.22 | 0.035 |
| 空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度 Jejunum VH/CD | Y=-0.000 5X2+0.042X+2.543 | 0.771 | 42.00 | 0.051 |
