1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计及饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米Corn | 45.60 |
| 膨化大豆Extruded soybean | 12.00 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 12.00 |
| 鱼粉Fish meal | 6.00 |
| 乳清粉Whey powder | 16.00 |
| 蔗糖Sucrose | 2.00 |
| 柠檬酸Citric acid | 2.00 |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 2.00 |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.40 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.45 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 |
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride (50%) | 0.08 |
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-lysine·HCl | 0.27 |
| L-苏氨酸L-threonine | 0.12 |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-methionine | 0.14 |
| L-色氨酸L-tryptophan | 0.05 |
| L-缬氨酸L-valine | 0.04 |
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix1) | 0.05 |
| 矿物质预混料Mineral premix2) | 0.50 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | |
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 14.69 |
| 净能NE/(MJ/kg) | 10.57 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 17.72 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 1.24 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.82 |
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.74 |
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.25 |
| 缬氨酸Val | 0.85 |
| 钙Ca | 0.68 |
| 总磷TP | 0.60 |
1)维生素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The vitamin premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 10 500 IU,VD3 1 900 IU,VE 85.00 IU,VK3 2.50 mg,VB1 3.50 mg,VB2 8.00 mg,VB6 3.70 mg,VB12 0.05 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 28.00 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 20.00 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.50 mg,生物素 biotin 0.50 mg。 2)矿物质预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The mineral premix provided the following per kg of the diet:Fe 130 mg,Cu 105 mg,Zn 100 mg,Mn 40 mg,I 0.35 mg,Se 0.3 mg。 3)消化能和净能为计算值,其他营养水平为实测值。DE and NE were calculated values, while the other nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集
1.5 测定指标及方法
1.5.1 饲粮营养成分
1.5.2 生长性能
1.5.3 腹泻率
1.5.4 血浆生化指标
1.5.5 血浆抗氧化指标
1.5.6 血浆免疫指标
1.6 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 复合植物精油和丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响
表2 复合植物精油和丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响Table 2 Effects of compound plant essential oils and Clostridium butyricum on growth performance and diarrhea rate of weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC | PC | T1 | T2 | T3 | |
| 初始体重IBW/kg | 6.47±0.44 | 6.48±0.39 | 6.48±0.38 | 6.50±0.45 | 6.46±0.43 |
| 终末体重FBW/kg | 11.79±0.51b | 12.47±0.53a | 12.19±0.46ab | 12.25±0.52ab | 12.49±0.49a |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 332.50±56.43Bc | 378.38±57.63Aa | 356.88±46.46ABb | 359.38±51.38ABb | 376.88±45.75Aa |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 456.25±69.37 | 479.20±67.68 | 467.51±62.49 | 474.38±71.23 | 486.17±68.57 |
| 料重比F/G | 1.37±0.36a | 1.27±0.35b | 1.31±0.26ab | 1.32±0.32ab | 1.29±0.28b |
| 腹泻率Diarrhea rate/% | 6.43±1.62Aa | 3.21±2.35Bc | 4.82±1.62ABb | 4.76±0.98ABb | 3.16±2.35Bc |
| 饲粮成本Diet cost/(元/kg) | 5.30 | 5.33 | 5.33 | 5.32 | 5.35 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01), while with the same small letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 复合植物精油和丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪血浆生化指标的影响
表3 复合植物精油和丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪血浆生化指标的影响Table 3 Effects of compound plant essential oils and Clostridium butyricum on plasma biochemical indices of weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC | PC | T1 | T2 | T3 | |
| 二胺氧化酶DAO/(U/L) | 16.78±3.24a | 13.43±1.43b | 14.47±1.76b | 14.31±2.39b | 13.67±2.78b |
| 内毒素Endotoxin/(EU/mL) | 1.09±0.12a | 0.88±0.06b | 0.92±0.10b | 0.90±0.07b | 0.86±0.08b |
| 胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ IGF-Ⅰ/(ng/mL) | 91.36±5.35Bc | 117.25±7.17Aa | 103.55±4.32ABb | 102.28±5.62ABb | 115.67±6.53Aa |
2.3 复合植物精油和丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪血浆抗氧化指标的影响
表4 复合植物精油和丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪血浆抗氧化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of compound plant essential oils and Clostridium butyricum on plasma antioxidant indices of weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC | PC | T1 | T2 | T3 | |
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mL) | 45.63±2.89c | 53.86±3.52a | 48.03±3.87bc | 50.82±2.66ab | 52.95±3.92a |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 387.13±23.26c | 457.48±38.33a | 417.68±24.55b | 419.29±39.20b | 453.72±27.46a |
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(mmol/L) | 0.78±0.12Bc | 0.98±0.09Aa | 0.86±0.15ABb | 0.89±0.12ABb | 1.01±0.13Aa |
| 丙二醛MDA/(mmol/mL) | 4.12±0.25 | 3.98±0.43 | 4.09±0.20 | 4.13±0.21 | 4.02±0.20 |
2.4 复合植物精油和丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪血浆免疫指标的影响
表5 复合植物精油和丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪血浆免疫指标的影响Table 5 Effects of compound plant essential oils and Clostridium butyricum on plasma immune indices of weaned piglets |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC | PC | T1 | T2 | T3 | |
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(mg/mL) | 1.09±0.15 | 1.15±0.21 | 1.11±0.31 | 1.16±0.28 | 1.21±0.25 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(mg/mL) | 7.23±0.52Bc | 9.37±0.48Aa | 8.46±0.43ABb | 8.15±0.56ABb | 9.22±0.56Aa |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(mg/mL) | 1.51±0.15 | 1.64±0.17 | 1.67±0.18 | 1.59±0.21 | 1.70±0.21 |
| 白细胞介素-1β IL-1β/(ng/L) | 15.34±1.13a | 12.17±1.02b | 14.12±0.92a | 14.43±0.57a | 12.49±0.87b |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6/(ng/L) | 51.76±2.25a | 44.33±3.43c | 46.52±3.48bc | 48.09±2.27ab | 45.39±4.28bc |
| 白细胞介素-10 IL-10/(ng/L) | 95.73±5.75c | 120.31±5.22a | 110.46±6.15ab | 102.49±6.06bc | 117.58±6.74a |
