Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2025 , Vol. 37 >Issue 1: 307 - 319

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2025.027

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Oligomeric Nano Hydrogen Water on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Serum Lipid Indices, Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Health of White Feather Broiler Chickens

  • ZHAO Xingchen , 1 ,
  • DAI Lin 2, * ,
  • WANG Baowei , 2, ** ,
  • FAN Zhigang 3 ,
  • WU Yuanzhao 3 ,
  • WANG Binghan 4 ,
  • LU Wei 3 ,
  • SUN Xiaoyi 1 ,
  • ZHANG Ming’ai 1 ,
  • FAN Wenlei 1
Expand
  • 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
  • 2 College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
  • 3 Qingdao Langzi Technology Equipment Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266109, China
  • 4 Qingdao Huihe Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266109, China
** professor, E-mail:

* Contributed equally

Received date: 2024-07-07

  Online published: 2025-01-10

Fold

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effects of drinking oligomeric nano hydrogen water on growth performance, slaughter performance, serum lipid indices, antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of white feather broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-day-old male white feather broiler chickens were randomly divided into 2 groups with 15 replicates per group and 8 chickens per replicate. The control group was given regular drinking water, while the experimental group was given oligomeric nano hydrogen water. The experiment lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the oligomeric nano hydrogen water system was able to achieve bubble sizes of 50 nanometers, with the retention time of nano-bubbles increased by more than double. The half-width of water molecule aggregation was tested below 60 Hz, showing 8% to 10% improvement in water permeability, 10% to 15% improvement in dissolved oxygen, and 8% to 12% reduction in water surface tension. 2) Compared with the control group, the average daily gain, final weight and survival rate of the experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed to gain ratio was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the eviscerated rate and semi-eviscerated rate of the experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, the contents of triglyceride and malondialdehyde in serum of the experimental group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the serum superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased (P<0.05). 5) Compared with the control group, the villus height and villus height/crypt depth in jejunum of the experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.05). 6) At the phylum level, the control group showed significant enrichment in Bacteroidetes (P<0.05), and the experimental group showed significant enrichment in Firmicutes (P<0.05). At the genus level, the control group showed significant enrichment in Bacteroides (P<0.05), and the experimental group showed significant enrichment in Lactobacillus, Alistipes and Ruminococcus_torques_group (P<0.05). In conclusion, drinking oligomeric nano hydrogen water can modulate the intestinal tissue morphology, optimize intestinal microbiota, enhance antioxidant capacity and improve lipid indices, thereby improving the growth performance and slaughter performance of broiler chickens.

Key words： oligomeric nano hydrogen water; broiler chickens; growth performance; slaughter performance; antioxidant capacity; intestinal microbiota

Cite this article

ZHAO Xingchen , DAI Lin , WANG Baowei , FAN Zhigang , WU Yuanzhao , WANG Binghan , LU Wei , SUN Xiaoyi , ZHANG Ming’ai , FAN Wenlei . Effects of Oligomeric Nano Hydrogen Water on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Serum Lipid Indices, Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Health of White Feather Broiler Chickens[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2025 , 37(1) : 307 -319 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2025.027

水的质量及饮用量是缓解畜禽热应激、维持新陈代谢与正常生理活动的重要基础,对体温控制、消化和吸收、营养物质的代谢运输具有重要意义[1⇓-3]。富氢水(hydrogen-rich water,HRW)作为近几年畜禽饮水的研究热点之一,具有许多积极作用,包括改善肠道菌群的多样性和丰富性[4-5]、调节脂质代谢[6]、缓解慢性氧化应激并提高机体抗氧化能力[7]、改善胰岛素抵抗[8]等,其优异的生物安全性使其在养殖生产中具有广阔前景。自然界中的水由水分子团簇缔合状态的形式存在,保持了一个动态组合的变化状态。水分子团的大小不同,水的物化性能也会不同。细胞膜中存在着只允许水分子出入的水通道,所有生物的水通道蛋白仅允许小分子团或离子出入。水的“低聚合态”是指水分子形成的小聚合体(二聚体、三聚体等),并非单一的水分子[9],其具有较强的溶解能力和抗氧化性,可以促进细胞的水合作用,提高体内代谢[10⇓-12]。纳米气泡是在水中直径介于1~100 nm的微小气泡[13],其具有在水中长久滞留的性质[14],通过应用低聚合态超微纳米气泡技术可以延长氢气溶存时间及稳定性,充分发挥氢气作用。
低聚合态纳米氢水(oligomeric nano hydrogen water,ONHW)采用物理方法将聚合态的大水分子团,解簇成为低聚合态的小水分子团聚簇状态,增加水的流动性和离子通道穿透性,进而增加营养物质吸收率;另外,所形成的纳米氢气泡与解簇后的低聚合态水分子,生产了大量的低聚合态的水合超微纳米氢气泡,水的分子力成为水合态的超微纳米氢气泡主要影响因素,使氢气无法快速逃逸,大幅提升氢气在水中的稳定性,为有效发挥氢气的生物活性创造条件。目前,关于低聚合态纳米氢水对畜禽养殖的应用研究甚少,且对于将其应用于肉禽的研究未见报道。因此,本试验以白羽肉鸡为研究对象,探究饮用低聚合态纳米氢水对其生长性能、屠宰性能、血清脂质指标、抗氧化能力及肠道健康的影响,旨在为低聚合态纳米氢水在肉鸡生产应用中提供参考依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 低聚合态纳米氢水制备

本研究所用低聚合态纳米氢水制造系统由青岛朗兹科技设备有限公司提供,每8 h供给1次。其所产生水体的半峰宽值为52.08 Hz(核磁共振检测所得),处理前水的表面张力为70.94 mN/m,处理后水的表面张力为61.06 mN/m;微纳米气泡粒径尺寸为37.8~68.1 nm,氢气纯度为99.53%,对鸡舍乳头饮水器出水口进行氢水稳定性测试,初始氢化值保持在1 384 ppb左右,8 h时的氢化值保持在1 130 ppb左右。

1.2 试验设计

动物试验由青岛农业大学动物科技学院实验室管理及伦理委员会批准,批准号为DKY20230428。
试验选取健康的1日龄、体重(49.2±1.1) g的罗斯308雄性白羽肉鸡240只,根据体重均匀分为2组,每组15个重复,每个重复8只鸡。对照组供给正常饮用水,试验组供给低聚合态纳米氢水。试验期42 d。基础饲粮营养水平参考NRC(2014)标准进行设计,饲料原料营养参数参考《中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2022年第33版)》[15],其组成及营养水平见表1。
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) %

项目Items 含量Content
原料Ingredients
玉米Corn 55.80
豆粕Soybean meal 35.52
豆油Soybean oil 4.57
赖氨酸Lys 0.12
DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met 0.14
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 1.49
石粉Limestone 1.06
氯化钠NaCl 0.30
预混料Premix1) 1.00
合计Total 100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels2)
代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) 12.31
粗蛋白质CP 21.23
赖氨酸Lys 1.09
蛋氨酸Met 0.59
蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys 0.92
钙Ca 0.98
总磷TP 0.67
有效磷AP 0.43

1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet: VA 8 500 IU,VD3 2 500 IU,VK3 15 mg,VB1 2 mg,VB2 8 mg,VB5 12 mg,VB12 0.025 mg,VE 50 IU,生物素 biotin 0.032 5 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 50 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 700 mg,Cu 8 mg,Zn 75 mg,Fe 80 mg,Mn 100 mg,Se 0.15 mg,I 0.35 mg。

2)代谢能和有效磷为计算值,粗蛋白质、钙、总磷、氨基酸(赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、半胱氨酸)为实测值。ME and AP were calculated values, while CP, Ca, TP and amino acids (Lys, Met and Cys) were measured values.

1.3 饲养管理

试验鸡自由采食,自由饮水。每日07: 30和19: 30分别记录鸡舍温度和湿度,并且每日3次启动微纳米富氢水系统产生微纳米富氢水,试验开始前清理和消毒鸡舍,并保持舍内温度稳定。前3 d保持雏鸡生长温度32 ℃,之后每周降温2 ℃,直到温度维持在(24±2) ℃,相对湿度保持在55%~65%。采用3层笼养,试验肉鸡均按常规程序进行免疫,每天23 h光照。

1.4 测定指标及方法

1.4.1 饲粮营养成分

代谢能和有效磷含量参照《中国饲料成分及营养价值表》[15]计算所得。粗蛋白质含量参照GB/T 6432—2018测定[16],赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸含量参照GB/T 18246—2019的常规酸水解法和氧化酸水解法测定[17],钙含量参照GB/T 13885—2017测定[18],磷含量参照GB/T 6437—2018测定[19]。

1.4.2 生长性能

试验开始时称量记录肉鸡初始体重,试验过程中监测各舍耗料量,待肉鸡42日龄时出栏并称量肉鸡的体重,试验过程中观察并记录肉鸡的死亡情况,分别计算平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、末重(FW)、料重比(F/G)和成活率,计算公式如下:
平均日增重=(末重-初重)/(肉鸡总数×试验天数);
平均日采食量=总采食量/(肉鸡总数×试验天数);
料重比=平均日采食量/平均日增重;
成活率(%)=(肉鸡出栏总数/肉鸡初始总数)×100。

1.4.3 屠宰性能

42日龄时,每重复随机选取2只肉鸡,共60只进行屠宰试验,试验前对肉鸡断料12 h,记录宰前活重、屠体重、全净膛重、半净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重和腹脂重。参照《家禽生产性能名词术语和度量计算方法》(NY/T 823—2020)计算屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率。

1.4.4 血清脂质和抗氧化指标

屠宰前对选取的肉鸡进行颈静脉采血,1 500×g离心15 min提取血清,-40 ℃保存。按照试剂盒说明书测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),试剂盒均购自南京建成生物工程研究所,测定仪器采用酶标仪(INFINITE-200 PRO)。

1.4.5 肠道组织形态

屠宰时每重复采集1只肉鸡的空肠组织,置于4%多聚甲醛溶液中固定。固定48 h后的空肠样品经修块、脱水、透明、浸蜡、包埋等处理后,切成5 μm的切片,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,于光学显微镜下拍照观察,采用Nicon NIS-Elements图像分析系统,测定肠道绒毛高度和隐窝深度,并计算绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)。

1.4.6 盲肠菌群组成及相对丰度

采集上述屠宰肉鸡的盲肠内容物,通过微生物高通量测序及分析对其进行16S rRNA测序。提取内容物DNA,使用引物338F(5'-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3')和806R(5'-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCATAAT-3')对16S rRNA V3~V4进行PCR扩增,利用Illumina Miseq/NovaSeq 6000平台测序,PCR产物回收纯化后,制备文库进行测序分析,并通过群落组成分析并计算Alpha多样性,比较门水平和属水平的肠道菌群组成,通过线性判别分析效应大小(LEfSe)多级物种差异判别分析门、属水平上的差异物种。

1.5 数据统计分析

试验数据采用SPSS 26.0软件进行独立样本t检验分析。结果用平均值±标准差表示,P<0.05表示差异显著。

2 结果与分析

2.1 低聚合态纳米氢水系统构建

由图1和表2可知,超微纳米气泡发生系统能够将制备的氢气纳米气泡化,结合水分子团的解簇效应,实现气泡突破50 nm超微纳米粒径。纳米氢气气泡粒径分布在100 nm以下(主要粒径分布在40~60 nm),较常规(400 nm以上)降低了10倍左右。纳米气泡保持时间增加1倍以上。核磁共振测试结果显示水分子团聚半峰宽测试在60 Hz以下,而普通水在110 Hz以上。水体的渗透力提高了8%~10%。水体的溶解力增强,但从溶解氧来看,提升了10%~15%。水的表面张力降低了8%~12%。上述水物理性状的测定结果表明,低聚合态纳米氢水系统构建成功。
图1 处理微纳米气泡粒径分布(A)和常规微纳米气泡粒径分布(B)

Fig.1 Particle size distribution of processed micro nano bubbles (A) and particle size distribution of conventional micro nano bubbles (B)

表2 低聚合态纳米氢水表面张力测试结果

Table 2 Surface tension test results of activated ONHW

项目
Items		 时间
Time/s		 处理前
Before treatment/(mN/m)		 处理后
After treatment/(mN/m)
序号Serial number
1 60 71.106±0.076 61.214±0.061
2 80 71.000±0.069 61.145±0.060
3 100 70.971±0.070 61.093±0.057
4 120 70.950±0.071 61.065±0.054
5 140 70.930±0.067 61.044±0.058
6 160 70.911±0.065 61.024±0.051
7 180 70.902±0.068 61.006±0.054
8 200 70.884±0.070 61.022±0.063
9 230 70.871±0.069 61.000±0.052
10 250 70.849±0.061 60.997±0.050
平均值±标准差 X -±SD 70.937±0.066 61.061±0.055

2.2 低聚合态纳米氢水对肉鸡生长性能的影响

由表3可知,与对照组相比,试验组的平均日增重、末重和成活率显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05),平均日采食量无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表3 低聚合态纳米氢水对肉鸡生长性能的影响

Table 3 Effects of ONHW on growth performance of broiler chickens

项目
Items		 对照组
Control group		 试验组
Experimental group		 P值
P-value
平均日增重ADG/g 64.13±1.79b 68.14±0.48a 0.020
平均日采食量ADFI/g 95.70±3.08 98.35±0.43 0.216
料重比F/G 1.49±0.01a 1.44±0.01b <0.001
末重FW/g 2 565±72b 2 726±19a 0.020
成活率Survival rate/% 96.69±0.03b 98.08±0.18a <0.001

同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。

In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below.

2.3 低聚合态纳米氢水对肉鸡屠宰性能的影响

由表4可知,与对照组相比,试验组的全净膛率和半净膛率显著提高(P<0.05),屠宰率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表4 低聚合态纳米氢水对肉鸡屠宰性能的影响

Table 4 Effects of ONHW on slaughter performance of broiler chickens %

项目
Items		 对照组
Control group		 试验组
Experimental group		 P值
P-value
屠宰率Dressed percentage 91.70±3.44 91.53±3.63 0.850
全净膛率Eviscerated rate 77.01±5.74b 79.41±4.19a 0.002
半净膛率Semi-eviscerated rate 79.67±6.80b 81.82±4.44a 0.001
胸肌率Breast muscle rate 24.78±3.36 24.80±2.06 0.972
腿肌率Leg muscle rete 19.73±1.97 19.89±1.90 0.750
腹脂率Abdominal fat rate 1.60±0.19 1.63±0.46 0.751

2.4 低聚合态纳米氢水对肉鸡血清脂质指标的影响

由表5可知,与对照组相比,试验组的血清甘油三酯含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表5 低聚合态纳米氢水对肉鸡血清脂质指标的影响

Table 5 Effects of ONHW on serum lipid indices of broiler chickens mmol/L

项目
Items		 对照组
Control group		 试验组
Experimental group		 P值
P-value
总胆固醇TC 3.37±0.69 3.39±0.48 0.946
甘油三酯TG 4.54±1.51a 2.68±0.75b 0.003
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇HDL-C 2.48±0.48 2.61±0.34 0.503
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LDL-C 1.77±0.44 1.73±0.32 0.778

2.5 低聚合态纳米氢水对肉鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响

由表6可知,与对照组相比,试验组的血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),血清丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和总抗氧化能力无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表6 低聚合态纳米氢水对白羽肉鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响

Table 6 Effects of ONHW on serum antioxidant indices of broiler chickens

项目
Items		 对照组
Control group		 试验组
Experimental group		 P值
P-value
过氧化氢酶CAT/(U/mL) 0.17±0.03 0.18±0.03 0.429
丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) 1.85±0.06a 1.49±0.15b <0.001
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/mL) 1 924.57±168.75 1 833.14±194.40 0.366
超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mL) 18.87±1.29b 20.78±1.21a 0.009
总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(mmol/L) 1.49±0.07 1.50±0.11 0.819

2.6 低聚合态纳米氢水对肉鸡空肠形态的影响

由表7可知,与对照组相比,试验组的空肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著提高(P<0.05),空肠隐窝深度无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表7 低聚合态纳米氢水对肉鸡空肠形态的影响

Table 7 Effects of ONHW on jejunum morphology of broiler chickens

项目
Items		 对照组
Control group		 试验组
Experimental group		 P值
P-value
绒毛高度Villus height/μm 1 055.78±45.12b 1 273.57±94.68a 0.006
隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm 160.67±10.22 173.62±12.18 0.163
绒毛高度/隐窝深度Villus height/crypt depth 6.58±0.40b 7.35±0.42a 0.039

2.7 低聚合态纳米氢水对肉鸡肠道菌群结构的影响

2.7.1 Alpha多样性分析

由表8可知,各组的覆盖度指数均大于0.99,说明该测序结果已基本覆盖样品中的全部微生物种类。根据Ace指数、Chao1指数和Shannon指数可知,试验组的盲肠微生物表现出比对照组更高的多样性,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。
表8 肠道菌群Alpha多样性

Table 8 Intestinal microbiota Alpha diversity

项目
Items		 对照组
Control group		 试验组
Experimental group		 P值
P-value
Ace指数Ace index 645.02±91.71 658.84±30.01 0.835
Chao1指数Chao1 index 632.04±90.01 644.97±31.53 0.769
Shannon指数Shannon index 4.31±0.17 4.54±0.20 0.129
Simpson指数Simpson index 0.04±0.01 0.03±0.01 0.245
Sobs指数Sobs index 574±70 597±35 0.530
覆盖度指数Coverage index 0.997±0.00 0.997±0.00 0.760

2.7.2 肠道菌群共有物种分析

操作分类单位(OTUs)是基于有效序列进行聚类和物种分类分析的一种分类单元,由图2可知,对照组包含了1 086个OTUs,试验组包含了1 011个OTUs,对照组特有352个OTUs,试验组特有277个OTUs。
图2 物种Venn图分析

CON:对照组 control group;ONHW:试验组 experimental group。下图同 the same as below。

Fig2 Species Venn diagram analysis

2.7.3 肠道菌群物种组成分析

如图3所示,各组盲肠微生物门水平的优势物种为厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、蓝藻菌门、脱硫杆菌门、变形菌门及未分类的细菌;各组盲肠微生物属水平的优势物种为拟杆菌属、未命名的梭菌属UCG-014、未命名的梭菌属vadinBB60、另枝杆菌属、乳酸菌属、粪杆菌属、扭曲瘤胃球菌属群、巴氏菌属等。
图3 门水平(A)和属水平(B)物种相对丰度

Firmicutes:厚壁菌门;Bacteroidota:拟杆菌门;Actinobacteriota:放线菌门;Cyanobacteria:蓝藻菌门;Desulfobacteria:脱硫杆菌门;Proteobacteria:变形菌门;unclassified_k_norank_d_Bacteria:未分类的细菌;Bcateroides:拟杆菌属;norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_UCG-014:未命名的梭菌属UCG-014;norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadinBB60_group:未命名的梭菌属vadinBB60;Alistipes:另枝杆菌属;Lactobacillus:乳酸菌属;Faecalibacterium:粪杆菌属;Ruminococcus_torques_group:扭曲瘤胃球菌群;Bamesiella:巴氏菌属;norank_f_norank_o_RF39:未命名的细菌RF39;others:其他。

Fig.3 Relative abundance of species at phylum level (A) and genus level (B)

2.7.4 LEfSe分析

如图4所示,线性判别分析(LDA)阈值为4时,在门水平上,差异菌群共有2个;其中,对照组显著富集的是拟杆菌门(P<0.05),试验组显著富集的是厚壁菌门(P<0.05)。在属水平上,差异菌群共有4个;其中,对照组显著富集的是拟杆菌属(P<0.05),试验组显著富集的是乳酸菌属、另枝杆菌属和扭曲瘤胃球菌属群(P<0.05)。
图4 门水平(A)和属水平(B)上的LDA条形图

95% confidence interval:95%置信区间;proportions:比例;Difference between proportion:比例差异;P-value:P值;Firmicutes:厚壁菌门;Bacteroidota:拟杆菌门;Bcateroides:拟杆菌属;Alistipes:另枝杆菌属;Lactobacillus:乳酸菌属;Ruminococcus_torques_group:扭曲瘤胃球菌群。

Fig.4 LDA bar chart at phylum level (A) and genus level (B)

3 讨论

3.1 低聚合态纳米氢水对肉鸡生长性能的影响

富氢水作为当前电解水研究重点,对于增强畜禽健康状况具有重要意义。生长性能是畜禽生产的重要指标,直接表现对生产经济效益的影响。研究表明,富氢水可以通过减少氧化应激来提高畜禽生长性能[20⇓-22]。也有研究指出,富氢水通过调节肠道菌群和肠道形态改善动物消化吸收能力,进而提高生长性能[5,22⇓-24]。低聚合态纳米氢水具有较强的稳定性和生物学利用效果,能够更好地发挥氢气的相应功能。本研究结果表明,低聚合态纳米氢水能够提高肉鸡平均日增重、末重和存活率,降低料重比。

3.2 低聚合态纳米氢水对肉鸡屠宰性能的影响

屠宰性能是衡量禽类肉用性能的关键指标,目前关于富氢水对肉鸡屠宰性能影响的研究鲜有报道。对仔猪的研究表明,富氢水可以有效改善其健康状况和生理状态,从而间接提高屠宰性能[25-26]。本研究结果表明,低聚合态纳米氢水能够提高肉鸡的半净膛率和全净膛率,说明低聚合态纳米氢水通过提高肉鸡生长性能,从而改善其屠宰性能。

3.3 低聚合态纳米氢水对肉鸡血清脂质指标的影响

血清脂质指标反映动物体内脂类代谢和脂质沉积的情况。研究发现,富氢水可以调节脂肪肝小鼠的脂质代谢[6,27],具有潜在的治疗效果[28]。本研究发现,低聚合态纳米氢水可以降低肉鸡血清甘油三酯含量,而对血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固含量无显著差异。甘油三酯含量与肉鸡的脂肪沉积相关,较高的甘油三酯含量会导致更多的脂肪沉积,因此降低甘油三酯含量对肉鸡的健康具有重要意义[29⇓-31]。多项研究表明,富氢水可以降低甘油三酯含量,减少动物脂质的积累[27,32-33],本研究结果与以上研究结果一致,其机制可能是通过增加脂肪酸氧化和减少脂肪合成从而降低肉鸡甘油三酯含量[34]。

3.4 低聚合态纳米氢水对肉鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响

家禽在养殖过程中易受氧化应激的影响,从而对其机体健康和生长性能产生消极影响。多项研究表明,饮用富氢水能够减轻炎症小鼠的氧化应激,提高抗氧化能力[35⇓-37]。对家禽的研究发现,富氢水能够有效降低热应激蛋鸡血浆丙二醛含量[20]。本研究结果表明,低聚合态纳米氢水能够降低肉鸡血清丙二醛含量,提高血清超氧化物歧化酶活性。富氢水可以通过调节核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)信号通路减轻动物氧化应激反应,提高抗氧化能力[37⇓-39],而Nrf2信号通路通过降低丙二醛含量并提高超氧化物歧化酶活性,进而减少氧化应激和增强抗氧化能力[40⇓-42]。超微纳米气泡能够释放并留存更多活性氢离子(H+),提高水体中氢气的富集程度,这可能是低聚合态纳米氢水调节肉鸡抗氧化能力的因素之一。

3.5 低聚合态纳米氢水对肉鸡空肠组织形态结构的影响

绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度是衡量禽类肠道健康和吸收功能重要指标[43-44]。研究发现,富氢水能够保护肠道形态免受损伤,维持肠道屏障功能[22,45]。Zhang等[20]研究发现,富氢水可有效提高热应激蛋鸡的空肠绒毛高度,减缓热应激对肠道的负面影响。本研究结果发现,低聚合态纳米氢水可以提高肉鸡空肠绒毛高度及绒毛高度/隐窝深度,这与前人的研究结果一致,表明低聚合态纳米氢水能够提高肉鸡的空肠绒毛高度,进而改善肠道组织形态。

3.6 低聚合态纳米氢水对肉鸡肠道菌群结构的影响

肠道菌群平衡对家禽生长发育、营养吸收和免疫应答等方面有着重要作用[46]。刘梓嘉等[47]研究发现,氢气通过调节宿主肠道菌群组成,从而发挥益生作用,多项研究表明富氢水可以调节肠道菌群结构及多样性[22,48]。本研究结果发现,低聚合态纳米氢水不改变肉鸡肠道菌群的Alpha多样性,但对门水平和属水平下的物种相对丰度具有调节作用,在门水平下提高了厚壁菌门相对丰度,降低了拟杆菌门相对丰度。厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门与家禽的生长性能呈正相关[49⇓-51],结合本研究的结果,低聚合态纳米氢水可能通过调节肉鸡肠道中的厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度,从而提高肉鸡的生长性能;在属水平下,低聚合态纳米氢水降低了拟杆菌属相对丰度,升高了乳酸菌属、另枝杆菌属和瘤胃球菌属相对丰度。研究发现,高相对丰度的拟杆菌属可能导致肠道炎症和健康问题,影响家禽饲料转化率,从而降低生长性能[52-53],乳酸菌属相对丰度与增强家禽免疫功能和抗病能力呈正相关,另支杆菌具有调节家禽消化和吸收功能的作用,瘤胃球菌属能够促进肠道健康,提高饲料利用率[54⇓⇓-57]。结合相关研究,表明低聚合态纳米氢水通过优化肠道菌群物种的相对丰度,调节肉鸡肠道健康。

4 结论

① 低聚合态纳米氢水系统构建,能够实现气泡达50 nm超微纳米粒径,纳米气泡保持时间增加1倍以上。水分子团聚半峰宽测试在60 Hz以下,水体的渗透力提高8%~10%,溶解氧提升10%~15%,水的表面张力降低8%~12%。
② 肉鸡饮用低聚合态纳米氢水能够调节肠道组织形态,优化肠道菌群,提高抗氧化能力和改善脂质指标,从而提高肉鸡的生长性能和屠宰性能。

References

Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within
[1]
AL-SAFFAWI A Y T. AL-TAAY N D S, KAPLAN A B Y H. Qualitative assessment of groundwater for livestock and poultry watering:a case study of water wells in Hamdaniya district,nineveh governorate,Iraq[J]. IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science, 2021, 735(1):012018.

[2]
ELSAIDY N, MOHAMED R A, ABOUELENIEN F. Assessment of variable drinking water sources used in Egypt on broiler health and welfare[J]. Veterinary World, 2015, 8(7):855-864.

DOI PMID

[3]
杨果平. 奶牛饮水与健康[J]. 四川畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(10):41.

YANG G P. Drinking water and health of cows[J]. Sichuan Animal & Veterinary Sciences, 2020, 47(10):41. (in Chinese)

[4]
TANAKA Y, SAIHARA Y, IZUMOTANI K, et al. Daily ingestion of alkaline electrolyzed water containing hydrogen influences human health,including gastrointestinal symptoms[J]. Medical Gas Research, 2019, 8(4):160-166.

[5]
OSTOJIC S M. Hydrogen-rich water as a modulator of gut microbiota?[J]. Journal of Functional Foods, 2021,78:104360.

[6]
LIN C P, CHUANG W C, LU F J, et al. Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hydrogen-rich water alleviate ethanol-induced fatty liver in mice[J]. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2017, 23(27):4920-4934.

[7]
HU D, LI D X, SHIGETA M, et al. Alleviation of the chronic stress response attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of electrolyzed hydrogen water[J]. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2021,535:1-5.

[8]
OGAWA S, OHSAKI Y, SHIMIZU M, et al. Electrolyzed hydrogen-rich water for oxidative stress suppression and improvement of insulin resistance: a multicenter prospective double-blind randomized control trial[J]. Diabetology International, 2022, 13(1):209-219.

DOI PMID

[9]
CERVENY S, COMBARRO-PALACIOS I, SWENSON J. Evidence of coupling between the motions of water and peptides[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2016, 7(20):4093-4098.

[10]
GARCIA A E, HUMMER G. Theoretical studies of the interaction of water with DNA oligomers and proteins:LA-UR-96-0240[R]. Los Alamos: Los Alamos National Laboratory,1996.

[11]
GULINO M, GRASSO R, LANZANÓ L, et al. Lifetime of low-density water domains in salt solutions by time-resolved delayed luminescence[J]. Chemical Physics Letters, 2010, 497(1/2/3):99-102.

[12]
NETZ P A. Molecular dynamics simulations of structural and dynamical aspects of DNA hydration water[J]. Journal of Physics:Condensed Matter, 2022, 34(16):164002.

[13]
TEMESGEN T, BUI T T, HAN M, et al. Micro and nanobubble technologies as a new horizon for water-treatment techniques:a review[J]. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2017,246:40-51.

[14]
PAN Y C, ZHOU L M, WEN B H. The stability and morphology of nanobubbles on homogeneous surfaces with different wettability[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2022, 34(7):072007.

[15]
中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2022年第33版)(续)[J]. 中国饲料, 2022(24):63-68.

Chinese feed composition and nutritional value table (33rd Edition,2022) (Continued)[J]. Chinese Feed, 2022(24):63-68. (in Chinese)

[16]
国家市场监督管理总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 饲料中粗蛋白的测定凯氏定氮法:GB/T 6432—2018[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018.

State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Determination of crude protein in feeds-Kjeldahl method:GB/T 6432—2018[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2018. (in Chinese)

[17]
国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 饲料中氨基酸的测定:GB/T 18246—2019[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2019.

State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Determination of amino acids in feeds:GB/T 18246—2019[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2019. (in Chinese)

[18]
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 饲料中钙、铜、铁、镁、锰、钾、钠和锌含量的测定原子吸收光谱法:GB/T 13885—2017[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017.

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Determination of the contents of calcium,copper,iron,magnesium,manganese,potassium,sodium and zinc in feeds-method using atomic absorption spectrometry:GB/T 13885—2017[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2017. (in Chinese)

[19]
国家市场监督管理总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 饲料中总磷的测定分光光度法:GB/T 6437—2018[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018.

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Determination of phosphorus in feeds-spectrophotometry:GB/T 6437—2018[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2018. (in Chinese)

[20]
ZHANG B, LU C, ZANG Y, et al. Drinking with electrolyzed reduced hydrogen-rich water alters egg quality,intestinal morphology,and antioxidant activities in heat-stressed layers[J]. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 2022, 31(2):100244.

[21]
ZHENG W J, JI X, ZHANG Q, et al. Hydrogen-rich water and lactulose protect against growth suppression and oxidative stress in female piglets fed fusarium toxins contaminated diets[J]. Toxins, 2018, 10(6):228.

[22]
ZHU H, YANG H Y, YAO W, et al. Effects of hydrogen-rich water on antioxidant capacity,meat quality and cecum mic robiota of broiler chickens[J/OL]. Research Square, 2023:1-6(2023-07-05)[2024-04-01].https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3127640/v1.

[23]
KURU M, MAKAV M, BOĞA KURU B, et al. Hydrogen-rich water supplementation improves metabolic profile during peripartum period in Gurcu goats and enhances the health and survival of kids[J]. Research in Veterinary Science, 2024,171:105208.

[24]
ZHENG W J, JI X, ZHANG Q, et al. Intestinal microbiota ecological response to oral administrations of hydrogen-rich water and lactulose in female piglets fed a Fusarium toxin-contaminated diet[J]. Toxins, 2018, 10(6):246.

[25]
陈亚, 魏全伟, 杜文超, 等. 乳果糖和富氢水对断奶仔猪采食霉变玉米后引起卵巢机能障碍的缓解作用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2018, 49(12):2641-2651.

CHEN Y, WEI Q W, DU W C, et al. Mitigation of lactulose and hydrogen-rich water on ovarian dysfunction caused by dietary contaminated corn in weaned piglets[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2018, 49(12):2641-2651. (in Chinese)

DOI

[26]
陈木成. 一种富氢水提高猪肉品质的养殖方法:CN201810971910.2[P].2018-08-24.

CHEN M C. A method for improving pork quality with hydrogen rich water:CN201810971910.2[P].2018-08-24. (in Chinese)

[27]
JACKSON K, DRESSLER N, BEN-SHUSHAN R S, et al. Effects of alkaline-electrolyzed and hydrogen-rich water,in a high-fat-diet nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mouse model[J]. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2018, 24(45):5095-5108.

[28]
ZHENG M N, YU H, XUE Y, et al. The protective effect of hydrogen-rich water on rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2021, 476(8):3089-3097.

[29]
TŮMOVÁ E, TEIMOURI A. Fat deposition in the broiler chicken:a review[J]. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 2010,41:121-128.

[30]
DONG J Q, ZHANG H, JIANG X F, et al. Comparison of serum biochemical parameters between two broiler chicken lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2015, 93(7):3278-3286.

DOI PMID

[31]
MARTÍNEZ Y, BECERRA J C, BERTOT R R, et al. Growth performance,carcass traits and lipid profile of broiler chicks fed with an exogenous emulsifier and increasing levels of energy provided by palm oil[J]. Journal of Food,Agriculture and Environment, 2013, 11(1):629-633.

[32]
YONEDA T, TOMOFUJI T, KUNITOMO M, et al. Preventive effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on gingival oxidative stress and alveolar bone resorption in rats fed a high-fat diet[J]. Nutrients, 2017, 9(1):64.

[33]
JAFTA N, MAGAGULA S, LEBELO K, et al. The production and role of hydrogen-rich water in medical applications[M]//INAMUDDIN,AHAMED M I,BODDULA R,et al.Applied water science volume 1:fundamentals and applications. Hoboken:Wiley,2021:273-298.

[34]
KAWAI D S E, TAKAKI A, NAKATSUKA A, et al. Hydrogen-rich water prevents progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and accompanying hepatocarcinogenesis in mice[J]. Hepatology, 2012, 56(3):912-921.

DOI PMID

[35]
WANG T T, ZHAO L, LIU M Y, et al. Oral intake of hydrogen-rich water ameliorated chlorpyrifos-induced neurotoxicity in rats[J]. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2014, 280(1):169-176.

DOI PMID

[36]
PENG J, HE Q, LI S C, et al. Hydrogen-rich water mitigates LPS-induced chronic intestinal inflammatory response in rats via Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways[J]. Veterinary Sciences, 2022, 9(11):621.

[37]
YUAN J, WANG D F, LIU Y, et al. Hydrogen-rich water attenuates oxidative stress in rats with traumatic brain injury via Nrf2 pathway[J]. Journal of Surgical Research, 2018,228:238-246.

[38]
TAMAKI N, ORIHUELA-CAMPOS R C, FUKUI M, et al. Hydrogen-rich water intake accelerates oral palatal wound healing via activation of the Nrf2/antioxidant defense pathways in a rat model[J]. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016,2016:5679040.

[39]
SAHIN K, ORHAN C, TUZCU Z, et al. Curcumin ameloriates heat stress via inhibition of oxidative stress and modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in quail[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2012, 50(11):4035-4041.

DOI PMID

[40]
FANG W, TANG L Y, WANG G Z, et al. Molecular hydrogen protects human melanocytes from oxidative stress by activating Nrf2 signaling[J]. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2020, 140(11):2230-2241.e9.

[41]
ZHENG C M, HOU Y C, LIAO M T, et al. Potential role of molecular hydrogen therapy on oxidative stress and redox signaling in chronic kidney disease[J]. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2024,176:116802.

[42]
QI D D, DING M Y, WANG T, et al. The therapeutic effects of oral intake of hydrogen rich water on cutaneous wound healing in dogs[J]. Veterinary Sciences, 2021, 8(11):264.

[43]
CAIRO P L G, GOIS F D, SBARDELLA M, et al. Effects of dietary supplementation of red pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius raddi) essential oil on performance,small intestinal morphology and microbial counts of weanling pigs[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2018, 98(2):541-548.

[44]
MONTAGNE L, PLUSKE J R, HAMPSON D J. A review of interactions between dietary fibre and the intestinal mucosa,and their consequences on digestive health in young non-ruminant animals[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2003, 108(1/2/3/4):95-117.

[45]
GE L, YANG M, YANG N N, et al. Molecular hydrogen:a preventive and therapeutic medical gas for various diseases[J]. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(60):102653-102673.

[46]
YADAV S, JHA R. Strategies to modulate the intestinal microbiota and their effects on nutrient utilization,performance,and health of poultry[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2019, 10(1):2.

[47]
刘梓嘉, 姜雪, 仪杨, 等. 氢气与肠道菌群的关系研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2022, 12(6):847-852.

DOI

LIU Z J, JIANG X, YI Y, et al. Research progress on the relationship between hydrogen and intestinal flora[J]. Current biotechnology, 2022, 12(6):847-852. (in Chinese)

DOI

[48]
XIE G J, LIU Z L, WANG J, et al. Effect of hydrogen-rich water on gut microbiota in mice with high-fat diet[J/OL]. Research Square, 2021:1-8(2021-06-16)[2024-04-01].https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-606685/v1.

[49]
LEE T T, CHOU C H, WANG C, et al. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae feed supplements improve growth performance and gut mucosal architecture with modulations on cecal microbiota in red-feathered native chickens[J]. Animal Bioscience, 2022, 35(6):869-883.

[50]
COSTA M C, BESSEGATTO J A, ALFIERI A A, et al. Different antibiotic growth promoters induce specific changes in the cecal microbiota membership of broiler chicken[J]. PLoS One, 2017, 12(2):e0171642.

[51]
ELOKIL A A, CHEN W, MAHROSE K, et al. Early life microbiota transplantation from highly feed-efficient broiler improved weight gain by reshaping the gut microbiota in laying chicken[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022,13:1022783.

[52]
SHANG Y, KUMAR S, OAKLEY B, et al. Chicken gut microbiota:importance and detection technology[J]. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2018,5:254.

[53]
REDONDO E A, REDONDO L M, BRUZZONE O A, et al. Effects of a blend of chestnut and quebracho tannins on gut health and performance of broiler chickens[J]. PLoS One, 2022, 17(1):e0254679.

[54]
ARUWA C E, PILLAY C, NYAGA M M, et al. Poultry gut health-microbiome functions,environmental impacts,microbiome engineering and advancements in characterization technologies[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2021, 12(1):119.

[55]
XIA Y, KONG J, ZHANG G B, et al. Effects of dietary supplementation with lysozyme on the structure and function of the cecal microbiota in broiler chickens[J]. PLoS One, 2019, 14(6):e0216748.

[56]
YIN Z C, JI S Y, YANG J T, et al. Cecal microbial succession and its apparent association with nutrient metabolism in broiler chickens[J]. mSphere, 2023, 8(3):e0061422.

[57]
BIASATO I, FERROCINO I, DABBOU S, et al. Black soldier fly and gut health in broiler chickens:insights into the relationship between cecal microbiota and intestinal mucin composition[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2020,11:11.

Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉

京ICP备17050989号-2
Copyright © Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, All Rights Reserved.
Tel: 010－62817823　E-mail: cjan@vip.163.com
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co., Ltd.