Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2025 , Vol. 37 >Issue 1: 320 - 329

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2025.028

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Meat Quality, Antioxidant Capacity and Its Enrichment in Muscle of Bian Chickens

  • GAO Tengfei , 1 ,
  • YANG Xin 1 ,
  • LI Yali 2 ,
  • ZHANG Yuan 1 ,
  • HUANG Yunwei 1 ,
  • CHEN Yaping 1 ,
  • GUO Yan 3 ,
  • SUN Tianyuan 3 ,
  • ZHANG Junzhen , 1, *
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  • 1 College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
  • 2 Shanxi Province Pu County Modern Agriculture Development Center, Linfen 041200, China
  • 3 Shanxi Nongkang Xintuo Technology Development Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030000, China
* associate professor, E-mail:

Received date: 2024-07-05

  Online published: 2025-01-10

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Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different supplementation levels of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, meat quality, antioxidant capacity and its enrichment in muscle of Bian chickens. A total of 360 90-day-old male Bian chickens with similar body weight were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 12 chickens per replicate. Chickens in the control group were fed a basal diet supplemented with 2.0% soybean oil, and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% CLA replacing the soybean oil in equal amounts, respectively. The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days and the experimental period lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of Bian chickens in all experimental groups was significantly or extremely significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the ratio of feed to gain (F/G) in 0.5% CLA group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the pH in breast muscle of Bian chickens in 1.5% CLA group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the muscle fiber diameter of breast muscle was significantly decreased (P<0.05); the diameter and area of breast muscle fibers in 2.0% CLA group were significantly increased (P<0.05); and the diameter and area of leg muscle fibers in 0.5% and 1.5% CLA groups were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01). 3) Compared with the control group, the serum triglyceride content of Bian chickens in 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% CLA groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content in 1.5% and 2.0% CLA groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol content in 1.0% and 1.5% CLA groups was extremely significantly increased (P<0.01). 4) Compared with the control group, different supplementation levels of CLA extremely significantly increased the CLA content in breast muscle and leg muscle of Bian chickens (P<0.01), and the enrichment reached the highest in 1.5% CLA group. 5) Compared with the control group, the serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of Bian chickens in all experimental groups was significantly increased (P<0.05); the serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in 1.5% CLA group was extremely significantly increased (P<0.01), the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly decreased (P<0.05); meanwhile, the T-AOC as well as activities of GSH-Px, SOD and catalase (CAT) in breast and leg muscles in 1.5% CLA group were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01), while the MDA content in breast and leg muscles was extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01). In conclusion, dietary CLA supplementation can decrease ADFI and F/G, regulate lipid metabolism, increase muscle CLA enrichment, improve meat quality and enhance antioxidant capacity of Bian chickens. Under the conditions of this experiment, the optimal supplemental level of CLA in the diet for Bian chickens is 1.5%.

Key words： conjugated linoleic acid; Bian chickens; growth performance; serum biochemical indices; meat quality; antioxidant capacity

Cite this article

GAO Tengfei , YANG Xin , LI Yali , ZHANG Yuan , HUANG Yunwei , CHEN Yaping , GUO Yan , SUN Tianyuan , ZHANG Junzhen . Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Meat Quality, Antioxidant Capacity and Its Enrichment in Muscle of Bian Chickens[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2025 , 37(1) : 320 -329 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2025.028

边鸡作为肉蛋兼用型的优良地方品种鸡,主要分布于我国内蒙古地区和山西北部,具有肉质好、适应性强以及耐粗饲等特点[1-2]。共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)是一类含有共轭双键的十八碳二烯酸异构体混合物[3],属于多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA)。CLA具有广泛的生物学功能,如参与脂质代谢、调节脂肪沉积、降低胆固醇以及抗氧化等[4⇓⇓-7]。刘光芒等[8]研究发现,饲粮中添加2.0% CLA可显著提高肉鸭生长速度和平均日增重。王琪等[5]研究指出,饲粮中添加1.5% CLA可极显著提高猪肌肉pH,显著提高肉色评分,并极显著降低肉色黄度(b*)值。石水云等[9]研究发现,饲粮中添加CLA可减少黄羽肉鸡的腹部脂肪沉积,改善肉品质。Ramiah等[10]报道,在科宝肉鸡饲粮中添加CLA可显著提高胸肌CLA含量,添加5% CLA可显著降低血浆总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量。Zhang等[11]研究指出,饲粮中添加10 g/kg CLA可以提高爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡肝脏、血清和肌肉超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,并降低丙二醛(MDA)含量。Liu等[12]研究发现,在AA肉鸡饲粮中添加CLA可显著提高胸肌和腿肌CLA含量,表明鸡肉是CLA富集的理想选择。目前,CLA在家禽中研究甚少,且大多是关于快大型白羽肉鸡的研究,在边鸡上的研究尚未见报道。因此,本试验通过在饲粮中添加不同水平CLA,研究其对边鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、肉品质和抗氧化能力以及其在肌肉中富集的影响,为CLA在边鸡上的应用和生产功能性鸡肉提供参考。

1 材料与方法

本研究所有试验程序和动物试验方案均经山西农业大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(批准号:SXAU-EAW-2020C.QO.007012193)。

1.1 试验材料

试验所用CLA为市售产品,纯度为80.6%。

1.2 试验设计和饲粮

试验选取360只体重相近的90日龄边鸡公鸡,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组在基础饲粮中添加2.0%大豆油,试验组在对照组饲粮基础上分别以0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%的CLA等量替代大豆油。预试期7 d,正试期42 d。
基础饲粮参照《鸡饲养标准》(NY/T 33—2004)[13]配制,其组成及营养成分见表1。其中,饲粮粗蛋白质、钙、总磷和氨基酸含量分别按照国家标准GB/T 6432—2018、GB/T 6436—2018、GB/T 6437—2018和GB/T 18246—2019测定,饲粮代谢能参考《中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2020年第31版)》计算。试验期间,试验鸡自由采食和饮水。
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) %

项目Items 含量Content
原料Ingredients
玉米Corn 61.00
豆粕Soybean meal 25.70
棉籽粕Cottonseed meal 5.00
鱼粉Fish meal 2.00
大豆油Soybean oil 2.00
石粉Limestone 1.50
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 1.50
氯化钠NaCl 0.30
预混料Premix1) 1.00
合计Total 100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels2)
代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) 12.30
粗蛋白质CP 19.44
钙Ca 0.93
总磷TP 0.67
赖氨酸Lys 1.07
蛋氨酸Met 0.40

1)每千克预混料含有 One kilogram of the premix contained the following:VA 15 mg,VD 80 000 IU,VE 8 000 mg,VK 50 mg,VB12 0.3 mg,VB1 130 mg,VB2 180 mg,VB5 1 000 mg,VB3 2 000 mg,VB6 300 mg,生物素 biotin 10 mg,叶酸 folic acid 25 mg,胆碱 choline 900 mg,Fe 6 000 mg,Cu 600 mg,Zn 4 000 mg,Mn 4 000 mg,I 35 mg,Se 30 mg。

2)代谢能为计算值,其余为测定值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values.

1.3 测定指标及方法

1.3.1 生长性能

试验预试期结束后,记录边鸡空腹(禁食12 h)时的体重为初始体重;正试期结束后,记录边鸡空腹时的体重为终末体重。试验期间,记录各重复饲粮的给料量和剩余料量。计算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)。计算公式如下:
ADFI=(给料量-剩余料量)/试验鸡数/试验天数;
ADG=(终末体重-初始体重)/试验鸡数/试验天数;
F/G=ADFI/ADG。

1.3.2 血清生化指标

正试期结束时,每组每个重复随机选取2只边鸡,在空腹时进行翅静脉采血,静置30 min后在866.88×g下离心15 min,分离血清并放置于-20 ℃冰箱保存。采用南京建成生物工程研究所生产的试剂盒测定血清TC、甘油三酯(TG)、LDL-C和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量,测定步骤严格按照试剂盒说明书进行。

1.3.3 肉品质

边鸡采血后采用颈静脉放血法处死,采集胸肌和腿肌组织,放置于4和-80 ℃冰箱中保存。采用pH测定仪(pH-STAR,Matthäus,德国)测定胸肌和腿肌pH;采用肉色测定仪(OPTO-STAR,Matthäus,德国)测定肌肉肉色,包括亮度(L*)、红度(a*)和b*值。

1.3.4 肌纤维结构

取约1 cm3的胸肌和腿肌组织于固定液中固定,然后制成石蜡切片,并将制好的组织切片进行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,使用ImageJ软件进行分析。在显微镜(BK-FL,重庆奥特光学仪器有限责任公司)下观察每张切片,并随机选取5个视野进行拍照保存,测量其肌纤维直径和面积,取平均值。

1.3.5 肌肉CLA富集量

将保存在-80 ℃冰箱中的胸肌和腿肌取部分肌肉组织置于真空冷冻干燥机(SCIENTZ-12N,宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司)中冻干。称取50 mg肌肉组织冻干粉,采用气相色谱法测定胸肌和腿肌CLA含量。

1.3.6 血清和肌肉抗氧化指标

采用南京建成生物工程研究所生产的试剂盒测定血清和肌肉总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、CAT活性以及MDA含量。

1.4 数据统计分析

试验数据采用SPSS 26.0软件进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),并采用Duncan氏法进行多重比较及线性和二次效应分析,结果数据以“平均值±标准差”形式表示,P<0.05表示差异显著,P<0.01表示差异极显著。

2 结果

2.1 CLA对边鸡生长性能的影响

由表2可知,与对照组相比,各试验组边鸡终末体重均降低,其中2.0% CLA组极显著降低(P<0.01);各试验组边鸡ADFI均显著降低(P<0.05),其中0.5%、1.0%和2.0% CLA组达到极显著水平(P<0.01);随着CLA添加水平的提高,边鸡终末体重和ADFI呈线性和二次效应(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,0.5% CLA组边鸡F/G显著降低(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加CLA对边鸡ADG无显著影响(P>0.05)。
表2 CLA对边鸡生长性能的影响

Table 2 Effects of CLA on growth performance of Bian chickens

项目
Items		 CLA添加水平CLA supplemental levels/% P值P-value
0(对照Control) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 方差分析
ANOVA		 线性
Linear		 二次
Quadratic
初始体重
Initial BW/g		 1 098.23
±34.06		 1 104.55
±58.86		 1 087.12
±47.46		 1 077.53
±31.38		 1 037.37
±50.98		 0.449 0.073 0.140
终末体重
Final BW/g		 1 781.99
±34.06Aa		 1 765.63
±58.86Aa		 1 711.24
±47.46ABa		 1 712.15
±31.38ABa		 1 589.25
±50.98Bb		 0.003 <0.001 0.001
平均日采食量
ADFI/g		 74.79
±7.62Aa		 56.34
±1.74BCbc		 57.05
±4.17BCbc		 64.03
±2.90ABb		 51.25
±4.12Cc		 0.001 0.013 0.030
平均日增重
ADG/g		 16.28
±0.67		 15.74
±0.81		 14.86
±4.02		 15.11
±0.87		 13.14
±1.31		 0.336 0.044 0.120
料重比
F/G		 4.59
±0.28a		 3.43
±0.41b		 4.04
±1.14ab		 4.25
±0.25ab		 3.91
±0.24ab		 0.034 0.658 0.630

同行数据肩标无字母或相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。下表同。

In the same row, values with no letter or the same small letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01). The same as below.

2.2 CLA对边鸡肉品质和肌纤维结构的影响

由表3可知,与对照组相比,1.5% CLA组边鸡胸肌pH显著提高(P<0.05)。1.0% CLA组腿肌L*值显著高于0.5%和1.5% CLA组(P<0.05),与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲粮中添加CLA对边鸡胸肌肉色以及腿肌pH、a*值和b*值均无显著影响(P>0.05)。
表3 CLA对边鸡肉品质的影响

Table 3 Effects of CLA on meat quality of Bian chickens

项目
Items		 CLA添加水平CLA supplemental levels/% P值P-value
0(对照Control) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 方差分析
ANOVA		 线性
Linear		 二次
Quadratic
胸肌Breast muscle
pH 5.83±0.04b 6.25±0.50ab 6.05±0.20ab 6.50±0.05a 6.11±0.04ab 0.040 0.067 0.071
肉色
Meat color		 亮度L* 50.16±1.24 49.93±1.33 50.98±3.22 50.63±4.18 46.97±1.73 0.399 0.483 0.248
红度a* -0.82±2.11 0.14±2.56 -0.60±0.50 -0.19±2.27 1.79±2.25 0.584 0.632 0.195
黄度b* 7.97±2.67 7.42±2.06 7.21±0.25 6.96±2.22 9.29±1.68 0.626 0.701 0.786
腿肌Leg muscle
pH 6.30±0.04 6.61±0.35 6.43±0.10 6.63±0.20 6.63±0.06 0.407 0.059 0.007
肉色
Meat color		 亮度L* 47.90±1.15ab 44.89±2.85b 51.30±0.44a 44.19±1.34b 45.64±5.11ab 0.023 0.361 0.142
红度a* 6.05±2.15 6.70±4.93 3.79±1.63 6.51±2.88 5.46±3.39 0.805 0.211 0.121
黄度b* 7.02±5.79 10.41±1.32 7.44±3.43 8.13±2.47 9.12±2.52 0.756 0.094 0.217
由表4可知,与对照组相比,1.5% CLA组边鸡胸肌肌纤维直径显著降低(P<0.05),2.0% CLA组胸肌肌纤维直径显著提高(P<0.05);2.0% CLA组胸肌肌纤维面积极显著提高(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,0.5%和1.5% CLA组边鸡腿肌肌纤维直径和面积均极显著降低(P<0.01),2.0% CLA组腿肌肌纤维直径显著提高(P<0.05)。
表4 CLA对边鸡肌肉肌纤维结构的影响

Table 4 Effects of CLA on muscle fiber structure of Bian chickens

项目
Items		 CLA添加水平CLA supplemental levels/% P值P-value
0(对照Control) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 方差分析
ANOVA		 线性
Linear		 二次
Quadratic
胸肌Breast muscle
肌纤维直径
Muscle fiber
diameter/μm		 43.94
±9.99ABb		 43.53
±6.73ABbc		 43.31
±5.49ABbc		 39.35
±4.02Bc		 48.17
±7.75Aa		 0.002 0.726 0.558
肌纤维面积
Muscle fiber
area/μm2		 1 373.75
±433.51Bb		 1 327.99
±263.31Bb		 1 453.15
±295.16Bb		 1 279.85
±292.30Bb		 1 782.68
±433.51Aa		 <0.001 0.276 0.345
腿肌Leg muscle
肌纤维直径
Muscle fiber
diameter/μm		 57.33
±2.12ABb		 49.82
±2.21CDc		 55.55
±3.23BCb		 48.84
±5.40Dc		 62.82
±5.36Aa		 <0.001 0.654 0.418
肌纤维面积
Muscle fiber
area/μm2		 2 772.96
±187.36Aa		 1 836.22
±227.02Bb		 2 631.09
±358.19Aa		 1 807.59
±224.85Bb		 2 845.82
±412.92Aa		 <0.001 0.929 0.626

2.3 CLA对边鸡血清生化指标的影响

由表5可知,与对照组相比,各试验组边鸡血清TG含量均降低,其中0.5%、1.0%和1.5% CLA组达到显著水平(P<0.05);1.5%和2.0% CLA组血清LDL-C含量显著降低(P<0.05);1.0%和1.5% CLA组血清HDL-C含量极显著提高(P<0.01)。饲粮中添加CLA对边鸡血清TC含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。
表5 CLA对边鸡血清生化指标的影响

Table 5 Effects of CLA on serum biochemical indices of Bian chickens mmol/L

项目
Items		 CLA添加水平CLA supplemental levels/% P值P-value
0(对照Control) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 方差分析
ANOVA		 线性
Linear		 二次
Quadratic
甘油三酯TG 0.82±0.01a 0.52±0.11b 0.54±0.04b 0.48±0.01b 0.64±0.25ab 0.033 0.431 0.108
总胆固醇TC 3.01±0.10 2.60±0.17 2.62±0.50 2.25±0.59 2.61±0.48 0.448 0.210 0.217
低密度脂蛋白
胆固醇
LDL-C		 1.87±0.23a 1.51±0.15ab 1.55±0.13ab 1.22±0.31b 1.38±0.28b 0.039 0.079 0.167
高密度脂蛋白
胆固醇
HDL-C		 1.48±0.29Cb 1.77±0.07BCb 2.27±0.09ABa 2.42±0.12Aa 1.77±0.21BCb 0.001 0.393 0.168

2.4 CLA对边鸡肌肉CLA富集量的影响

由表6可知,与对照组相比,饲粮中添加不同水平CLA均极显著提高边鸡胸肌和腿肌CLA含量(P<0.01),且均在1.5% CLA组富集量达到最高。同时,随着CLA添加水平的提高,边鸡胸肌和腿肌CLA富集量均呈线性和二次效应(P<0.05)。
表6 CLA对边鸡肌肉CLA富集量的影响

Table 6 Effects of CLA on CLA enrichment in muscle of Bian chickens ×10 mg/kg

项目
Items		 CLA添加水平CLA supplemental levels/% P值P-value
0(对照Control) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 方差分析
ANOVA		 线性
Linear		 二次
Quadratic
胸肌Breast muscle 26.99±0.16E 70.61±0.61C 45.99±0.56D 128.52±0.78A 107.85±0.43B <0.001 <0.001 0.001
腿肌Leg muscle 21.37±0.75E 50.89±0.64C 40.18±0.29D 100.72±1.15A 86.80±0.49B <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

2.5 CLA对边鸡抗氧化能力的影响

2.5.1 CLA对边鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响

由表7可知,与对照组相比,1.5% CLA组边鸡血清T-AOC极显著提高(P<0.01),血清SOD活性显著提高(P<0.05);各试验组血清GSH-Px活性均显著提高(P<0.05),且在0.5%、1.0%和1.5% CLA组达到极显著水平(P<0.01);0.5%和1.5% CLA组血清MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加CLA对边鸡血清CAT活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。
表7 CLA对边鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响

Table 7 Effects of CLA on serum antioxidant indices of Bian chickens

项目
Items		 CLA添加水平CLA supplemental levels/% P值P-value
0(对照Control) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 方差分析
ANOVA		 线性
Linear		 二次
Quadratic
总抗氧化能力
T-AOC/(U/mL)		 0.30
±0.00Bbc		 0.31
±0.03Bbc		 0.22
±0.08Bc		 0.53
±0.04Aa		 0.36
±0.05Bb		 0.003 0.429 0.781
超氧化物歧化酶
SOD/(U/mL)		 223.13
±79.16b		 269.90
±8.54ab		 274.50
±73.82ab		 334.31
±33.63a		 298.53
±46.85ab		 0.043 0.079 0.175
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶
GSH-Px/(U/mL)		 1 190.91
±47.14Cd		 1 784.85
±72.85ABb		 1 657.58
±64.28Bb		 1 936.36
±30.00Aa		 1 384.85
±4.29Cc		 <0.001 0.645 0.223
过氧化氢酶
CAT/(U/mL)		 1.27
±0.59		 1.10
±0.22		 1.45
±0.13		 1.19
±0.98		 1.20
±0.51		 0.954 0.923 0.931
丙二醛
MDA/(nmol/mL)		 4.05
±0.50a		 2.47
±0.29b		 3.63
±0.20ab		 2.31
±0.30b		 3.17
±1.09ab		 0.016 0.494 0.646

2.5.2 CLA对边鸡肌肉抗氧化指标的影响

由表8可知,与对照组相比,1.5% CLA组边鸡胸肌T-AOC极显著提高(P<0.01),1.5%和2.0% CLA组胸肌SOD活性极显著提高(P<0.01),0.5%、1.0%和1.5% CLA组胸肌GSH-Px和CAT活性均极显著提高(P<0.01),1.5% CLA组胸肌MDA含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。随着CLA添加水平的提高,边鸡胸肌SOD、GSH-Px和CAT活性呈二次效应(P<0.05)。
表8 CLA对边鸡胸肌抗氧化指标的影响

Table 8 Effects of CLA on antioxidant indices in breast muscle of Bian chickens

项目
Items		 CLA添加水平CLA supplemental levels/% P值P-value
0(对照Control) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 方差分析
ANOVA		 线性
Linear		 二次
Quadratic
总抗氧化能力
T-AOC/(U/mg prot)		 2.56±0.01Bb 2.43±0.01Bb 2.44±0.10Bb 2.99±0.18Aa 2.55±0.11Bb <0.001 0.220 0.481
超氧化物歧化酶
SOD/(U/mg prot)		 1.38±0.77Bb 2.37±0.49Bb 2.54±0.63Bb 7.01±0.67Aa 6.45±0.78Aa <0.001 0.842 <0.001
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶
GSH-Px/(U/mg prot)		 29.54±1.03D 32.79±0.75C 35.16±0.04B 40.58±1.04A 23.05±0.43E <0.001 0.658 0.003
过氧化氢酶
CAT/(U/mg prot)		 25.09±0.37Bb 29.06±0.34Aa 29.57±0.41Aa 29.64±0.51Aa 25.33±1.18Bb <0.001 0.806 <0.001
丙二醛
MDA/(nmol/mg prot)		 6.61±0.01D 7.30±0.08B 7.83±0.08A 5.94±0.05E 7.14±0.03C <0.001 0.823 0.642
由表9可知,与对照组相比,各试验组边鸡腿肌T-AOC均极显著提高(P<0.01);1.0%、1.5%和2.0% CLA组腿肌SOD和GSH-Px活性均极显著提高(P<0.01);0.5%、1.0%和1.5% CLA组腿肌CAT活性极显著提高(P<0.01),腿肌MDA含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。随着CLA添加水平的提高,边鸡腿肌T-AOC和SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性以及MDA含量呈线性和二次效应(P<0.05)。
表9 CLA对边鸡腿肌抗氧化指标的影响

Table 9 Effects of CLA on antioxidant indices in leg muscle of Bian chickens

项目
Items		 CLA添加水平CLA supplemental levels/% P值P-value
0(对照Control) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 方差分析
ANOVA		 线性
Linear		 二次
Quadratic
总抗氧化能力
T-AOC/(U/mg prot)		 2.45±0.07Cc 2.86±0.01Bb 2.93±0.09Bb 3.18±0.02Aa 2.98±0.15ABb <0.001 0.001 <0.001
超氧化物歧化酶
SOD/(U/mg prot)		 3.50±0.85Cc 4.76±0.89BCbc 9.06±0.81Aa 9.49±1.53Aa 6.53±0.52Bb <0.001 0.011 0.006
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶
GSH-Px/(U/mg prot)		 29.50±0.96Cc 26.46±0.27Dd 37.02±1.75Bb 40.20±0.74Aa 36.66±0.21Bb <0.001 0.001 0.003
过氧化氢酶
CAT/(U/mg prot)		 25.39±0.28Cc 28.36±0.73Bb 30.53±0.57Aa 30.72±0.62Aa 26.05±0.83Cc <0.001 0.009 <0.001
丙二醛
MDA/(nmol/mg prot)		 7.16±0.02Bb 7.04±0.05Cc 6.74±0.05Dd 6.69±0.05Dd 8.13±0.03Aa <0.001 0.113 <0.001

3 讨论

3.1 CLA对边鸡生长性能的影响

目前,CLA对动物生长性能影响的研究结果有所不同。Suksombat等[14]研究发现,在21日龄AA肉鸡饲粮中添加1.5% CLA可显著降低ADG,对ADFI无显著影响。Ramiah等[10]在180日龄科宝肉鸡饲粮中添加不同水平CLA发现,添加5.0% CLA显著降低了ADG,添加2.5% CLA显著提高了ADFI。本试验结果发现,在边鸡饲粮中添加不同水平CLA均显著降低ADFI,添加0.5% CLA显著降低F/G,但对ADG无显著影响,这与前人研究结果有所差异,可能是由于边鸡为优良地方品种,其生理特点与快大型白羽肉鸡不同,其生长速度慢、饲料效率低、生产周期长、出栏日龄大。本研究表明,饲粮中添加适宜水平CLA可提高边鸡饲料效率。

3.2 CLA对边鸡肉品质和肌纤维结构的影响

CLA可通过调控动物机体肌内脂肪沉积、肌肉发育和肌纤维类型,影响肌肉肉色、嫩度和pH等指标[15]。研究发现,肌纤维直径越小,肌肉嫩度越好;肌纤维面积越大,肌肉持水性越差[16]。Jiang等[17]研究发现,在AA肉鸡饲粮中添加1.0% CLA可显著降低胸肌肉色b*值,对胸肌pH无显著影响。Zhang等[18]在北京油鸡饲粮中添加不同水平CLA发现,添加0.5%~2.0% CLA可显著降低胸肌肉色b*值,对胸肌和腿肌pH以及胸肌肉色L*和a*值无显著影响。本试验结果发现,饲粮中添加1.5% CLA可显著提高边鸡胸肌pH,对胸肌肉色无显著影响,表明CLA可以改善边鸡肉品质。郗艳菊[19]在罗斯308肉鸡饲粮中添加1.2%和1.5% CLA发现,胸肌肌纤维直径和面积极显著降低,这与本试验结果相似,表明饲粮中添加CLA可以提高边鸡肌肉嫩度并改善肉品质,但其作用机理尚不明确,还需进一步研究。

3.3 CLA对边鸡血清生化指标的影响

TC和TG是衡量机体脂质代谢的常用指标;LDL-C可将TC从肝脏转运至全身,其含量过高易引发动脉粥样硬化;而HDL-C可将肝外组织的TC转运回肝脏进行代谢并排出体外[20]。李亚莉等[21]研究发现,贵妃鸡饲粮中添加2.0% CLA可显著降低血清TC、TG和LDL-C含量,添加1.0%和1.5% CLA可显著提高血清HDL-C含量。常强强等[22]研究表明,贵妃鸡饲粮中添加2.0% CLA可显著降低血清TG含量,并显著提高血清HDL-C含量;且添加CLA可极显著降低血清TC和LDL-C含量。本试验结果发现,饲粮中添加0.5%、1.0%和1.5% CLA可显著降低边鸡血清TG含量;添加1.5% CLA可显著降低血清LDL-C含量,并显著提高血清HDL-C含量。有研究表明,CLA通过抑制肉碱棕榈酰转移酶和脂肪酸合成酶活性,以及载脂蛋白B的合成,从而降低血清TG和LDL-C含量[23],这与本试验结果相一致。上述研究结果均表明,饲粮中添加CLA可以改善鸡体血脂代谢。

3.4 CLA对边鸡肌肉CLA富集量的影响

研究表明,CLA可富集在动物肌肉中,提高肌肉和脂肪中CLA含量,改善机体脂肪酸组成[12,24]。郗艳菊等[25]在罗斯308肉鸡饲粮中添加不同水平CLA发现,胸肌CLA富集量呈线性上升趋势。常强强等[22]研究表明,在贵妃鸡饲粮中添加不同水平CLA,蛋黄中CLA富集量并未随饲粮中CLA添加水平的提高而持续增加,在添加水平为2.0%时富集量达到最高;且当添加水平大于2.0%时,其富集量显著降低。本研究发现,饲粮中添加不同水平CLA可极显著提高边鸡肌肉中CLA富集量,且添加水平为1.5%时边鸡胸肌和腿肌组织中CLA富集量最高。上述研究结果表明,饲粮中添加CLA可显著富集在鸡肉中,提高鸡肉品质。

3.5 CLA对边鸡抗氧化能力的影响

肉鸡体内脂质含量相对较高,易发生脂质过氧化从而对机体造成伤害[26]。SOD、GSH-Px和CAT活性是衡量机体抗氧化能力的重要指标,MDA含量则反映机体脂质过氧化的程度[27]。李亚莉等[21]研究发现,饲粮中添加CLA可极显著降低贵妃鸡血清和肌肉MDA含量,且贵妃鸡血清和肌肉T-AOC以及SOD和CAT活性随CLA添加水平的提高而提高。Jiang等[18]研究表明,在AA肉鸡饲粮中添加1.0% CLA可显著提高血清、胸肌和肝脏SOD活性,并显著降低血清和胸肌MDA含量。本试验结果与前人试验结果基本一致,饲粮中添加1.5% CLA可显著或极显著提高边鸡血清、胸肌和腿肌T-AOC以及SOD和GSH-Px活性,极显著提高胸肌和腿肌CAT活性,并显著降低MDA含量。齐晓龙[23]研究发现,CLA可以激活核因子-κB(NF-κB)或核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)信号通路,调控抗氧化酶基因的表达,从而增强抗氧化酶的活性。上述研究结果表明,CLA可以提高肉鸡血清和肌肉中抗氧化酶活性,抑制肌肉脂质过氧化,从而增强机体抗氧化能力。

4 结论

① 饲粮中添加CLA可以降低边鸡ADFI和F/G,调节脂质代谢。
② 饲粮中添加CLA可以提高边鸡肌肉CLA富集量,改善肌肉脂肪酸组成和肌纤维结构,提高肉品质。
③ 饲粮中添加CLA可以提高边鸡血清和肌肉组织抗氧化能力。
④ 边鸡饲粮中CLA适宜添加水平为1.5%。

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