Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2025 , Vol. 37 >Issue 1: 365 - 374

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2025.032

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Its Postbiotics with High-Load Selenium on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Serum Lipid Indexes, Antioxidant Capacity and Breast Muscle Quality of Meat Ducks

  • SONG Jiaxue , 1 ,
  • WANG Baowei , 1, * ,
  • ZHANG Ming’ai 2 ,
  • FAN Wenlei 2 ,
  • YAN Huihui 1 ,
  • WANG Binghan 3 ,
  • TAN Shaoxing 2 ,
  • BAI Chuning 2
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  • 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
  • 2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
  • 3 Qingdao Huihe Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266109, China
* professor, E-mail:

Received date: 2024-07-18

  Online published: 2025-01-10

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Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and its postbiotics with high-load selenium on growth performance, slaughter performance, serum lipid indexes, antioxidant capacity and breast muscle quality of meat ducks. A total of 180 healthy one-day-old male Beijing ducks with similar weight were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 6 ducks in each replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, group Ⅰ was fed a diet supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial liquid, group Ⅱ was fed a diet supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum with high-load selenium bacterial liquid, group Ⅲ was fed a diet supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum with high-load selenium postbiotics, group Ⅳ was fed a diet supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum with high-load selenium bacterial cells, and the probiotic addition amount was 0.3%. The experiment period was 42 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, the average daily gain (ADG) during 22 to 42 days of age and 1 to 42 days of age of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed to gain ratio (F/G) was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the semi-eviscerated rate of groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the dressed percentage of group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) content of group Ⅲ was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, the serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity of group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P<0.05). 5) Compared with the control group, the breast muscle pH of group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P<0.05), the breast muscle redness (a*) value of group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the breast muscle cooking loss of group Ⅳ was significantly decreased (P<0.05). To sum up, adding Lactobacillus plantarum and its postbiotics with high-load selenium into the diet can improve the growth performance, slaughter performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity and meat quality of meat ducks.

Key words： Lactobacillus plantarum with high-load selenium; postbiotics; meat ducks; growth performance; slaughtering performance; antioxidant; meat quality

Cite this article

SONG Jiaxue , WANG Baowei , ZHANG Ming’ai , FAN Wenlei , YAN Huihui , WANG Binghan , TAN Shaoxing , BAI Chuning . Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Its Postbiotics with High-Load Selenium on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Serum Lipid Indexes, Antioxidant Capacity and Breast Muscle Quality of Meat Ducks[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2025 , 37(1) : 365 -374 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2025.032

近年来,随着国家农业农村部禁抗政策的出台,筛选用于畜禽养殖新型保健益生菌制剂,对畜禽产业发展具有重大意义。研究表明,益生菌可提高肉鸭生长性能,增强肉鸭免疫功能,调节肉鸭肠道菌群生态平衡[1]。植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)作为无芽孢兼性厌氧菌,在医药、食品、畜牧业等方面具有重要的应用价值,对禽类的生长具有促进作用,可提高生长性能以及调节肠道健康[2]。后生元是益生菌代谢产物[3],能够保持动物机体健康、调节肠道微生态、促进营养物质的吸收与利用、提高养殖效益等[4]。硒是人体及动物机体必需的微量元素之一,具有抗氧化、提高免疫力等功效[5]。近年来,基于微生物作为载体将无机硒转变为有机硒或纳米硒已有大量研究[6]。骆先虎等[7]研究发现,在肉鸭饲粮中加入酵母硒对肉鸭生长、饲料转化率等方面均有较大改善,可显著降低料重比(F/G)。刘华伟等[8]研究表明,饲喂10 g/kg植物乳杆菌P-8菌粉能够改善肉鸡生长性能,对肉鸡的生长具有显著的促进作用。邱榕生等[9]研究发现,有机硒可提高血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和肝脏的总抗氧化力(T-AOC),降低肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量。目前,有关高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元对肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、血清脂质指标、抗氧化能力及肉品质方面的研究甚少,且高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元在畜禽养殖方面的效果对比未见报道。因此,本试验在肉鸭饲粮中分别添加植物乳杆菌发酵液、高负载硒植物乳杆菌发酵液、高负载硒植物乳杆菌后生元及高负载硒植物乳杆菌菌体,旨在探究其对肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、血清脂质指标、抗氧化能力及胸肌肉品质的影响,为研发新型畜禽微生态制剂提供技术支撑。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

植物乳杆菌由青岛农业大学优质水禽研究所提供,采用本菌制备的高负载硒植物乳杆菌保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(保藏编号为CGMCC NO.30182,活菌数为1×109 CFU/mL)。

1.2 试验设计

动物试验由青岛农业大学动物科技学院批准,审批编号为DKY20230604。
选取1日龄体重[(58.33±1.74) g]相近的雄性北京鸭商品代肉鸭180只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅰ组饲喂添加植物乳杆菌菌液的饲粮,Ⅱ组饲喂添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌菌液的饲粮,Ⅲ组饲喂添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌后生元的饲粮,Ⅳ组饲喂添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌菌体的饲粮,饲粮中益生菌活菌数为1×109 CFU/mL,添加量为0.4%[10]。试验期为42 d。基础饲粮组成及营养水平见表1。
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) %

项目Items 含量Content
原料Ingredients
玉米Corn 64.18
豆粕Soybean meal 23.75
豆油Soybean oil 5.00
菊花梗粉Chrysanthemum stalks powder 3.25
石粉Limestone 1.33
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 1.53
DL-蛋氨酸DL-methionine 0.17
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-lysine·HCl 0.06
色氨酸Tryptophan 0.01
维生素预混料Vitamin premix1) 0.10
微量元素预混料Trace element premix2) 0.15
食盐NaCl 0.30
氯化胆碱Choline chloride 0.07
防霉剂Fungicide 0.10
合计Total 100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels3)
代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) 13.07
粗脂肪EE 7.68
粗纤维CF 3.24
粗蛋白质CP 16.65
钙Ca 1.04
总磷TP 0.59
蛋氨酸Met 0.42
赖氨酸Lys 0.95
苏氨酸Thr 0.61
色氨酸Trp 0.22

1)维生素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Vitamin premix provided the following per kg of the diet: VA 12 000 IU,VB1 3 mg,VB2 8 mg,VB6 7 mg,VB12 0.3 mg,VD3 2 500 IU,VE 20 mg,VK3 3 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.5 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 50 mg,生物素 biotin 0.1 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 20 mg。

2)微量元素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Trace element premix provided the following per kg of the diet: I (as potassium iodide) 0.6 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 110 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 9 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 100 mg。

3)粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗蛋白质为实测值;其余为计算值,参照《肉鸭饲养标准》(NY/T 2122—2012)。EE, CF and CP were measured values; while the rest were calculated values, based on Feeding Standard of Meat Ducks (NY/T 2122—2012).

1.3 饲养管理

饲养前对饲养场所和设备彻底清洗和消毒。试验肉鸭采用舍饲笼养,每笼6只。饲养时使用粉状饲料,自由采食和饮水,育雏期舍内相对湿度维持在55%~65%,温度维持在27~31 ℃,23 h照明。

1.4 采集样品与指标测定

1.4.1 饲粮营养成分

粗脂肪含量参照GB/T 6433—2006进行测定[11],粗纤维含量参照GB/T 6434—2006进行测定[12],粗蛋白质含量参照GB/T 6432—2018进行测定[13]。

1.4.2 生长性能

分别在试验开始(1日龄)、试验中期(21日龄)、试验结束(42日龄)时记录每个重复的采食量、空腹鸭重,计算1~21日龄、21~42日龄及1~42日龄平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和F/G。

1.4.3 屠宰性能

参考《家禽生产性能名词术语和度量计算方法》(NY/T 823—2020)测定屠宰性能。在试验结束时,每个重复随机选出2只肉鸭,颈部放血,解剖取样,称重并测定屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率、腹脂率。

1.4.4 血清脂质指标和抗氧化指标

颈静脉采血10 mL,保存于乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)管中,1 581×g离心20 min,将上清取出分装并保存在-40 ℃冰箱内。血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)含量采用比色法进行测定;T-AOC采用ABTS法测定;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性采用钼酸铵法测定;总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性采用羟胺法测定;MDA含量采用TBA法测定;GSH-Px活性采用比色法测定。所用试剂盒均购自南京建成生物工程研究所。

1.4.5 胸肌肉品质

屠宰时,取肉鸭的右胸胸肌进行肉品质的测定。用pH计在胸肌不同部位分别测定3次,计算出平均值。用色差仪测定3个不同部位的亮度(L*)、红度(a*)、黄度(b*)值,并计算3个不同部位的平均值。在同一块胸肌上剪下肉条,大小尺寸为4 cm×2 cm×2 cm,并称出重量,计算滴水损失[滴水损失(%)=100×(初始重量-24 h后重量)/初始重量]和蒸煮损失[蒸煮损失(%)=100×(初始重量-蒸煮后重量)/初始重量]。取右侧胸肌肉样,使用质构仪测定剪切力。

1.5 统计分析

使用SPSS 23.0软件对试验数据进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),采用Duncan氏多重比较法检验差异显著性,试验数据用平均值和均值标准误(SEM)表示,P<0.05表示差异显著。

2 结果与分析

2.1 高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元对肉鸭生长性能的影响

由表2可知,与对照组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组22~42日龄ADG显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组22~42日龄F/G显著降低(P<0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ组1~42日龄ADG显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组1~42日龄F/G显著降低(P<0.05)。
表2 高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元对肉鸭生长性能的影响

Table 2 Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and its postbiotics with high-load selenium on growth performance of meat ducks

项目
Items		 组别Groups SEM P值
P-value
对照Control Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
1~21日龄1 to 21 days of age
平均日增重ADG/(g/d) 28.68 29.77 29.86 31.46 30.18 0.47 0.55
平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) 60.15 62.91 60.74 61.94 60.34 1.08 0.95
料重比F/G 2.10 2.11 2.03 1.99 2.00 0.04 0.88
22~42日龄22 to 42 days of age
平均日增重ADG/(g/d) 61.17b 68.29ab 71.52a 72.04a 68.53ab 1.34 0.04
平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) 165.67 161.33 156.77 164.19 151.46 4.10 0.86
料重比F/G 2.71a 2.36b 2.18b 2.28b 2.20b 0.06 0.03
1~42日龄1 to 42 days of age
平均日增重ADG/(g/d) 45.37b 49.03ab 50.88a 51.81a 49.35ab 0.75 0.04
平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) 113.81 112.12 108.76 111.35 106.23 1.98 0.83
料重比F/G 2.51a 2.29ab 2.13b 2.15b 2.15b 0.05 0.04

同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。

In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below.

2.2 高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元对肉鸭屠宰性能的影响

由表3可知,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组屠宰率显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组半净膛率显著升高(P<0.05)。各组之间全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率无显著差异(P>0.05)。这说明饲粮中添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元能够改善肉鸭屠宰性能,且效果优于普通植物乳杆菌。
表3 高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元对肉鸭屠宰性能的影响

Table 3 Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and its postbiotics with high-load selenium on slaughter performance of meat ducks %

项目
Items		 组别Groups SEM P值
P-value
对照Control Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
屠宰率Dressed percentage 85.61b 87.27ab 89.84a 87.32ab 85.67b 0.46 0.01
全净膛率Eviscerated rate 73.11 73.76 75.62 76.24 75.60 0.40 0.07
半净膛率Semi-eviscerated rate 76.93b 78.72ab 80.11a 81.23a 81.00a 0.49 0.03
胸肌率Breast muscle rate 9.06 9.20 9.79 9.79 9.05 0.26 0.82
腿肌率Leg muscle rate 10.98 11.23 12.63 12.33 11.56 0.27 0.26
腹脂率Abdominal fat rate 0.65 0.64 0.57 0.60 0.52 0.05 0.92

2.3 高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元对肉鸭血清脂质指标的影响

由表4可知,与对照组相比,Ⅲ组血清LDL-C含量显著降低(P<0.05)。各组之间血清TC、HDL-C、TG含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。这说明饲粮中添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌后生元能够改善肉鸭脂类代谢,效果优于普通植物乳杆菌、高负载硒植物乳杆菌菌液及高负载硒植物乳杆菌菌体。
表4 高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元对肉鸭血清脂质指标的影响

Table 4 Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and its postbiotics with high-load selenium on serum lipid indexes of meat ducks mmol/L

项目
Items		 组别Groups SEM P值
P-value
对照Control Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
总胆固醇TC 10.33 10.53 9.15 8.64 8.92 0.31 0.18
甘油三酯TG 0.59 0.58 0.54 0.51 0.57 0.03 0.88
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LDL-C 2.77a 2.32ab 2.51ab 2.04b 2.55a 0.08 0.04
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇HDL-C 5.58 5.51 5.56 5.26 5.49 0.15 0.97

2.4 高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元对肉鸭血清抗氧化指标的影响

由表5可知,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组血清T-SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅲ组血清GSH-Px活性显著升高(P<0.05)。各组之间血清T-AOC、CAT活性和MAD含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。这说明饲粮中添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元能够提高肉鸭抗氧化能力。
表5 高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元对肉鸭血清抗氧化指标的影响

Table 5 Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and its postbiotics with high-load selenium on serum antioxidant indexes of meat ducks

项目
Items		 组别Groups SEM P值
P-value
对照Control Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(mmol/L) 0.38 0.51 0.43 0.46 0.70 0.04 0.08
过氧化氢酶CAT/(U/mL) 1.49 1.51 1.54 1.98 1.65 0.23 0.97
总超氧化物歧化酶T-SOD/(U/mL) 179.33b 188.82ab 200.84a 183.06b 178.68b 2.56 0.02
丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) 1.61 1.88 1.49 1.73 1.49 0.08 0.54
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/mL) 532.90b 533.71b 565.27ab 604.06a 529.17b 9.17 0.02

2.5 高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元对肉鸭胸肌肉品质的影响

由表6可知,与对照组相比,Ⅲ组胸肌a*值显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅱ组胸肌pH显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅳ组胸肌蒸煮损失显著降低(P<0.05)。各组之间胸肌L*、b*值及滴水损失无显著差异(P>0.05)。这说明饲粮中添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元能够改善肉鸭肉品质,其效果优于普通植物乳杆菌。
表6 高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元对肉鸭胸肌肉品质的影响

Table 6 Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and its postbiotics with high-load selenium on breast muscle quality of meat ducks

项目
Items		 组别Groups SEM P值
P-value
对照Control Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
pH 6.16b 6.33ab 6.56a 6.41ab 6.27b 0.04 0.02
亮度L* 33.11 31.43 32.86 31.92 31.89 0.38 0.65
红度a* 7.87bc 8.40abc 8.97ab 9.20a 7.56c 0.21 0.04
黄度b* 7.49 7.42 7.04 7.33 7.13 0.16 0.91
滴水损失Drip loss/% 2.30 2.04 2.09 2.23 1.88 0.14 0.90
蒸煮损失Cooking loss/% 31.47a 29.56ab 27.87ab 26.15ab 24.25b 0.84 0.04
剪切力Shear force/N 7.33 7.12 7.10 6.32 6.91 0.73 0.99

3 讨论

3.1 高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元对肉鸭生长性能的影响

多项研究表明,饲粮中添加益生菌有利于提高畜禽的ADG,降低F/G[14-15];在肉鸡养殖中添加微量元素硒可以提高肉鸡生长性能[16];但关于植物乳杆菌和硒联合使用对肉鸭生长性能的影响鲜有报道。易先国[17]研究表明,饲粮中添加10 mg/kg热灭活植物乳杆菌可以提高42日龄肉鸡的ADG,降低F/G。谢全喜等[18]研究发现,对肉鸡饲喂植物乳杆菌制剂可在25日龄后起到提高肉鸡ADG、降低F/G的作用。梁海威等[19]研究表明,饲粮中添加1.6‰植物乳杆菌组在攻毒与未攻毒试验中均可不同程度地改善肉鸡的生长性能,提高22~42日龄肉鸡ADG,降低F/G。张伟明等[20]研究显示,在饲粮中添加不同浓度的硒均能提高笼养蛋雏鸡的生长性能,当硒添加量在0.15~0.20 mg/kg时,笼养蛋雏鸡的生长性能达到最高。植物乳杆菌具有促进消化功能、改善肠道的益生特性,硒可以在体内产生的氧化还原反应中清除体内的活性氧,提高蛋白质合成,促进机体的生长发育[20]。本试验结果表明,1~21日龄各组肉鸭生长性能差异不显著,21~42日龄Ⅱ、Ⅲ组ADG显著升高,F/G显著降低,与上述报道结果一致,这是植物乳杆菌与硒共同作用结果。饲粮中添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌发酵液、高负载硒植物乳杆菌后生元对肉鸭生长性能的效果均优于饲粮中添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌纯菌体,说明后生元对肉鸭生长性能具有促进作用。

3.2 高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元对肉鸭屠宰性能的影响

屠宰性能是评价畜禽肉用性能的重要指标之一,能直接、形象地反映动物机体的产肉量及肉品质[21]。黄金华等[22]研究表明,饲粮中添加含有植物乳杆菌的复合益生菌可以提高肉鸡的半净膛率。黄金贵等[23]研究显示,饲粮中添加600 g/t植物乳杆菌后生元可以提高肉鸡的屠宰率和半净膛率。Rajashree等[24]研究表明,饲粮硒添加水平在0.25~0.50 mg/kg时对肉鸡屠宰性能无显著影响。杨志勇[25]比较不同硒源对肉鸡屠宰性能的影响发现,不同硒源对屠宰率、全净膛率、腹脂率、胸肌率和腿肌率均无显著影响。Humam等[26]的研究结果同样显示,饲喂不同植物乳杆菌后生元对热应激肉鸡的胸肌率和腿肌率无显著影响。本研究结果表明,饲粮中添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌菌液及其后生元均可提高半净膛率,添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌菌液可提高屠宰率,其原因可能是植物乳杆菌菌液及其后生元对提高肉鸭的屠宰性能有积极作用,具体影响机制有待进一步研究。

3.3 高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元对肉鸭血清脂质指标的影响

研究发现,植物乳杆菌代谢产物中含有抗胆固醇因子[27]。马嘉月等[28]在塔里木鸽饲粮中添加1.2%植物乳杆菌+0.24%丁酸梭菌,发现血清LDL-C含量显著下降。王泽明[29]的研究结果表示,在蛋鸡饲粮中添加不同硒源可以降低血液中TG、TC和LDL-C含量。本试验研究结果与上述结果一致,Ⅲ组血清LDL-C含量与对照组相比显著降低,血清TG、TC、HDL-C含量也都有下降趋势。硒能够调节脂蛋白营养,推测这就是高负载硒植物乳杆菌使血清中LDL-C含量降低的原因之一。

3.4 高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元对肉鸭血清抗氧化指标的影响

超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、GSH-Px和CAT是构成细胞中抗氧化防御水平的重要抗氧化酶,负责自由基的解毒,维持家禽抗氧化防御和氧化还原平衡[30]。Jing等[31]研究表明,饲喂含有机硒的饲粮可以提高蛋鸡血液中GSH-Px和T-SOD活性。姜毅峰等[32]研究表明,在饲粮中添加纳米硒可以提高肉鸡胸肌T-SOD和GSH-Px活性。徐大海等[33]通过在肉鸡饲粮中添加植物乳杆菌后生元,发现35日龄血清GSH-Px、T-SOD活性显著升高。本试验结果表明,饲粮中添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌可以提高肉鸭血清T-SOD活性,添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌后生元可以提高血清GSH-Px活性,说明硒的添加改善了肉鸭抗氧化特性,提高了肉鸭抗氧化能力。

3.5 高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元对肉鸭胸肌肉品质的影响

喻婷等[34]研究表明,肉鸭饲养过程中添加益生菌能够增加鸭肉的pH。硒是家禽体内重要的抗氧化剂,能够有效改善肉品质[32]。Wang等[35]研究表明,在肉鸡饲粮中添加酵母硒能够显著提高肌肉pH。本研究表明,饲粮中添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌能够提高肉鸭胸肌pH,与前人研究结果一致。马艳华等[36]研究表明,饲粮中添加植物乳杆菌可以提高鸡肉a*值,降低蒸煮损失,这与本试验结果基本一致。Oliveira等[37]研究发现,在肉鸡饲粮中添加不同硒源对肌肉剪切力无显著影响。本试验表明,饲粮中添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌能够有效改善鸭肉品质,添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌后生元能达到相同效果。

4 结论

饲粮中添加0.4%的高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元(益生菌活菌数为1×109 CFU/mL)均可提高肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能,改善脂类代谢,提高抗氧化能力,改善肉品质。饲粮中添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌后生元和高负载硒植物乳杆菌菌液的生物效果基本一致,二者均优于常规植物乳杆菌和高负载硒植物乳杆菌菌体。

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