1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计与饲粮
表1 燕麦草和茵陈蒿的营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Nutrition levels of oatmeal hay and Artemisia capillaris Thunb. (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 干物质 DM | 粗脂肪 EE | 粗蛋白质 CP | 中性洗 涤纤维 NDF | 酸性洗 涤纤维 ADF | 粗灰分 Ash | 钙 Ca | 磷 P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 燕麦草 Oatmeal hay | 92.87 | 4.23 | 8.61 | 68.85 | 38.7 | 4.84 | 0.34 | 0.27 |
| 茵陈蒿 Artemisia capillaris Thunb. | 94.07 | 4.66 | 8.23 | 62.17 | 36.1 | 5.19 | 0.26 | 0.13 |
表2 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | WW5 | WW10 | WW20 | ||||||
| 原料Ingredients | |||||||||
| 玉米Corn | 16.6 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 16.6 | |||||
| 小麦麸Wheat bran | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | |||||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | |||||
| 干酒糟及其可溶物DDGS | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | |||||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |||||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |||||
| 碳酸钙CaCO3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |||||
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| 花生秧Peanut straw | 35.0 | 35.0 | 35.0 | 35.0 | |||||
| 玉米秸秆Maize straw | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | |||||
| 燕麦草Oatmeal hay | 24.5 | 19.5 | 14.5 | 4.5 | |||||
| 茵陈蒿Artemisia capillaris Thunb. | 5.0 | 10.0 | 20.0 | ||||||
| 合计Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||||
| 营养成分Nutrient levels2) | |||||||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 9.36 | 9.36 | 9.35 | 9.34 | |||||
| 干物质DM | 92.24 | 92.30 | 92.36 | 92.47 | |||||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 11.72 | 11.70 | 11.68 | 11.63 | |||||
| 粗灰分Ash | 6.88 | 6.90 | 6.91 | 6.95 | |||||
| 粗脂肪EE | 4.90 | 4.91 | 4.93 | 4.96 | |||||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 47.16 | 46.83 | 46.49 | 45.82 | |||||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 19.15 | 19.01 | 18.86 | 18.56 | |||||
| 钙Ca | 0.73 | 0.72 | 0.72 | 0.71 | |||||
| 磷P | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.27 | |||||
1.3 测定指标与方法
1.3.1 生长性能
1.3.2 营养物质表观消化率与氮代谢
1.3.3 血清生化和免疫指标
1.3.4 瘤胃发酵参数
1.4 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 不同比例茵陈蒿替代饲粮中燕麦草对辽宁绒山羊生长性能的影响
表3 不同比例茵陈蒿替代饲粮中燕麦草对辽宁绒山羊生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of different ratios of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. substituted for oatmeal hay in diets on growth performance of Liaoning cashmere goats |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | WW5 | WW10 | WW20 | |||
| 始重IBW/kg | 27.83 | 26.67 | 27.20 | 26.03 | 2.00 | 0.994 |
| 末重FBW/kg | 30.60 | 29.60 | 30.37 | 29.57 | 2.12 | 0.998 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(kg/d) | 0.83 | 0.75 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.56 | 0.980 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 46.11 | 48.89 | 52.78 | 58.89 | 3.54 | 0.672 |
| 料重比F/G | 18.13 | 15.40 | 15.16 | 13.99 | 0.93 | 0.500 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
Data in the same row with no letter or the same letter on the shoulder indicated no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different lowercase letters on the shoulder indicated significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 不同比例茵陈蒿替代饲粮中燕麦草对辽宁绒山羊营养物质表观消化率的影响
表4 不同比例茵陈蒿替代饲粮中燕麦草对辽宁绒山羊营养物质表观消化率的影响Table 4 Effects of different ratios of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. substituted for oatmeal hay in diets on nutrient apparent digestibility of Liaoning cashmere goats % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | WW5 | WW10 | WW20 | |||
| 干物质DM | 64.46b | 68.33a | 68.94a | 70.80a | 0.77 | 0.011 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 88.38 | 89.62 | 88.99 | 90.64 | 0.41 | 0.291 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 52.41 | 54.61 | 53.66 | 54.36 | 0.79 | 0.785 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 32.56b | 41.62a | 40.28a | 40.56a | 1.27 | 0.023 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 82.94c | 84.74ab | 85.82a | 84.22bc | 0.42 | 0.028 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 62.73 | 61.03 | 63.57 | 62.46 | 1.23 | 0.933 |
2.3 不同比例茵陈蒿替代饲粮中燕麦草对辽宁绒山羊氮代谢的影响
表5 不同比例茵陈蒿替代燕麦草对辽宁绒山羊氮代谢的影响Table 5 Effects of different ratios of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. substituted for oatmeal hay in diets on nitrogen metabolism of Liaoning cashmere goats |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | WW5 | WW10 | WW20 | |||
| 摄入氮Nitrogen intake/(g/d) | 107.46 | 105.03 | 105.62 | 104.06 | 1.05 | 0.764 |
| 粪氮排放量 Fecal nitrogen output/(g/d) | 18.90 | 18.02 | 18.80 | 18.49 | 0.67 | 0.972 |
| 尿氮排放量 Urinary nitrogen output/(g/d) | 45.97 | 44.69 | 45.60 | 46.67 | 0.75 | 0.853 |
| 氮沉积量 Nitrogen retention/(g/d) | 42.30 | 45.32 | 45.41 | 43.22 | 0.86 | 0.548 |
| 氮沉积率 Nitrogen retention rate/% | 38.51 | 41.39 | 42.35 | 41.01 | 0.99 | 0.630 |
2.4 不同比例茵陈蒿替代饲粮中燕麦草对辽宁绒山羊血清生化指标的影响
表6 不同比例茵陈蒿替代饲粮中燕麦草对辽宁绒山羊血清生化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of different ratios of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. substituted for oatmeal hay in diets on serum biochemical indices of Liaoning cashmere goats |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | WW5 | WW10 | WW20 | |||
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 14.81a | 12.81a | 9.71ab | 6.25b | 1.19 | 0.048 |
| 谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) | 28.41 | 28.91 | 27.83 | 26.92 | 0.97 | 0.920 |
| 尿素氮UN/(mmol/L) | 3.01b | 3.02b | 3.30ab | 3.43a | 0.66 | 0.036 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 20.38 | 21.33 | 18.24 | 23.01 | 0.77 | 0.162 |
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 68.76a | 63.81ab | 57.10bc | 59.62c | 1.40 | 0.004 |
2.5 不同比例茵陈蒿替代饲粮中燕麦草对辽宁绒山羊血清免疫指标的影响
表7 不同比例茵陈蒿替代饲粮中燕麦草对辽宁绒山羊血清免疫指标的影响Table 7 Effects of different ratios of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. substituted for oatmeal hay in diets on serum immune indices of Liaoning cashmere goats μg/mL |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | WW5 | WW10 | WW20 | |||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA | 35.21c | 53.24a | 55.92a | 44.91b | 1.97 | <0.001 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG | 15.30 | 15.32 | 15.35 | 15.30 | 0.01 | 0.411 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM | 659.77 | 661.77 | 663.60 | 664.10 | 0.89 | 0.317 |
2.6 不同比例茵陈蒿替代饲粮中燕麦草对辽宁绒山羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响
表8 不同比例茵陈蒿替代饲粮中燕麦草对辽宁绒山羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响Table 8 Effects of different ratios of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. substituted for oatmeal hay in diets on rumen fermentation parameters of Liaoning cashmere goats |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | WW5 | WW10 | WW20 | |||
| pH | 6.98 | 7.11 | 6.93 | 7.20 | 0.07 | 0.530 |
| 乙酸Acetic acid/(mmol/L) | 99.96 | 100.98 | 104.36 | 103.41 | 0.90 | 0.293 |
| 丙酸Propionic acid/(mmol/L) | 57.04b | 74.96a | 79.99a | 58.18b | 3.98 | 0.013 |
| 乙丙比Acetic acid/propionic acid ratio | 1.76a | 1.34b | 1.30b | 1.55a | 0.06 | 0.001 |
| 丁酸Butyric acid/(mmol/L) | 102.06 | 104.19 | 100.56 | 100.75 | 1.71 | 0.923 |
| 戊酸Valproic acid/(mmol/L) | 7.20 | 8.41 | 8.75 | 7.61 | 0.37 | 0.455 |
| 微生物蛋白MCP/(mg/dL) | 37.17b | 42.81a | 43.79a | 44.07a | 1.01 | 0.032 |
| 氨态氮NH3-N/(mg/dL) | 10.92 | 10.00 | 9.68 | 9.59 | 0.44 | 0.747 |
