1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米Corn | 52.33 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 38.79 |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 4.83 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.77 |
| 石粉Limestone | 1.25 |
| 氯化钠NaCl | 0.30 |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met | 0.31 |
| 胆碱Choline | 0.14 |
| 多维Multi-vitamins1) | 0.03 |
| 微量元素预混料Micro-element premix2) | 0.25 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.55 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 21.53 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 1.15 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.60 |
| L-苏氨酸L-Thr | 0.82 |
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.24 |
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.94 |
| 钙Ca | 1.02 |
| 总磷TP | 0.69 |
| 非植酸磷NPP | 0.40 |
| 锌Zn/(mg/kg) | 24.58 |
1)多维为每千克饲粮提供 Multi-vitamins provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 15 000 IU,VD3 3 600 IU,VE 20 IU,VK3 1.0 mg,VB1 2.5 mg,VB2 8 mg,VB6 2.5 mg,VB12 0.015 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 15 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 39 mg,生物素 biotin 0.15 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.5 mg。 2)微量元素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Micro-element premix provided the following per kg of the diet:Fe (FeSO4·7H2O) 40 mg,Mn (MnSO4·H2O) 80 mg,Cu (CuSO4·5H2O) 8 mg,I (KI ) 0.35 mg,Se (NaSeO3) 0.15 mg。 3)代谢能和氨基酸参照《中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2022年第33版)》计算得出,其他指标为实测值。ME and amino acids were calculated with reference to the China Feed Composition and Nutritional Value Table (33rd edition, 2022), while the other indexes were measured values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集
1.5 测定指标及方法
1.5.1 饲粮营养成分
1.5.2 生长性能
1.5.3 血清生化及抗氧化指标
1.5.4 空肠组织形态
1.5.5 空肠黏膜屏障功能相关基因表达
表2 PCR所需引物序列Table 2 Primer sequences used for PCR |
| 基因名称 Gene names | 引物序列 Primers sequence (5'—3') |
|---|---|
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6 | F:CGCCCAGAAATCCCTCCTC R:AGGCACTGAAACTCCTGGTC |
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α | F:AATTTGCAGGCTGTTTCTGC R:TATGAAGGTGGTGCAGATGG |
| 封闭蛋白-1 Claudin-1 | F:TGGAGGATGACCAGGTGAAG R:TGTGAAAGGGTCATAGAAGG |
| 闭锁小带蛋白-1 ZO-1 | F:CAACGTAGTTCTGGCATTATTCG R:GGGCACAGCCTCATTCTCAT |
| 闭合蛋白 Occludin | F:AGACGCGCAGTAAGATCTGG R:GGGCTTCTCCGAGTAGGCAA |
| β-肌动蛋白 β-actin | F:ACTCTGGTGATGGTGTTAC R:GGCTGTGATCTCCTTCTG |
1.6 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 饲粮中添加不同水平蛋氨酸锌对肉雏鸡生长性能的影响
表3 饲粮中添加不同水平蛋氨酸锌对肉雏鸡生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of diet supplemented with different levels of zinc methionine on growth performance of broiler chickens |
| 项目 Items | 蛋氨酸锌添加量(以锌计) Zinc methionine supplemental levels (counted as Zn)/(mg/kg) | P值P-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 1日龄体重BW at 1 days of age/g | 45.99±0.43 | 45.08±0.96 | 44.09±1.36 | 44.69±0.87 | 44.72±1.01 | 0.070 | 0.046 | 0.046 | ||
| 14日龄体重BW at 14 days of age/g | 191.5±16.8Cc | 199.8±18.7Cc | 214.4±23.1BCbc | 249.9±16.8Aa | 238.7±16.2ABab | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.564 | ||
| 21日龄体重BW at 21 days of age/g | 374.1±21.7 | 385.9±18.9 | 396.9±19.1 | 403.2±32.7 | 408.9±15.4 | 0.143 | 0.012 | 0.660 | ||
| 1~14日龄 1 to 14 days of age | 平均日增重ADG/g | 11.92±1.08Cc | 12.74±1.34Cc | 13.81±1.77BCbc | 15.93±1.59Aa | 15.54±1.19ABab | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.570 | |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 24.24±1.62Aa | 21.79±1.41Bb | 22.12±0.22Bb | 21.92±1.03Bb | 20.99±1.00Bb | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.210 | ||
| 料重比F/G | 2.05±0.23Aa | 1.73±0.24Bb | 1.62±0.19BCbc | 1.39±0.20Cc | 1.35±0.10Cc | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.188 | ||
| 15~21日龄 15 to 21 days of age | 平均日增重ADG/g | 16.64±0.97 | 17.35±0.96 | 17.90±1.01 | 18.17±1.50 | 18.47±0.66 | 0.090 | 0.007 | 0.546 | |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 30.86±1.49 | 30.86±1.59 | 30.51±1.32 | 29.98±0.67 | 30.51±1.45 | 0.835 | 0.419 | 0.693 | ||
| 料重比F/G | 1.86±0.09 | 1.78±0.16 | 1.71±0.15 | 1.66±0.15 | 1.65±0.07 | 0.099 | 0.009 | 0.486 | ||
同行数据肩标不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),肩标相同小写字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different capital letter superscripts mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01), and with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same small letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮中添加不同水平蛋氨酸锌对肉雏鸡血清生化指标的影响
表4 饲粮中添加不同水平蛋氨酸锌对肉雏鸡血清生化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of diet supplemented with different levels of zinc methionine on serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens U/L |
| 项目 Items | 蛋氨酸锌添加量(以锌计) Zinc methionine supplemental levels (counted as Zn)/(mg/kg) | P值P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 谷草转氨酶AST | 195.1±19.2 | 178.3±22.5 | 172.6±17.8 | 195.9±38.5 | 176.6±33.3 | 0.298 | 0.531 | 0.514 | |
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT | 0.90±0.85 | 1.10±0.93 | 1.28±1.01 | 0.78±0.54 | 1.14±0.85 | 0.788 | 0.868 | 0.756 | |
| 碱性磷酸酶ALP | 324.5±19.7 | 354.7±26.8 | 350.4±33.6 | 344.8±33.1 | 357.3±33.6 | 0.213 | 0.104 | 0.357 | |
2.3 饲粮中添加不同水平蛋氨酸锌对肉雏鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响
表5 饲粮中添加不同水平蛋氨酸锌对肉雏鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of diet supplemented with different levels of zinc methionine on serum antioxidant indices of broiler chickens |
| 项目 Items | 蛋氨酸锌添加量(以锌计) Zinc methionine supplemental levels (counted as Zn)/(mg/kg) | P值P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 总超氧化物歧化酶T-SOD/(U/mL) | 63.47±7.90b | 63.63±3.08b | 74.49±19.27ab | 77.28±10.64a | 80.38±8.55a | 0.010 | 0.001 | 0.884 | |
| 铜锌超氧化物歧化酶Cu-Zn SOD/(U/mL) | 39.56±3.57Aa | 35.22±4.45Bb | 34.32±3.32Bb | 41.43±4.36Aa | 41.16±4.62Aa | 0.002 | 0.048 | 0.005 | |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 3.57±0.73a | 3.67±0.69a | 3.52±0.54a | 3.31±0.55ab | 2.73±0.34b | 0.021 | 0.003 | 0.075 | |
2.4 饲粮中添加不同水平蛋氨酸锌对肉雏鸡空肠组织形态的影响
表6 饲粮中添加不同水平蛋氨酸锌对肉雏鸡空肠组织形态的影响Table 6 Effects of diet supplemented with different levels of zinc methionine on jejunal morphology of broiler chickens |
| 项目 Items | 蛋氨酸锌添加量(以锌计) Zinc methionine supplemental levels (counted as Zn)/(mg/kg) | P值P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0(对照Control) | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 绒毛高度VH/μm | 883.2±130.3 | 930.6±295.0 | 977.3±343.0 | 1 240.1±297.5 | 1 293.5±254.0 | 0.088 | 0.008 | 0.624 | |
| 隐窝深度CD/μm | 133.3±27.5 | 128.9±22.1 | 139.5±9.0 | 145.1±12.2 | 144.0±7.2 | 0.544 | 0.145 | 0.960 | |
| 绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值VH/CD ratio | 7.1±1.1 | 7.7±2.4 | 7.4±2.6 | 9.2±2.8 | 9.4±1.9 | 0.379 | 0.072 | 0.753 | |
2.5 饲粮中添加不同水平蛋氨酸锌对肉雏鸡空肠黏膜屏障功能相关基因表达的影响
图1 饲粮中添加不同水平蛋氨酸锌对肉雏鸡空肠黏膜屏障功能相关基因表达的影响数据柱标注不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。 Fig.1 Effects of diet supplemented with different levels of zinc methionine on expression of genes associated with barrier function in jejunal mucosa of broiler chickens Data columns with different small letters mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letters mean no significant difference (P>0.05). |
