1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
1.2 试验饲粮
表1 TMR组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the TMR (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米Corn | 23.50 |
| 小麦Wheat | 21.00 |
| 大豆粕Soybean meal | 5.00 |
| 玉米胚芽粕Corn germ meal | 10.00 |
| 稻壳粉Rice husk | 5.00 |
| 花生秧Peanut vine | 31.00 |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 0.60 |
| 石粉Limestone | 1.40 |
| 赖氨酸硫酸盐Lysine·H2SO4(55%) | 0.40 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.50 |
| 碳酸氢钠NaHCO3 | 0.60 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 11.86 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 13.21 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 2.93 |
| 粗纤维CF | 15.35 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 30.89 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 20.07 |
| 酸性洗涤木质素ADL | 4.77 |
| 钙Ca | 0.80 |
| 磷P | 0.37 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 8 000 IU,VD 2 400 IU,VE 30 mg,VK3 3 mg,VB1 3 mg,VB2 8 mg,VB3 10.8 mg,VB5 34 mg,VB6 4 mg,VB7 0.13 mg,VB9 1.4 mg,VB12 0.02 mg,Cu 8.3 mg,Fe 60 mg,Zn 70 mg,Mn 62 mg,Se 0.25 mg,I 0.5 mg。 2)消化能为计算值,其余为实测值。DE was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标与方法
1.4.1 饲粮营养成分
1.4.2 生长性能
1.4.3 血清生化指标
1.4.4 屠宰性能
1.4.5 肉品质
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 不同品系育成期德州驴生长性能的比较
表2 不同品系育成期德州驴生长性能的比较Table 2 Comparison of growth performance of different strains of Dezhou donkeys during growing period |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 三粉驴Sanfen donkeys | 乌头驴Wutou donkeys | |||
| 始重Initial weight/kg | 187.25 | 184.67 | 4.312 | 0.780 |
| 末重Final weight/kg | 221.88 | 230.83 | 4.693 | 0.364 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(kg/d) | 6.55 | 6.70 | 0.037 | 0.116 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 402.62B | 536.82A | 26.346 | 0.004 |
| 料重比F/G | 16.69A | 12.64B | 0.833 | 0.007 |
| 增重效益Gain benefit/[元/(头·d)] | 5.22B | 13.34A | 1.632 | 0.005 |
同行数据肩标无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.01). The same as below. |
2.2 不同品系育成期德州驴血清生化指标的比较
表3 不同品系育成期德州驴血清生化指标的比较Table 3 Comparison of serum biochemical indexes of different strains of Dezhou donkeys during growing period |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 三粉驴Sanfen donkeys | 乌头驴Wutou donkeys | |||
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 4.50 | 6.67 | 0.625 | 0.070 |
| 谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) | 213.50 | 236.17 | 7.681 | 0.154 |
| 碱性磷酸酶ALP/(U/L) | 181.00 | 178.33 | 2.092 | 0.584 |
| 肌酸激酶CK/(U/L) | 155.33 | 184.33 | 23.672 | 0.599 |
| 乳酸脱氢酶LDH/(U/L) | 280.33 | 348.17 | 26.424 | 0.234 |
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 70.58 | 67.73 | 2.011 | 0.541 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 14.97 | 15.52 | 0.223 | 0.256 |
| 尿素氮UN/(mmol/L) | 7.40 | 7.86 | 0.257 | 0.431 |
| 尿酸UA/(mmol/L) | 2.00 | 2.33 | 0.307 | 0.643 |
| 葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) | 4.42 | 4.51 | 0.062 | 0.540 |
| 甘油三酯TG(mmol/L) | 0.67 | 0.74 | 0.102 | 0.772 |
| 总胆固醇TCHO/(mmol/L) | 1.76 | 1.80 | 0.096 | 0.844 |
| 低密度脂蛋白LDL/(mmol/L) | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.014 | 0.471 |
| 高密度脂蛋白HDL/(mmol/L) | 1.24 | 1.31 | 0.071 | 0.681 |
| 钙Ca/(mmol/L) | 4.39 | 4.47 | 0.026 | 0.096 |
| 磷P/(mmol/L) | 2.03 | 1.96 | 0.044 | 0.497 |
2.3 不同品系育成期德州驴屠宰性能的比较
表4 不同品系育成期德州驴屠宰性能的比较Table 4 Comparison of slaughter performance of different strains of Dezhou donkeys during growth period |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 三粉驴Sanfen donkeys | 乌头驴Wutou donkeys | |||
| 宰前活重Live weight before slaughter/kg | 223.50 | 230.83 | 4.438 | 0.435 |
| 胴体重Carcass weight/kg | 128.30 | 130.53 | 3.638 | 0.775 |
| 屠宰率Slaughtering percentage/% | 57.41 | 56.55 | 1.013 | 0.672 |
| 净肉重Net meat weight/kg | 84.41 | 86.17 | 3.391 | 0.810 |
| 净肉率Net meat rate/% | 37.77 | 37.33 | 1.013 | 0.818 |
| 皮重Fur weight/kg | 23.33 | 23.50 | 0.593 | 0.896 |
| 皮重率Fur weight ratio/% | 10.44 | 10.18 | 0.003 | 0.681 |
| 屠宰效益Slaughtering benefit/(元/头) | 10 892.74 | 11 116.23 | 104.790 | 0.492 |
2.4 不同品系育成期德州驴肉品质的比较
表5 不同品系育成期德州驴背最长肌理化特性的比较Table 5 Comparison of physicochemical properties in Longissimus dorsi of Dezhou donkeys of different strains during growing period |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 三粉驴Sanfen donkeys | 乌头驴Wutou donkeys | |||
| 滴水损失Drip loss/% | 1.52 | 1.46 | 0.060 | 0.229 |
| 蒸煮损失Cooking loss/% | 35.00 | 36.79 | 1.544 | 0.936 |
| 剪切力Shear force/N | 86.12 | 85.18 | 0.287 | 0.854 |
| 亮度L* | 29.97 | 29.33 | 0.400 | 0.806 |
| 红度a* | 19.77 | 21.73 | 1.966 | 0.736 |
| 黄度b* | 7.61 | 7.95 | 0.744 | 0.304 |
| pH | 7.05 | 6.82 | 0.151 | 0.891 |
表6 不同品系育成期德州驴肌肉中常规营养成分的比较(鲜样基础)Table 6 Comparison of conventional nutritional components in Longissimus dorsi of Dezhou donkeys of different strains during growing period (fresh sample basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 三粉驴Sanfen donkeys | 乌头驴Wutou donkeys | |||
| 干物质DM | 27.81 | 27.75 | 0.396 | 0.932 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 19.93 | 19.49 | 0.508 | 0.669 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.66 | 3.58 | 0.132 | 0.773 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.021 | 0.956 |
| 有机物OM | 27.05 | 26.98 | 0.390 | 0.929 |
