1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 牧草中维生素A、D、E含量Table 1 Vitamins A, D and E contents in forage |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 维生素A VA | 1 174.42 IU/kg |
| 维生素D VD | 202.43 IU/kg |
| 维生素E VE | 30.87 mg/kg |
表2 精料组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of the concentrate (DM basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 48.50 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 12.00 | ||
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 8.00 | ||
| 米糠Rice bran | 12.50 | ||
| 玉米皮Corn skin | 16.00 | ||
| 食盐NaCl | 1.00 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 2.00 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 12.43 | ||
| 有机物OM | 91.03 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 13.85 | ||
| 粗脂肪EE | 9.22 | ||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 27.45 | ||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 12.73 | ||
| 钙Ca | 0.91 | ||
| 磷P | 0.57 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Premix provided the following per kilogram of the diet: Cu 13 mg, Fe 65 mg, Mn 60 mg, Zn 75 mg, I 0.5 mg, Co 0.3 mg。 2)消化能参照《肉羊营养需要量》(NY/T 816—2021)计算,其余为实测值。DE was calculated according to Nutritional requirements of meat sheep (NY/T 816—2021), while the others were measured values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集
1.5 测定指标与方法
1.5.1 牧草中维生素A、D、E含量
1.5.2 生长性能
1.5.3 营养物质表观消化率
1.5.4 血清指标
1.5.4.1 血清生化指标
1.5.4.2 血清抗氧化及免疫指标
1.6 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 添加不同水平维生素A、D、E对放牧绵羊生长性能的影响
表3 添加不同水平维生素A、D、E对放牧绵羊生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of adding different levels of vitamins A, D and E on growth performance of grazing sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | L | M | H | ||
| 初始体重IBW/kg | 55.43±4.45 | 55.46±5.89 | 55.15±3.33 | 56.19±3.93 | 0.984 |
| 终末体重FBW/kg | 67.28±4.43b | 68.26±5.98a | 68.16±3.30a | 68.90±3.92a | 0.029 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 237.02±3.32b | 255.94±4.78ab | 260.45±4.61a | 254.36±7.15ab | 0.016 |
| 总干物质采食量TDMI/(g/d) | 1 736.84±20.32b | 1 788.90±49.95ab | 1 849.09±29.88a | 1 794.56±43.29ab | 0.036 |
| 料重比F/G | 7.40±0.09a | 6.98±0.17b | 7.05±0.11b | 7.03±0.10b | 0.018 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 添加不同水平维生素A、D、E对放牧绵羊营养物质表观消化率的影响
表4 添加不同水平维生素A、D、E对放牧绵羊营养物质表观消化率的影响Table 4 Effects of adding different levels of vitamins A, D and E on nutrient apparent digestibility of grazing sheep % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | L | M | H | ||
| 干物质DM | 68.40±4.42b | 72.41±7.72a | 73.85±4.53a | 73.33±2.82a | 0.014 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 64.41±3.74b | 67.47±3.71a | 67.89±5.55a | 68.22±2.94a | 0.047 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 62.87±2.43b | 65.51±3.18a | 65.88±3.43a | 66.30±4.61a | 0.017 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 51.75±2.96 | 51.51±1.81 | 52.32±2.64 | 52.15±2.70 | 0.425 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 25.08±3.43 | 25.09±2.57 | 24.78±3.34 | 24.91±3.41 | 0.355 |
| 钙Ca | 68.59±1.05b | 71.59±1.36a | 71.04±2.91a | 72.47±3.24a | 0.028 |
| 磷P | 58.64±1.24b | 61.71±3.08a | 62.14±2.47a | 61.48±2.58a | 0.039 |
2.3 添加不同水平维生素A、D、E对放牧绵羊血清生化指标的影响
表5 添加不同水平维生素A、D、E对放牧绵羊血清生化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of adding different levels of vitamins A, D and E on serum biochemical indices of grazing sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | L | M | H | ||
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 70.50±4.76b | 72.53±5.79ab | 74.54±5.50a | 73.27±2.33ab | 0.036 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 32.56±1.37b | 35.59±1.12ab | 38.01±1.43a | 37.36±1.61a | 0.028 |
| 球蛋白GLB/(g/L) | 37.94±5.35 | 36.94±5.78 | 36.53±5.20 | 35.91±2.26 | 0.366 |
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 11.81±1.87a | 11.64±3.46a | 10.66±3.03b | 11.23±1.85a | 0.040 |
| 谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) | 57.54±8.75a | 57.16±18.51a | 56.24±15.24b | 56.77±10.37ab | 0.032 |
| 碱性磷酸酶ALP/(mmol/L) | 62.00±2.32b | 62.71±2.50ab | 63.64±3.44a | 62.84±2.73ab | 0.025 |
| 尿素氮UN/(mmol/L) | 9.36±1.82a | 8.84±1.44ab | 7.14±1.18b | 7.76±1.56ab | 0.041 |
| 葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) | 2.75±0.72 | 2.94±0.67 | 2.83±0.62 | 2.92±0.37 | 0.442 |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 0.35±0.03 | 0.38±0.08 | 0.33±0.06 | 0.36±0.05 | 0.745 |
| 总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L) | 1.56±0.28 | 1.48±0.16 | 1.45±0.37 | 1.42±0.27 | 0.580 |
2.4 添加不同水平维生素A、D、E对放牧绵羊血清抗氧化指标的影响
表6 不同水平维生素A、D、E对放牧绵羊血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of adding different levels of vitamins A, D and E on serum antioxidant indices of grazing sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | L | M | H | ||
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mL) | 295.78±7.12b | 301.40±13.85b | 320.73±11.10a | 318.38±11.45a | 0.017 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 62.61±2.76c | 68.53±3.93b | 76.46±2.41a | 74.20±3.94ab | 0.038 |
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mL) | 5.45±0.50b | 6.81±0.30ab | 7.53±0.74a | 7.47±0.41ab | 0.048 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 15.07±0.53a | 14.63±0.42a | 13.05±0.20b | 13.70±0.98ab | 0.025 |
2.5 添加不同水平维生素A、D、E对放牧绵羊血清免疫指标的影响
表7 不同水平维生素A、D、E对放牧绵羊血清免疫指标的影响Table 7 Effects of adding different levels of vitamins A, D and E on serum immune indices of grazing sheep |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | L | M | H | ||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(μg/mL) | 27.19±1.05b | 29.29±1.11ab | 31.91±0.89a | 29.82±1.04ab | 0.028 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(μg/mL) | 1 353.67±49.78b | 1 394.62±52.73b | 1 474.80±50.01a | 1 459.59±56.96a | 0.032 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(μg/mL) | 12.03±0.47b | 12.37±0.26b | 13.03±0.37a | 12.18±0.38b | 0.019 |
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α/(pg/mL) | 848.62±25.08a | 814.84±32.19ab | 793.03±43.76b | 824.36±37.24ab | 0.023 |
| 白细胞介素-2 IL-2/(pg/mL) | 138.48±5.39b | 146.09±5.69a | 146.85±6.16a | 146.48±6.35a | 0.041 |
| 白细胞介素-4 IL-4/(pg/mL) | 121.99±8.17b | 137.52±10.83ab | 157.84±5.35a | 150.27±14.90a | 0.012 |
