1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.1.1 主要试剂
1.1.2 样品来源
1.1.3 菌株和试验动物
1.2 试验方法
1.2.1 乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定
1.2.2 生长曲线测定
1.2.3 耐酸、耐胆盐试验
1.2.4 表面疏水性与自凝集试验
1.2.5 抑菌试验
1.2.6 抗生素敏感性试验
表1 药敏片种类、含药量及抑菌圈直径判断标准Table 1 Standard about inhabitation zone diameter and species and drug loading of susceptibility discs |
| 抗生素 Antibiotics | 含药量 Drug loading/ (μg/片) | 抑菌圈直径判断标准 Standard about inhabitation zone diameter/mm | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 耐药R | 中介I | 敏感S | ||
| 阿莫西林Amoxicillin | 10 | ≤13 | 14~17 | ≥18 |
| 羧苄西林Carbenicillin | 100 | ≤19 | 20~22 | ≥23 |
| 呱拉西林Piperacillin | 100 | ≤17 | 18~20 | ≥21 |
| 苯唑西林Oxacillin | 1 | ≤10 | 11~12 | ≥13 |
| 新霉素Neomycin | 30 | ≤12 | 13~16 | ≥17 |
| 庆大霉素Gentamicin | 100 | ≤12 | 13~14 | ≥15 |
| 氟苯尼考Florfenicol | 30 | ≤12 | 13~17 | ≥18 |
| 多西环素Doxycycline | 30 | ≤12 | 13~15 | ≥16 |
| 头孢氨苄Cephalexin | 30 | ≤14 | 15~17 | ≥18 |
| 头孢拉定Cefradine | 30 | ≤14 | 15~17 | ≥18 |
| 头孢他啶Ceftazidime | 30 | ≤14 | 15~17 | ≥18 |
| 头孢呋辛Cefuroxime | 30 | ≤14 | 15~17 | ≥18 |
| 头孢哌酮Cefoperazone | 75 | ≤15 | 16~20 | ≥21 |
| 氧氟沙星Ofloxacin | 5 | ≤12 | 13~15 | ≥16 |
1.2.7 溶血试验
1.2.8 体内安全性评价
1.2.9 统计学分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 分离纯化结果
2.2 生理生化鉴定结果
表2 部分菌株糖发酵试验结果Table 2 Results of saccharide fermentation test of some strains |
| 菌株编号 Strain numbers | 纤维二糖 Fibrous disaccharides | 麦芽糖 Maltose | 甘露醇 Mannitol | 水杨苷 Salicin | 山梨醇 Sorbitol | 蔗糖 Sucrose | 棉子糖 Cotton candy | 菊糖 Inulin | 乳糖 Lactose |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L2 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| L3 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| L4 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| L5 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| L7 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| L11 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| L13 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| L21 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| L22 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| L24 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
表3 部分菌株生理生化试验结果Table 3 Results of physiological and biochemical tests of some strains |
| 菌株编号 Strain numbers | 明胶 Gelatin | 吲哚 Indole | 硫化氢 Hydrogen sulfide | 硝酸盐肉汤 Nitrate broth | 过氧化氢 Hydrogen peroxide | 产酸 Acid production | 产气 Gas production | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L2 | + | - | - | - | - | + | - | ||||||||
| L3 | + | - | - | - | - | + | - | ||||||||
| L4 | + | - | - | - | - | + | - | ||||||||
| L5 | + | - | - | - | - | + | - | ||||||||
| L7 | + | - | - | - | - | + | - | ||||||||
| L11 | + | - | - | - | - | + | - | ||||||||
| L13 | + | - | - | - | - | + | - | ||||||||
| L21 | + | - | - | - | - | + | - | ||||||||
| L22 | + | - | - | - | - | + | - | ||||||||
| L24 | + | - | - | - | - | + | - |
2.3 乳酸菌产酸能力
表4 乳酸菌终末pH和乳酸含量Table 4 Lactic acid bacteria terminal pH and lactate content |
| 菌株编号 Strain numbers | 乳酸含量 Content of lactic acid/(mmol/L) | 终末pH Terminal pH | 菌株编号 Strain numbers | 乳酸含量 Content of lactic acid/(mmol/L) | 终末pH Terminal pH | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L1 | 84.65±3.76 | 4.05±0.00 | L19 | 92.16±5.72 | 4.05±0.01 | |
| L2 | 84.65±5.74 | 3.98±0.00 | L20 | 73.96±4.28 | 4.02±0.01 | |
| L3 | 87.33±5.08 | 3.99±0.02 | L21 | 143.76±21.79 | 4.01±0.01 | |
| L4 | 112.87±11.66 | 4.00±0.00 | L22 | 139.90±14.42 | 4.00±0.01 | |
| L5 | 140.50±7.99 | 4.01±0.02 | L23 | 109.31±3.94 | 4.02±0.00 | |
| L6 | 93.86±2.05 | 4.09±0.00 | L24 | 93.86±2.18 | 4.00±0.01 | |
| L7 | 156.24±11.38 | 4.00±0.00 | L25 | 115.54±7.04 | 4.02±0.01 | |
| L8 | 94.75±6.29 | 4.02±0.01 | L26 | 102.18±12.79 | 4.02±0.01 | |
| L9 | 90.89±3.08 | 4.05±0.01 | L27 | 103.37±2.50 | 4.05±0.01 | |
| L10 | 74.55±6.99 | 4.05±0.01 | L28 | 128.61±2.87 | 4.02±0.01 | |
| L11 | 141.68±13.96 | 4.02±0.01 | L29 | 116.14±6.33 | 4.02±0.00 | |
| L12 | 87.92±3.57 | 4.02±0.01 | L30 | 135.15±7.21 | 4.04±0.01 | |
| L13 | 131.58±6.24 | 4.01±0.01 | L31 | 118.81±5.37 | 4.07±0.02 | |
| L14 | 103.66±6.89 | 4.26±0.00 | L32 | 98.61±14.31 | 4.04±0.01 | |
| L15 | 117.33±11.54 | 4.02±0.01 | L33 | 90.30±2.44 | 4.04±0.01 | |
| L16 | 101.58±6.43 | 4.18±0.01 | L34 | 92.08±5.13 | 4.02±0.00 | |
| L17 | 101.58±2.71 | 4.01±0.01 | L35 | 105.15±5.02 | 4.02±0.00 | |
| L18 | 106.63±6.08 | 4.05±0.01 |
2.4 分子生物学鉴定结果
表5 乳酸菌的鉴定结果Table 5 Identification results of lactic acid bacteria |
| 菌株编号 Strain numbers | 菌种名称 Strain name | 拉丁文名称 Latin name | 同源性 Homology/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| L2 | 唾液乳杆菌 | Ligilactobacillus salivarius | 100.00 |
| L3 | 唾液乳杆菌 | Ligilactobacillus salivarius | 100.00 |
| L4 | 唾液乳杆菌 | Ligilactobacillus salivarius | 100.00 |
| L5 | 唾液乳杆菌 | Ligilactobacillus salivarius | 100.00 |
| L7 | 唾液乳杆菌 | Ligilactobacillus salivarius | 100.00 |
| L11 | 唾液乳杆菌 | Ligilactobacillus salivarius | 100.00 |
| L13 | 唾液乳杆菌 | Ligilactobacillus salivarius | 100.00 |
| L21 | 唾液乳杆菌 | Ligilactobacillus salivarius | 99.93 |
| L22 | 唾液乳杆菌 | Ligilactobacillus salivarius | 100.00 |
| L24 | 唾液乳杆菌 | Ligilactobacillus salivarius | 97.23 |
2.5 生长曲线
2.6 耐酸、耐胆盐试验结果
图3 乳酸菌的耐酸、耐胆盐能力A:乳酸菌耐酸能力;B:乳酸菌耐胆盐能力。数据柱标记不同字母表示差异显著 (P<0.05),下图同。 Fig.3 Acid tolerance and bile salt tolerance of lactic acid bacteria A: acid tolerance of lactic acid bacteria; B: bile salt tolerance of lactic acid bacteria. Data columns with different letters indicated significant difference (P<0.05), the same as below. |
2.7 表面疏水性与自凝集试验结果
2.8 对主要肠道致病菌的抑菌性能
表6 抑菌圈直径Table 6 Inhibition zone diameters mm |
| 菌株编号 Strain numbers | 指示菌Indicator bacteria | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 大肠杆菌 Escherichia coli | 金黄色葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus aureus | 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 Salmonella typhimurium | |
| L2 | 13.392±0.138 | 13.216±0.038 | 13.137±0.205 |
| L3 | 12.219±0.146 | 14.475±0.150 | 12.453±0.171 |
| L4 | 11.561±0.157 | 13.384±0.851 | 12.516±0.242 |
| L5 | 11.837±0.122 | 13.831±0.348 | 11.959±0.195 |
| L7 | 12.771±0.135 | 12.497±0.576 | 12.296±0.163 |
| L11 | 12.162±0.203 | 11.188±0.007 | 11.343±0.253 |
| L13 | 12.005±0.156 | 9.736±0.146 | 12.917±0.367 |
| L21 | 13.199±0.161 | 11.905±0.355 | 13.323±0.351 |
| L22 | 13.113±0.171 | 8.789±0.088 | 12.567±0.331 |
| L24 | 11.909±0.103 | 12.815±0.148 | 12.979±0.277 |
| MRS | 7 | 7 | 7 |
2.9 抗生素敏感性试验结果
表7 抗生素敏感性试验结果Table 7 Results of antibiotic susceptibility test |
| 抗生素 Antibiotics | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L7 | L11 | L13 | L21 | L22 | L24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 阿莫西林Amoxicillin | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| 羧苄西林Carbenicillin | S | S | I | S | I | S | S | S | S | S |
| 呱拉西林Piperacillin | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| 苯唑西林Oxacillin | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 新霉素Neomycin | R | I | R | R | R | R | R | I | I | R |
| 庆大霉素Gentamicin | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 氟苯尼考Florfenicol | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| 多西环素Doxycycline | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| 头孢氨苄Cephalexin | I | I | I | S | I | S | S | S | S | S |
| 头孢拉定Cefradine | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| 头孢他啶Ceftazidime | I | I | I | S | I | I | S | I | S | S |
| 头孢呋辛Cefuroxime | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| 头孢哌酮Cefoperazone | S | S | I | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| 氧氟沙星Ofloxacin | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
R表示菌株对抗生素耐药,I表示菌株对抗生素中度敏感,S表示菌株对抗生素敏感。 | |
R indicates that strain is resistant to antibiotics, I indicates that strain is moderately sensitive to antibiotics, and S indicates that strain is sensitive to antibiotics. |
