1 材料与方法
1.1 八角茴香有效活性成分的筛选
1.2 八角茴香活性成分靶点的获取以及“八角茴香活性成分-作用靶点”网络关系的构建
1.3 子宫内膜炎相关靶点的获取及蛋白互作(PPI)网络的构建
1.4 基因本体(GO)功能富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书数据库(KEGG)信号通路富集分析
1.5 活性成分与关键靶点的分子对接验证
2 结果与分析
2.1 八角茴香有效活性成分的筛选
表1 八角茴香的有效活性成分Table 1 Active ingredients of star anise |
| 项目 Items | 编号 Number | 中文名称 Chinese name | 英文名称 English name | 口服生物 利用度 OB/% | 类药性 DL | 水溶性 Water solubility | 简化分子线性输入规范 Simplified molecular input line entry specification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 萜类 Terpenoids | BH01 | 白桦酸酯 | Mairin | 55.38 | 0.78 | 不溶于水 | CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5 (CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2) C)C)(C)C)O)C)C(=O)O |
| 黄酮类 Flavonoids | BH02 | 木犀草素 | Luteolin | 36.16 | 0.25 | 微溶于热水 | C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC (=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2) O)O)O)O |
| BH03 | 山柰酚 | Kaempferol | 41.88 | 0.24 | 微溶于水 | C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C (C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2) O)O)O)O | |
| BH04 | 儿茶素 | (+)-Catechin | 54.83 | 0.24 | 易溶于水 | C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21) O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O | |
| BH05 | 槲皮素 | Quercetin | 46.43 | 0.28 | 不溶于水 | C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C (=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2) O)O)O)O)O |
分子ID来源于TCMSP数据库。 | |
The molecular IDs are derived from the TCMSP database. |
2.2 八角茴香活性成分-潜在作用靶点网络的构建
图1 八角茴香活性物质-潜在作用靶点网络图仅列出degree排名前10的靶点名称 list only the top 10 target names in degree values ranking。LEP:瘦素 leptin; ESR1:雌激素受体1 estrogen receptor 1; APP:淀粉样前体蛋白 amyloid-beta precursor protein; IKBKG:核因子κB激酶调节亚基γ抑制因子 NF-kappa-B essential modulator; JAK2:酪氨酸蛋白激酶 JAK2 tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2; ADAM10:解整合素金属蛋白酶10 disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10; NFKBIA:核因子κB抑制因子α NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha; ARHGEF2:Rho 鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子2 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2; ANXA1:膜联蛋白A1 annexin A1; IL10:白细胞介素10 interleukin 10。 Fig.1 Network diagram of star anise active ingredients-potential targets |
2.3 子宫内膜炎靶点的获取及靶点预测
图2 八角茴香活性成分靶点与子宫内膜炎靶点韦恩图Fig.2 Venn diagram of active ingredient targets of star anise and endometritis targets |
表2 八角茴香活性成分对应子宫内膜炎交集靶点Table 2 Active ingredients of star anise corresponds to endometritis targets |
| 成分 Components | 靶点 Targets | 靶点全称Full names of targets | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 英文English | 中文Chinese | ||
| BH02/03/04/5 | LEP | Leptin | 瘦素 |
| BH02/03/04/05 | ESR1 | Estrogen receptor 1 | 雌激素受体1 |
| BH02/05 | IL1α | Interleukin 1α | 白细胞介素1α |
| BH02/03/05 | TNF | Tumor necrosis factor | 肿瘤坏死因子 |
| BH02/05 | IL1β | Interleukin 1β | 白细胞介素1β |
| BH02/03/05 | IL6 | Interleukin 6 | 白细胞介素6 |
| BH02/03/05 | VIM | Vimentin | 波形蛋白 |
| BH02/03/05 | IL2 | Interleukin 2 | 白细胞介素2 |
| BH02/05 | TLR4 | Toll-like receptor | Toll样受体 |
| BH02/03/05 | IL13 | Interleukin 13 | 白细胞介素13 |
| BH02/03/05 | HMGB1 | High mobility group box protein 1 | 高迁移率族蛋白1 |
| BH02/03/05 | LTF | Lactotransferrin | 乳转铁蛋白 |
| BH02/03/05 | CXCL8 | C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 | 基序趋化因子8 |
| BH/02/05 | IL17A | Interleukin 17A | 白细胞介素17A |
| BH02 | IL15 | Interleukin 15 | 白细胞介素15 |
| BH02/03 | GAL | Galanin peptides | 甘丙肽 |
| BH02/03/05 | CCL5 | C-C motif chemokine 5 | C-C基序趋化因子5 |
| BH03 | HP | Haptoglobin | 结合珠蛋白 |
| BH03/05 | SELE | E-selectin | E-选择素 |
| BH03/05 | NR5A1 | Steroidogenic factor 1 | 类固醇生成因子1 |
| BH03/04/05 | ESR2 | Estrogen receptor beta | 雌激素受体β |
| BH05 | FSHβ | Follitropin subunit beta | 促卵泡激素亚基β |
| BH05 | AMH | Anti-muellerian-inhibiting factor | 抗缪勒管激素 |
| BH05 | HK2 | Hexokinase 2 | 己糖激酶2 |
| BH05 | VDAC1 | Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 | 电压依赖性阴离子通道1 |
2.4 PPI网络构建及核心靶点的筛选
图3 八角茴香活性物质缓解子宫内膜炎潜在靶点PPI网络图LEP:瘦素 leptin;ESR1:雌激素受体1 estrogen receptor 1;IL1α:白细胞介素1α interleukin 1α;TNF:肿瘤坏死因子 tumor necrosis factor;IL1β:白细胞介素1β interleukin 1β;IL6:白细胞介素6 interleukin 6;VIM:波形蛋白 vimentin;IL2:白细胞介素2 interleukin 2;TLR4:Toll样受体4 Toll-like receptor 4;IL13:白细胞介素13 interleukin 13;HMGB1:高迁移率族蛋白1 high mobility group box protein 1;LTF:乳转铁蛋白 lactotransferrin;CXCL8:基序趋化因子8 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8;IL17A:白细胞介素17A interleukin 17A;IL15:白细胞介素15 interleukin 15;GAL:甘丙肽 galanin peptides;CCL5:C-C基序趋化因子5 C-C motif chemokine 5;HP:结合珠蛋白 haptoglobin;SELE:E选择素 E selectin;NR5A1:类固醇生成因子1 steroidogenic factor 1;ESRβ:雌激素受体β estrogen receptor beta;FSHβ:促卵泡激素亚基β follitropin subunit beta;AMH:抗缪勒管激素 anti-muellerian-inhibiting factor;HK2:己糖激酶2 hexokinase 2;VDAC1:电压依赖性阴离子通道1 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1。 Fig.3 PPI network diagram of potential targets of star anise active ingredients in relieving endometritis |
图4 八角茴香5种有效活性物质缓解子宫内膜炎的靶点图LEP:瘦素 leptin;ESR1:雌激素受体1 wstrogen receptor 1;IL1α:白细胞介素1α interleukin 1α;TNF:肿瘤坏死因子 tumor necrosis factor;IL1β:白细胞介素1β interleukin 1β;IL6:白细胞介素6 interleukin 6;IL2:白细胞介素2 interleukin 2;TLR4:Toll样受体4 Toll-like receptor 4;IL13:白细胞介素13 interleukin 13;HMGB1:高迁移率族蛋白1 high mobility group box protein 1;LTF:乳转铁蛋白 lactotransferrin;CXCL8:基序趋化因子8 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8;IL17A:白细胞介素17A interleukin 17A;IL15:白细胞介素15 interleukin 15;GAL:甘丙肽 galanin peptides;CCL5:C-C基序趋化因子5 C-C motif chemokine 5;HP:结合珠蛋白 haptoglobin;SELE:E选择素 E selectin;NR5A1:类固醇生成因子1 steroidogenic factor 1;ESRβ:雌激素受体β estrogen receptor beta;FSHβ:促卵泡激素亚基β follitropin subunit beta;AMH:抗缪勒管激素 anti-muellerian-inhibiting factor。 Fig.4 Targets diagram of five effective active ingredients of star anise in relieving endometritis |
表3 关键靶点的拓扑参数Table 3 Topological parameters of key targets |
| 靶点 Targets | 连通度 Degree | 径向度 Radiality | 连接性 Connectivity | 介数 Betweenness | 紧密度 Closeness | 应力中心性 Stress |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 白细胞介素6 IL6 | 17 | 0.988 8 | 10.058 8 | 0.177 0 | 0.840 0 | 244 |
| 白细胞介素1β IL1β | 16 | 0.986 0 | 10.500 0 | 0.111 9 | 0.807 7 | 190 |
| Toll样受体4 TLR4 | 15 | 0.977 6 | 10.800 0 | 0.041 7 | 0.724 1 | 98 |
| 瘦素LEP | 12 | 0.974 8 | 10.500 0 | 0.194 6 | 0.700 0 | 298 |
2.5 KEGG信号通路富集与GO功能富集分析
图5 KEGG信号通路富集分析Graft-versus-host disease:移植物抗宿主病;Inflammatory bowel disease:炎症性肠病;Malaria:疟疾;Rheumatoid arthritis:类风湿性关节炎;Legionellosis:军团菌病;Pertussis:百日咳;IL17 signaling pathway:白细胞介素17信号通路;Chagas disease:美洲锥虫病;AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications:糖尿病并发症中的糖基化产物及其受体信号通路;Viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor:病毒蛋白与细胞因子和细胞因子受体的相互作用;Toll-like receptor signaling pathway:Toll样受体信号通路;TNF signaling pathway:肿瘤坏死因子信号通路;Amoebiasis:阿米巴原虫病;Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction:细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用;Influenza A:甲型流感;Alcoholic liver disease:酒精性肝病;Yersinia infection:耶尔森氏菌感染;Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:非酒精性脂肪性肝病;NOD-like receptor signaling pathway:NOD样受体信号通路。 Fig.5 KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis |
图6 GO功能富集分析BP:生物过程 biology progress;CC: 细胞组分 cellular component;MF:分子功能 molecular function; Regulation of insulin secretion:胰岛素分泌的调节;Positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response:参与炎症反应正调控的细胞因子产物;Adaptive immune response:适应性免疫应答;Positive regulation of interleukin 6 production:白细胞介素6产生的正调控;Positive regulation of estradiol secretion:雌二醇分泌的正调控;Positive regulation of interleukin 1 beta production:白细胞介素1β产生的正调控;Vascular endothelial growth factor production:血管内皮生长因子的产生;Positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein:STAT蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化的正调控;Extracellular space:细胞外间隙;Extracellular region:胞外区;External side of plasma membrane:质膜外侧;Interleukin 6 receptor complex:白细胞介素6受体复合物;Phagocytic cup:吞噬杯;Cytokine activity:细胞因子活性;Interleukin 2 receptor binding:白细胞介素2结合受体;Growth factor activity:生长因子活性;RNA polymerase Ⅱ transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding:RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录因子活性,配体激活序列特异性DNA的结合;Estrogen receptor activity:雌激素受体活性;Interleukin 6 receptor binding:白细胞介素6结合受体;Estrogen response element binding:雌激素反应结合原件;Hormone activity:激素活性;Interleukin 1 receptor binding:白细胞介素1结合受体;Steroid binding:结合类固醇。 Fig.6 GO functional enrichment analysis |
2.6 八角茴香活性物质-作用靶点-信号通路网络可视化
图7 八角活性成分-子宫内膜炎靶点-信号通路网络图LEP:瘦素 leptin;ESR1:雌激素受体1 estrogen receptor 1;IL1α:白细胞介素1α interleukin 1α;TNF:肿瘤坏死因子 tumor necrosis factor;IL1β:白细胞介素1β interleukin 1β;IL6:白细胞介素6 interleukin 6;IL2:白细胞介素2 interleukin-2;TLR4:Toll样受体4 Toll-like receptor 4;IL13:白细胞介素13 interleukin 13;HMGB1:高迁移率族蛋白1 high mobility group box protein 1;LTF:乳转铁蛋白 lactotransferrin;CXCL8:基序趋化因子8 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8;IL17A:白细胞介素17A interleukin 17A;IL15:白细胞介素15 interleukin 15;GAL:甘丙肽 galanin peptides;CCL5:C-C基序趋化因子5 C-C motif chemokine 5;HP:结合珠蛋白 haptoglobin;SELE:E选择素 E selectin;NR5A1:类固醇生成因子1 steroidogenic factor 1;ESRβ:雌激素受体β estrogen receptor beta;FSHβ:促卵泡激素亚基β follitropin subunit beta;AMH:抗缪勒管激素 anti-muellerian-inhibiting factor;Graft-versus-host disease:移植物抗宿主病;Inflammatory bowel disease:炎症性肠病;Malaria:疟疾;Rheumatoid arthritis:类风湿性关节炎;Legionellosis:军团菌病;Pertussis:百日咳;IL17 signaling pathway:白细胞介素17信号通路;Chagas disease:美洲锥虫病;AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications:糖尿病并发症中的糖基化产物及其受体信号通路;Viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor:病毒蛋白与细胞因子和细胞因子受体的相互作用;Toll-like receptor signaling pathway:Toll样受体信号通路;TNF signaling pathway:肿瘤坏死因子信号通路;Amoebiasis:阿米巴原虫病;Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction:细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用;Influenza A:甲型流感;Alcoholic liver disease:酒精性肝病;Yersinia infection:耶尔森氏菌感染;Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:非酒精性脂肪性肝病;NOD-like receptor signaling pathway:NOD样受体信号通路;Lipid and atherosclerosis:脂质和动脉粥样硬化。 Fig.7 Star anise active ingredients-endometritis target-signaling pathway network diagram |
2.7 分子对接验证结果
表4 八角茴香活性成分与核心靶点分子对接的结果Table 4 Results of docking of star anise active ingredients with core target molecules kcal/mol |
| 项目 Items | 结合自由能Combined free energy | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 白细胞介素6 IL6 | 白细胞介素1β IL1β | Toll样受体4 TLR4 | 瘦素LEP | |
| 槲皮素Quercetin | -5.46 | -6.67 | -5.75 | -6.53 |
| 木犀草素Luteolin | -5.85 | -6.12 | -6.26 | -6.92 |
1kcal≈4.186 kJ。 |
图8 槲皮素和木犀草素与核心靶点最佳构象分子对接模式图IL6:白细胞介素6 interleukin 6;IL1β:白细胞介素1β interleukin 1β;TLR4:Toll样受体4 Toll-like receptor 4;LEP:瘦素 leptin;ARG:精氨酸 arginine;LEU:亮氨酸 leucine;GLY: 谷氨酸 glycine;ASP:天冬氨酸 aspartic acid;VAL:缬氨酸 valine;GLU:谷氨酸 glutamic acid;LYS:赖氨酸 lysine;THR:苏氨酸 threonine;GLN:谷氨酸酰胺 glutamine;ASN:天冬酰胺 asparagine。 Fig.8 Docking mode of optimal conformational molecules between quercetin and luteolin and core target |
