1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | |
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 65.40 | 62.98 | 60.13 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 18.95 | 16.53 | 20.42 |
| 玉米蛋白粉Corn gluten meal | 7.27 | 9.23 | 6.90 |
| 小麦麸Wheat bran | 3.35 | 4.18 | 3.09 |
| 石粉Limestone | 1.00 | 1.02 | 0.98 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.69 |
| 豆油Soybean oil | 1.45 | 3.43 | 5.41 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.09 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.48 | 12.90 | 13.31 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 18.02 | 18.03 | 18.01 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 |
| 钙Ca | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.77 |
| 有效磷AP | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.41 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kilogram of diets:VA 11 550 IU,VD3 3 500 IU,VE 28 mg,VK3 4.2 mg,VB1 3.5 mg,VB2 8.75 mg,VB6 3.5 mg,VB12 0.03 mg,烟酰胺 nicotinamide 42 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 21 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.35 mg,生物素 biotin 0.07 mg,Cu 12 mg,Fe 80 mg,Mn 62 mg,Zn 75 mg,I 0.7 mg,Se 0.3 mg。 2)代谢能、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和有效磷为计算值,参照《中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2020年第31版)》进行计算;其他均为实测值。ME, Lys, Met and AP were calculated values referred to Tables of Feed Composition and Nutritional Values in China (31st ed, 2020), while the others were measured values. |
1.2 饲养管理
1.3 指标测定与方法
1.3.1 生长性能
1.3.2 养分表观代谢率
1.3.3 血清生化指标
1.3.4 屠宰性能
1.3.5 组织粗脂肪含量
1.3.6 脂质代谢相关基因表达
表2 实时荧光定量PCR引物序列Table 2 Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR primer sequences |
| 基因名称 Gene names | 引物序列 Primer sequences (5'—3') | 退火温度 Annealing temperature/℃ | 产物大小 Product size/bp |
|---|---|---|---|
| β-肌动蛋白 β-actin | F:CATTGCHOCACCGCAAATGCT R:AGCCATGCCAACHOCHOGCHOTT | 60 | 108 |
| 脂肪酸合成酶 FAS | F:AGATGTTGACCTGACCCACC R:GTTCHOGTAGGCCHOCCHOCCAT | 60 | 204 |
| 载脂蛋白B ApoB | F:GCAGCTTTGCCHOACHOGTGAC R:AACGCHOAGCAAATGTTGGGC | 60 | 219 |
| 脂蛋白脂肪酶 LPL | F:CHOGCAGCATTGGGATCHOAGA R:TCHOAGCAACHOAGGCGGAGAG | 60 | 109 |
1.4 统计分析
2 结果
2.1 饲粮能量水平对武定阉公鸡生长性能的影响
表3 饲粮能量水平对武定阉公鸡生长性能的影响Table 3 Effects of dietary energy level on growth performance of Wuding castrated roosters |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | ||
| 初重Initial weight/kg | 0.93±0.01 | 0.94±0.06 | 0.91±0.01 | 0.558 |
| 末重Final weight/kg | 2.04±0.03 | 2.02±0.07 | 2.01±0.06 | 0.850 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 94.90±2.32a | 85.31±2.29b | 84.57±3.01b | 0.005 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 19.73±0.49 | 19.27±0.55 | 19.44±0.77 | 0.663 |
| 料重比F/G | 4.89±0.02a | 4.52±0.02b | 4.43±0.10b | <0.001 |
| 平均日代谢能摄入量Average metabolizable daily energy intake/MJ | 1.20±0.05a | 1.10±0.03b | 1.12±0.04ab | 0.049 |
| 平均日粗蛋白质摄入量Average daily crude protein intake/g | 17.10±0.41a | 15.38±0.42b | 15.23±0.54b | 0.005 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮能量水平对武定阉公鸡屠宰性能的影响
表4 饲粮能量水平对武定阉公鸡屠宰性能的影响Table 4 Effects of dietary energy level on slaughter performance of Wuding castrated roosters % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | ||
| 屠宰率Dressing percentage | 93.10±0.32a | 93.16±0.40a | 92.74±0.55b | 0.046 |
| 半净膛率Semi-eviscerated rate | 85.48±0.68 | 84.67±1.02 | 85.55±1.35 | 0.090 |
| 全净膛率Eviscerating percentage | 73.14±0.99 | 72.07±1.44 | 72.45±2.14 | 0.263 |
| 胸肌率Pectoral muscle percentage | 10.41±2.06 | 9.75±0.73 | 9.64±0.74 | 0.328 |
| 腿肌率Thigh muscle percentage | 15.46±1.17a | 14.93±1.10ab | 14.25±1.08b | 0.040 |
2.3 饲粮能量水平对武定阉公鸡养分表观代谢率的影响
表5 饲粮能量水平对武定阉公鸡养分表观代谢率的影响Table 5 Effects of dietary energy level on nutrient apparent metabolic rates of Wuding castrated roosters |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | ||
| 干物质摄入量DMI/(g/d) | 79.72±1.08 | 77.81±4.97 | 76.96±4.27 | 0.681 |
| 表观代谢率Apparent metabolic rates/% | ||||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 40.80±1.56a | 33.56±2.56b | 32.37±2.67b | 0.007 |
| 总能GE | 76.55±1.77a | 73.52±1.17b | 76.76±1.01a | 0.046 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 86.35±0.36b | 84.23±0.53c | 87.52±0.50a | <0.001 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 31.12±1.99a | 20.97±3.48b | 27.19±3.16a | 0.015 |
| 钙Ca | 43.08±1.50a | 37.22±2.70b | 37.28±2.47b | 0.021 |
| 磷P | 50.84±1.30a | 43.17±1.93b | 53.81±1.82a | 0.001 |
2.4 饲粮能量水平对武定阉公鸡血清生化指标的影响
表6 饲粮能量水平对武定阉公鸡血清生化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of dietary energy level on serum biochemical indices of Wuding castrated roosters |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | ||
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 33.75±3.59 | 32.22±3.63 | 33.33±4.11 | 0.646 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 11.00±1.21 | 11.33±1.37 | 10.75±1.48 | 0.578 |
| 尿酸UA/(μmol/L) | 119.02±12.81 | 116.49±23.03 | 133.72±30.75 | 0.224 |
| 葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) | 11.19±0.83b | 13.00±1.32a | 13.19±0.85a | <0.001 |
| 胆固醇CHO/(mmol/L) | 0.16±0.08 | 0.12±0.06 | 0.13±0.06 | 0.166 |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 0.11±0.05 | 0.11±0.05 | 0.12±0.04 | 0.296 |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇HDL-C/(mmol/L) | 1.85±0.24 | 1.94±0.17 | 1.81±0.15 | 0.296 |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LDL-C/(mmol/L) | 0.96±0.17 | 1.00±0.19 | 0.94±0.12 | 0.717 |
2.5 饲粮能量水平对武定阉公鸡脂肪沉积的影响
表7 饲粮能量水平对武定阉公鸡脂肪沉积的影响Table 7 Effects of dietary energy level on fat deposition of Wuding castrated roosters % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | ||
| 腹脂率Abdominal fat percentage | 0.58±0.10 | 0.63±0.08 | 0.55±0.16 | 0.265 |
| 胸肌脂肪含量Fat content in pectoral muscle | 2.78±0.74b | 3.73±0.71a | 4.51±1.52a | 0.001 |
| 腿肌脂肪含量Fat content in thigh muscle | 8.86±1.27b | 9.98±1.21a | 10.72±1.53a | 0.006 |
| 肝脏脂肪含量Fat content in liver | 8.41±0.65b | 8.68±0.65ab | 9.08±0.57a | <0.001 |
2.6 饲粮能量水平对武定阉公鸡脂质代谢相关基因表达的影响
图1 饲粮能量水平对武定阉公鸡肝脏FASmRNA相对表达量的影响数据柱标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下图同。 Fig.1 Effects of dietary energy level on liver FAS mRNA relative expression level of Wuding castrated roosters Value columns with different small letter mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
