1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 试验设计
1.3 样品采集与指标测定
1.3.1 生长性能测定
1.3.2 血清生化指标测定
1.3.3 胃、肝脏和肠道中消化酶活性测定
1.3.4 组织形态学观察
1.3.5 肠道微生物群落组成及丰度分析
1.4 统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 生长性能
表1 翘嘴鳜的生长性能Table 1 Growth performance of Siniperca chuatsi |
| 项目Items | 活饵组Live bait group | 配合饲料组Formula feed group | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 初始体重IBW/g | 13.78±1.52 | 10.99±2.03 | 0.127 |
| 终末体重FBW/g | 438.08±97.00 | 425.60±39.15 | 0.805 |
| 体长Body length/cm | 28.50±2.27 | 28.90±1.99 | 0.816 |
| 增重率WGR/% | 3 079.10±703.91 | 3 772.61±356.22 | 0.147 |
| 特定生长率SGR/(%/d) | 2.31±0.14 | 2.44±0.06 | 0.143 |
| 饲料系数FCR | 4.50±0.51 | 1.20±0.19 | <0.001 |
2.2 消化酶活性
表2 翘嘴鳜的消化酶活性Table 2 Digestive enzyme activities of Siniperca chuatsi |
| 项目Items | 组织Tissue | 活饵组Live bait group | 配合饲料组Formula feed group | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 胃蛋白酶Pepsin/(U/mg prot) | 胃Stomach | 15.87±3.40 | 11.64±3.77 | 0.049 |
| 脂肪酶Lipase/(U/g prot) | 胃Stomach | 1.94±0.46 | 2.05±0.23 | 0.607 |
| 肝脏Liver | 1.05±0.08 | 1.15±0.15 | 0.183 | |
| 肠道Gut | 2.96±0.32 | 3.12±0.19 | 0.317 | |
| 胰蛋白酶Trypsin/(U/mg prot) | 肝脏Liver | 256.74±113.84 | 369.92±72.21 | 0.047 |
| 肠道Gut | 3 268.59±790.96 | 2 039.41±593.16 | 0.012 | |
| 纤维素酶Cellulase/(U/mg prot) | 胃Stomach | 10.59±1.40 | 8.87±2.07 | 0.121 |
| 肝脏Liver | 4.45±1.36 | 6.83±2.49 | 0.067 | |
| 肠道Gut | 15.04±4.23 | 10.15±2.17 | 0.030 |
2.3 血清生化指标
表3 翘嘴鳜的血清生化指标Table 3 Serum biochemical indexes of Siniperca chuatsi |
| 项目Items | 活饵组Live bait group | 配合饲料组Formula feed group | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 48.82±6.25 | 52.08±1.53 | 0.243 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 9.14±0.92 | 8.07±0.74 | 0.047 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mL) | 96.90±12.03 | 105.29±12.76 | 0.268 |
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(mmol/L) | 1.91±0.24 | 1.93±0.16 | 0.836 |
| 溶菌酶LZM/(U/mL) | 263.22±57.93 | 304.60±52.96 | 0.049 |
| 碱性磷酸酶ALP/(金氏单位/dL) | 7.78±1.55 | 17.43±3.27 | 0.010 |
2.4 消化器官组织形态
图2 翘嘴鳜消化器官组织切片图A:活饵组肠道横切;B:活饵组肝脏横切;C:活饵组胃横切;D:配合饲料组肠道横切;E:配合饲料组肝脏横切;F:配合饲料组胃横切。MF:肠绒毛;GC:杯状细胞;EP:胃黏膜上皮层;GG:胃腺体部。 Fig.2 Histological section diagrams of digestive organs in Siniperca chuatsi A: intestinal transection in live bait group; B: liver transection in live bait group; C: stomach transection in live bait group; D: intestinal transection in formula feed group; E: liver transection in formula feed group; F: stomach transection in formula feed group. MF: mucosal villi; GC: goblet cell; EP: gastric mucosal epithelium; GG: gastric gland. |
2.5 肠道微生物组成及基因功能预测
图4 翘嘴鳜肠道微生物组成(属水平)Mycoplasma:支原体属;Agaricus:伞菌属;Acinetobacter:不动杆菌属;Potexvirus:马铃薯X病毒属;Saccharomyces:酵母属;unclassified_d_unclassified:未分类的域;Mycobacterium:分枝杆菌属;Micromonospora:小单孢菌属;Clostridium:梭菌属;Rhizoctonia:丝核菌属;Bacillus_f_Bacillaceae:芽孢杆菌科芽孢杆菌属;Roseomonas:玫瑰单胞菌属;Spiroplasma:螺旋原体属;Klebsiella:克雷伯氏菌属;Escherichia:埃希氏菌属;Yersinia_f_Yersiniaceae:耶尔森氏菌科耶尔森氏菌属;unclassified_d_Bacteria:未分类的细菌域;Marinomonas:海单胞菌属;Roseovarius:玫瑰变色菌属;Marinobacter:海杆菌属;Pseudomonas:假单胞菌属;Aspergillus:曲霉属;Lapillicoccus:小石球菌属;Alcanivorax:食烷菌属;others:其他。 H1、H2和H3为活饵组,S1、S2和S3为配合饲料组。下图同。H1, H2 and H3 represent live bait group; S1, S2 and S3 represent formula feed group. The same as below. Fig.4 Composition of intestinal microorganisms of Siniperca chuatsi (genus level) |
