1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 6种农副产物信息Table 1 Six agricultural by-product profiles |
| 项目 Items | 拉丁名 Latin name | 科属 Family and genus | 物候期 Phenological period | 生长年限 Growth year | 采样地点 Sampling place | 采样时间 Sampling time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 木瓜丝 Papaya shreds | Pseudocydonia sinensis | 蔷薇科 木瓜属 | 成熟期 | 多年生 | 广西水牛研究所 四方坡牛场 | 2023年5月 |
| 百香果皮 Passion fruit peel | Passiflora edulis Sims | 西番莲科 西番莲属 | 结实期 | 1年生 | 广西水牛研究所 四方坡牛场 | 2023年5月 |
| 甜叶菊 Stevia | Stevia rebaudiana | 菊科甜菊属 | 开花期 | 1年生 | 广西水牛研究所 水牛种畜场 | 2023年5月 |
| 稻草 Rice straw | Oryza sativa | 禾本科稻属 | 完熟期 | 1年生 | 广西汇创牧业 有限公司 | 2023年7月 |
| 玉米包衣加芯 Corn coating and core | Zea mays L. | 禾本科玉米属 | 结实期 | 1年生 | 广西水牛研究所 四方坡牛场 | 2023年5月 |
| 菠萝皮 Pineapple peel | Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. | 凤梨科凤梨属 | 成熟期 | 多年生 | 广西水牛研究所 水牛种畜场 | 2023年5月 |
1.2 试验动物和地点
1.3 试验设计
表2 饲粮组成及饲粮营养水平(风干基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 稻草Rice straw | 16.00 |
| 象草Elephant grass | 54.00 |
| 精料补充料Concentrate supplement | 30.00 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels | |
| 综合净能NEmf/(MJ/kg) | 8.52 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 14.70 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 29.73 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 16.30 |
| 磷P/(g/kg) | 0.28 |
| 钙Ca/(g/kg) | 0.76 |
表3 精料补充料组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 3 Composition and nutrient levels of concentrate supplement (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米Corn | 32.00 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 8.00 |
| 菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 9.20 |
| 大豆胚芽粉Soybean germ powder | 1.00 |
| 赖氨酸渣Lysine residue | 1.00 |
| 玉米皮Corn bran | 3.00 |
| 棕榈粕Palm meal | 6.00 |
| 米糠Rice bran | 7.00 |
| 干木薯片Dried cassava chips | 13.30 |
| 木薯酒精糟Cassava distiller’s grain | 8.50 |
| 尿素Urea | 1.50 |
| 糖蜜Molasses | 2.00 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.00 |
| 预混料Premix | 4.00 |
| 小苏打NaHCO3 | 1.00 |
| 石粉Limestone | 1.50 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels | |
| 综合净能NEmf/(MJ/kg) | 5.84 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 17.09 |
| 干物质DM | 88.90 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.10 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 6.59 |
| 钙Ca/(g/kg) | 1.83 |
| 磷P/(g/kg) | 0.78 |
每千克预混料含有 One kilogram of the premix contained the following:VA 450 000 IU,VD 10 000 IU,VE 2 500 IU,Cu 120 mg,Mn 40 mg,Fe 50 mg,Se 46 mg,Zn 50 mg,I 75 mg,Co 75 mg。 |
1.4 饲粮及试验样品营养成分测定
1.5 相关指标计算
P=a+b×(1-e-ct);
ED=a+b×c/(c+k)。
1.6 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 6种农副产物常规营养成分分析
表4 6种农副产物常规营养成分分析Table 4 Routine nutrient analysis of six agricultural by-products |
| 项目 Items | 玉米包衣加芯 Corn coating and core | 甜叶菊 Stevia | 稻草 Rice straw | 木瓜丝 Papaya shreds | 百香果皮 Passion fruit peel | 菠萝皮 Pineapple peel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质DM/% | 94.26±1.01 | 93.46±1.83 | 95.17±1.94 | 93.32±3.13 | 93.68±2.04 | 92.77±2.13 |
| 粗蛋白质CP/% DM | 8.66±1.02b | 10.38±0.25b | 4.48±0.90c | 19.40±1.95a | 8.26±0.21b | 8.33±2.06b |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF/% DM | 61.44±2.09a | 42.96±2.99b | 60.42±0.83a | 38.62±2.95c | 44.75±1.01b | 42.71±2.05b |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF/% DM | 39.48±1.15ab | 36.24±3.03b | 41.47±1.02a | 22.03±2.03d | 29.38±3.02c | 28.76±1.01c |
| 粗灰分Ash/% DM | 3.56±0.34d | 4.71±0.96d | 12.77±1.00a | 7.77±0.09c | 9.73±1.97b | 7.44±0.91c |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 6种农副产物DM瘤胃降解率及降解参数
表5 6种农副产物DM瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 5 Rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of DM in six agricultural by-products |
| 项目 Items | 玉米包衣加芯 Corn coating and core | 甜叶菊 Stevia | 稻草 Rice straw | 木瓜丝 Papaya shreds | 百香果皮 Passion fruit peel | 菠萝皮 Pineapple peel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | ||||||
| 4 h | 7.64±0.78e | 9.68±1.46d | 7.02±0.77e | 25.73±0.95a | 14.69±0.41c | 22.00±0.44b |
| 8 h | 15.03±1.32d | 17.44±0.50c | 9.31±0.26e | 28.69±1.60a | 24.24±0.09b | 28.42±2.19a |
| 12 h | 21.18±1.45d | 22.92±1.99d | 13.42±0.44e | 41.21±0.98a | 28.14±1.03c | 36.45±2.10b |
| 24 h | 25.52±0.94e | 35.00±1.28d | 16.23±0.19f | 51.45±2.01a | 42.22±1.66c | 48.82±1.26b |
| 48 h | 38.68±1.66d | 46.83±0.93c | 25.90±0.63e | 65.52±1.93a | 56.88±1.79b | 64.56±1.98a |
| 72 h | 47.81±1.24d | 60.35±0.26c | 33.29±1.23e | 68.35±1.30ab | 66.77±1.42b | 70.01±2.46a |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | ||||||
| 快速降解部分a/% | 5.64±0.50c | 5.43±2.52c | 5.61±0.63c | 15.06±1.92a | 8.73±0.64b | 13.43±1.33a |
| 慢速降解部分b/% | 52.12±5.24c | 65.97±2.35a | 42.45±24.12d | 55.92±1.23bc | 64.88±1.85ab | 58.37±2.58abc |
| 慢速降解部分的降解速率 c/(%/h) | 0.022±0.003d | 0.024±0.005cd | 0.020±0.004d | 0.046±0.004a | 0.030±0.001c | 0.037±0.006b |
| 有效降解率ED/% | 30.08±0.43e | 37.25±0.24d | 18.87±0.61f | 51.16±1.23a | 44.04±0.69c | 48.33±2.12b |
2.3 6种农副产物CP瘤胃降解率及降解参数
表6 6种农副产物CP瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 6 Rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of CP in six agricultural by-products |
| 项目 Items | 玉米包衣加芯 Corn coating and core | 甜叶菊 Stevia | 稻草 Rice straw | 木瓜丝 Papaya shreds | 百香果皮 Passion fruit peel | 菠萝皮 Pineapple peel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | ||||||
| 4 h | 15.45±0.42c | 11.33±1.24d | 6.08±0.76e | 28.46±1.03a | 17.83±2.62bc | 19.85±2.05b |
| 8 h | 19.94±2.31b | 16.81±1.11b | 12.59±1.22c | 31.16±1.52a | 28.12±1.94a | 29.25±2.32a |
| 12 h | 22.38±0.22d | 23.81±1.16d | 14.25±0.50e | 45.29±0.96a | 36.66±1.24b | 31.42±2.44c |
| 24 h | 23.20±0.57e | 35.75±1.53d | 16.83±0.93f | 52.27±2.30a | 42.61±1.51c | 46.25±2.04b |
| 48 h | 35.20±0.81d | 50.89±0.89c | 23.00±0.34e | 68.56±1.71a | 50.50±2.97c | 56.28±2.56b |
| 72 h | 41.68±0.12d | 57.73±0.90c | 30.52±0.81e | 71.97±1.69a | 63.19±2.51b | 65.98±0.85b |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | ||||||
| 快速降解部分a/% | 14.53±0.50b | 4.01±1.54d | 6.76±0.44c | 19.04±1.15a | 13.89±2.78b | 11.83±1.52b |
| 慢速降解部分b/% | 68.28±8.42a | 59.74±2.29ab | 38.24±9.48c | 56.67±2.70b | 49.41±2.80b | 50.64±5.07b |
| 慢速降解部分的降解速率 c/(%/h) | 0.007±0.001b | 0.032±0.002a | 0.015±0.006b | 0.041±0.008a | 0.039±0.009a | 0.032±0.010a |
| 有效降解率ED/% | 29.67±0.12d | 37.52±0.62c | 19.82±0.41e | 54.07±0.82a | 43.72±1.92b | 39.95±5.24bc |
2.4 6种农副产物NDF瘤胃降解率及降解参数
表7 6种农副产物NDF瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 7 Rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of NDF in six agricultural by-products |
| 项目 Items | 玉米包衣加芯 Corn coating and core | 甜叶菊 Stevia | 稻草 Rice straw | 木瓜丝 Papaya shreds | 百香果皮 Passion fruit peel | 菠萝皮 Pineapple peel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | ||||||
| 4 h | 7.24±0.61d | 10.13±0.88c | 6.31±1.03d | 16.31±1.03a | 14.27±0.38b | 16.44±0.45a |
| 8 h | 15.50±0.94b | 12.93±0.14c | 8.67±0.53d | 23.33±0.85a | 23.62±0.09a | 22.59±2.04a |
| 12 h | 19.73±0.84b | 20.12±2.12b | 11.40±0.29c | 31.07±0.45a | 28.84±0.90a | 28.89±1.87a |
| 24 h | 21.14±0.97d | 27.92±1.45c | 14.70±0.91e | 38.37±1.62ab | 36.62±1.56b | 39.35±1.32a |
| 48 h | 31.19±0.55d | 39.36±1.20c | 26.03±0.46e | 47.03±1.79a | 44.48±0.96b | 48.94±1.43a |
| 72 h | 35.85±1.10d | 45.10±1.51c | 30.13±0.77e | 59.13±1.03a | 54.10±1.83b | 55.51±2.03b |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | ||||||
| 快速降解部分a/% | 5.96±0.33c | 4.55±2.35c | 4.00±0.32c | 13.01±1.46a | 10.46±2.19ab | 9.84±1.38b |
| 慢速降解部分b/% | 32.05±0.69c | 46.28±2.74ab | 40.95±7.03b | 51.52±4.39a | 45.02±1.80ab | 47.68±1.78ab |
| 慢速降解部分的降解速率 c/(%/h) | 0.034±0.002a | 0.031±0.008a | 0.015±0.003b | 0.029±0.007a | 0.038±0.009a | 0.040±0.005a |
| 有效降解率ED/% | 24.35±0.71d | 29.62±0.76c | 19.15±0.10e | 39.98±0.92a | 37.22±0.63b | 39.05±0.10a |
2.5 6种农副产物ADF瘤胃降解率及降解参数
表8 6种农副产物ADF瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 8 Rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of ADF in six agricultural by-products |
| 项目 Items | 玉米包衣加芯 Corn coating and core | 甜叶菊 Stevia | 稻草 Rice straw | 木瓜丝 Papaya shreds | 百香果皮 Passion fruit peel | 菠萝皮 Pineapple peel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | ||||||
| 4 h | 7.10±0.62c | 9.05±0.90c | 4.14±1.06e | 14.14±1.06b | 14.07±0.38b | 17.13±0.45a |
| 8 h | 14.26±0.97c | 12.18±0.69c | 8.64±0.85d | 20.97±1.67b | 23.34±0.09a | 23.27±2.02a |
| 12 h | 18.28±0.56c | 19.43±1.58c | 11.43±0.98d | 31.43±0.98a | 27.47±0.92b | 28.77±3.19ab |
| 24 h | 19.81±0.75d | 28.99±1.47c | 14.69±0.50e | 37.69±2.42ab | 35.68±1.58b | 39.83±1.31a |
| 48 h | 27.14±1.08d | 38.82±0.81c | 24.15±0.52d | 46.15±1.84b | 43.98±3.30b | 51.40±3.87a |
| 72 h | 33.52±0.66d | 45.35±1.19c | 27.35±1.32e | 58.02±1.53a | 54.74±1.24ab | 54.09±3.94b |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | ||||||
| 快速降解部分a/% | 6.68±1.53b | 2.74±1.50c | 2.14±0.38c | 9.74±1.77a | 11.59±1.76a | 9.42±1.51a |
| 慢速降解部分b/% | 30.16±0.70b | 46.00±1.94a | 30.03±3.65b | 49.54±0.80a | 47.71±1.69a | 47.99±3.53a |
| 慢速降解部分的降解速率 c/(%/h) | 0.028±0.007 | 0.034±0.002 | 0.027±0.004 | 0.035±0.003 | 0.029±0.006 | 0.044±0.012 |
| 有效降解率ED/% | 22.42±0.03c | 29.32±0.26b | 17.46±0.25d | 38.62±0.64a | 37.03±0.20a | 39.47±0.28a |
