1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 试验动物及饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 苜蓿草粉Alfalfa meal | 35.0 |
| 玉米秸秆Maize straw | 25.0 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 11.0 |
| 玉米Corn | 21.0 |
| 麸皮Wheat bran | 5.0 |
| 食盐NaCl | 1.0 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.0 |
| 小苏打NaHCO3 | 1.0 |
| 合计Total | 100.0 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 有机物OM | 90.23 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 13.96 |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 9.80 |
| 可代谢蛋白质MP | 66.61 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 49.95 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 30.03 |
1)每千克预混料含有 Each kilogram of premix contained the following: VA 10 000~400 000 IU,VD3 2 000~160 000 IU,VE 100 IU,Fe 800~4 000 mg,Cu 100~600 mg,Zn 400~2 400 mg,Mn 400~3 000 mg。 |
表2 6种蛋白质饲料和4种能量饲料的常规营养成分含量Table 2 Conventional nutrient composition of six protein feeds and four energy feeds |
| 项目 Items | 蛋白质饲料Protein feed | 能量饲料Energy feed | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 豆粕 Soybean meal | 菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal | 亚麻饼粕 Flaxseed cake | 核桃饼粕 Walnut cake | 大米酒糟 Rice distillers’ grains | 燕麦 Oat | 小麦 Wheat | 玉米 Corn | 麸皮 Wheat bran | ||
| 干物质DM/% | 93.69 | 90.81 | 95.34 | 95.56 | 92.86 | 91.50 | 90.05 | 88.73 | 89.01 | 91.78 | |
| 有机物OM/% DM | 91.93 | 93.71 | 94.29 | 90.83 | 84.34 | 85.49 | 98.27 | 97.88 | 98.93 | 94.37 | |
| 粗蛋白质CP/% DM | 35.23 | 43.94 | 32.68 | 30.52 | 37.82 | 27.77 | 10.10 | 8.87 | 7.12 | 15.82 | |
| 粗灰分Ash/% DM | 8.06 | 6.28 | 5.70 | 9.16 | 15.65 | 14.50 | 1.72 | 2.11 | 1.06 | 5.62 | |
| 粗脂肪EE/% DM | 11.67 | 3.53 | 12.72 | 9.44 | 7.64 | 5.44 | 5.73 | 1.90 | 4.57 | 5.41 | |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF/% DM | 26.67 | 12.71 | 36.95 | 26.54 | 15.02 | 53.94 | 10.41 | 14.13 | 9.49 | 33.54 | |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF/% DM | 25.74 | 9.65 | 38.89 | 35.46 | 15.48 | 45.92 | 8.17 | 4.31 | 3.18 | 13.18 | |
| 淀粉Starch/% DM | 58.89 | 61.09 | 65.63 | 17.52 | |||||||
10种饲料的营养水平均为实测值。 | |
Nutrient levels of the 10 feeds were measured values. |
1.3 试验方法
1.4 计算公式
1.4.1 瘤胃降解率的计算
A=100×(B-C)/B。
1.4.2 降解参数和有效降解率的计算
P=a+b(1-e-ct);
ED=a+b×c/(c+k)。
1.5 统计分析方法
2 结果
2.1 6种蛋白质饲料和4种能量饲料的DM瘤胃降解率及降解参数
表3 6种蛋白质饲料的DM瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 3 DM rumen degradation rates and degradation parameters of 6 protein feeds |
| 项目 Items | 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 豆粕 Soybean meal | 菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal | 亚麻饼粕 Flaxseed cake | 核桃饼粕 Walnut cake | 大米酒糟 Rice distillers’ grains | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | |||||||
| 2 h | 29.42±5.03b | 35.28±1.16a | 23.28±0.47c | 31.56±1.20b | 7.86±0.70d | 30.64±0.78b | <0.001 |
| 4 h | 33.66±3.49b | 38.58±2.44a | 26.09±0.49c | 35.32±0.48b | 8.40±0.94d | 35.84±0.65ab | <0.001 |
| 8 h | 34.73±2.76b | 40.25±1.23a | 30.21±2.27c | 40.71±1.19a | 12.00±0.82d | 40.05±1.27a | <0.001 |
| 12 h | 35.96±5.23b | 41.02±2.39a | 34.63±0.53b | 44.44±2.90a | 16.05±0.53c | 45.39±0.79a | <0.001 |
| 16 h | 40.63±3.17b | 42.82±7.31b | 39.94±0.97b | 48.58±6.66a | 28.30±2.68c | 52.57±0.65a | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 41.24±4.99cd | 55.78±2.92ab | 45.29±8.09c | 51.90±5.37b | 37.37±6.33d | 58.67±1.55a | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 46.07±2.09d | 59.68±0.62b | 58.42±1.25b | 57.44±2.18b | 51.91±0.61c | 67.82±3.58a | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | |||||||
| a/% | 26.23±0.88b | 33.20±0.86a | 20.40±0.19c | 25.84±0.10b | 12.98±0.19d | 25.38±1.18b | <0.001 |
| b/% | 41.60±1.01b | 39.09±0.93b | 51.37±0.87a | 30.00±0.36c | 40.85±0.89b | 37.59±8.56b | <0.001 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.06±0.01bc | 0.03±0.01c | 0.03±0.01c | 0.13±0.03a | 0.04±0.01bc | 0.07±0.23b | 0.001 |
| a+b/% | 67.84±0.13ab | 72.29±0.07a | 71.78±1.07a | 55.84±0.46c | 53.83±1.09c | 62.98±7.38b | <0.001 |
| ED/% | 47.70±1.36a | 44.39±4.61a | 36.19±6.53b | 46.02±1.54a | 28.52±5.04c | 45.14±0.81a | <0.001 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。In the same row, values with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
表4 4种能量饲料的DM瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 4 DM rumen degradation rates and degradation parameters of 4 energy feeds |
| 项目 Items | 燕麦 Oat | 小麦 Wheat | 玉米 Corn | 麸皮 Wheat bran | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | |||||
| 2 h | 31.93±2.66b | 28.46±5.14b | 12.08±1.96c | 51.66±1.56a | <0.001 |
| 4 h | 38.69±1.59b | 35.49±0.78c | 17.99±0.98d | 52.79±4.54a | <0.001 |
| 8 h | 45.16±0.53b | 43.87±0.85b | 25.82±1.58c | 54.58±1.54a | <0.001 |
| 12 h | 54.37±1.16b | 52.92±0.51b | 36.48±2.57c | 63.57±1.68a | <0.001 |
| 16 h | 66.29±1.03a | 64.88±0.47b | 47.82±0.72c | 64.27±1.02b | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 78.05±0.50a | 72.98±0.58b | 59.66±0.65d | 66.30±2.01c | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 83.41±0.65a | 77.15±0.69b | 63.48±1.31d | 72.63±2.61c | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | |||||
| a/% | 21.52±1.45b | 18.69±2.54b | 21.52±4.94b | 38.60±0.47a | <0.001 |
| b/% | 67.03±1.26a | 61.90±1.46b | 37.64±3.64c | 40.67±0.06c | <0.001 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.06±0.01b | 0.08±0.01a | 0.08±0.01a | 0.06±0.01b | 0.005 |
| a+b/% | 88.55±1.15a | 80.59±1.09ab | 59.16±8.57c | 79.27±0.52b | <0.001 |
| ED/% | 56.03±1.58ab | 53.34±1.01b | 43.04±5.95c | 59.71±0.48a | 0.001 |
2.2 6种蛋白质饲料和4种能量饲料的CP瘤胃降解率及降解参数
表5 6种蛋白质饲料的CP瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 5 CP rumen degradation rates and degradation parameters of 6 protein feeds |
| 项目 Items | 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 豆粕 Soybean meal | 菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal | 亚麻饼粕 Flaxseed cake | 核桃饼粕 Walnut cake | 大米酒糟 Rice distillers’ grains | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | |||||||
| 2 h | 10.39±0.88b | 7.71±1.07c | 14.51±1.34a | 7.11±0.96c | 13.74±1.42a | 7.31±0.88c | <0.001 |
| 4 h | 26.41±1.13a | 16.31±0.61d | 25.63±0.99ab | 15.61±1.03d | 24.46±0.95b | 19.25±1.13c | <0.001 |
| 8 h | 37.72±1.07a | 26.77±0.55c | 32.69±1.08b | 18.38±1.16d | 37.19±0.33a | 33.72±1.20b | <0.001 |
| 12 h | 45.57±0.88b | 42.18±0.33c | 41.43±1.05c | 21.53±1.33d | 51.70±0.91a | 44.31±1.28b | <0.001 |
| 16 h | 45.46±1.14e | 51.54±0.54d | 55.53±0.97b | 31.46±0.67f | 62.97±0.91a | 53.50±1.05c | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 50.56±1.11d | 66.84±0.35a | 66.50±0.75a | 37.35±1.15e | 64.60±0.73b | 56.43±0.82c | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 52.28±0.91d | 71.55±1.13a | 68.33±0.88b | 42.50±0.93e | 67.59±0.76b | 59.25±0.79c | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | |||||||
| a/% | 21.09±5.31bc | 20.93±0.50bc | 23.35±0.91ab | 12.53±0.14d | 25.42±0.79a | 18.92±0.37c | <0.001 |
| b/% | 37.37±3.76ab | 36.48±0.20b | 37.36±0.31ab | 39.81±0.31a | 37.94±0.23ab | 35.59±0.17b | 0.086 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.08±0.01a | 0.08±0.01a | 0.08±0.01a | 0.03±0.01b | 0.08±0.01a | 0.09±0.01a | <0.001 |
| a+b/% | 58.46±9.07abc | 57.42±0.70abc | 60.72±1.22ab | 52.34±0.45c | 63.36±1.02a | 54.51±0.54bc | 0.039 |
| ED/% | 42.35±5.98ab | 42.04±0.50ab | 44.54±0.91ab | 25.75±0.37c | 46.78±0.80a | 39.93±0.37b | <0.001 |
表6 4种能量饲料的CP瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 6 CP rumen degradation rates and degradation parameters of 4 energy feeds |
| 项目 Items | 燕麦 Oat | 小麦 Wheat | 玉米 Corn | 麸皮 Wheat bran | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | |||||
| 2 h | 7.65±1.10b | 3.43±1.02c | 3.38±0.51c | 13.64±1.06a | <0.001 |
| 4 h | 16.57±0.80b | 10.22±1.07c | 15.77±0.99b | 37.72±0.49a | <0.001 |
| 8 h | 27.50±0.86b | 18.61±1.46c | 26.57±1.03b | 45.33±0.50a | <0.001 |
| 12 h | 30.46±0.92c | 26.51±1.04d | 40.76±0.93b | 49.09±0.43a | <0.001 |
| 16 h | 47.34±0.95b | 36.29±0.75c | 46.90±1.05b | 52.10±0.28a | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 69.74±0.91a | 60.22±1.25b | 55.39±1.42c | 54.28±0.80c | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 83.33±0.74a | 80.59±0.74b | 58.52±0.60c | 56.60±1.05d | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | |||||
| a/% | 21.46±0.80c | 27.08±0.37a | 26.96±0.40a | 22.64±0.64b | <0.001 |
| b/% | 36.74±0.32b | 42.03±0.07a | 41.85±0.04a | 37.01±0.22b | <0.001 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.08±0.01a | 0.08±0.01a | 0.07±0.01b | 0.08±0.01a | 0.001 |
| a+b/% | 58.20±1.12c | 69.12±0.30a | 68.81±0.36a | 59.66±0.86b | <0.001 |
| ED/% | 42.57±0.81d | 50.92±0.05a | 49.82±0.24b | 43.83±0.65c | <0.001 |
2.3 6种蛋白质饲料和4种能量饲料的ADF瘤胃降解率及降解参数
表7 6种蛋白质饲料的ADF瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 7 ADF rumen degradation rates and degradation parameters of 6 protein feeds |
| 项目 Items | 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 豆粕 Soybean meal | 菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal | 亚麻饼粕 Flaxseed cake | 核桃饼粕 Walnut cake | 大米酒糟 Rice distillers’ grains | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | ||||||||
| 2 h | 14.99±0.65b | 7.50±0.70c | 4.79±0.55d | 15.35±0.62b | 1.60±0.30e | 18.48±0.68a | <0.001 | |
| 4 h | 18.84±0.71b | 11.83±0.69c | 7.36±0.63d | 21.05±0.65a | 7.54±0.30d | 21.01±0.54a | <0.001 | |
| 8 h | 23.01±0.71a | 21.90±0.62b | 8.46±0.80d | 23.21±0.49a | 17.55±0.34c | 23.40±0.56a | <0.001 | |
| 12 h | 27.09±0.76b | 29.53±0.60a | 12.37±1.05d | 28.68±0.50a | 22.56±0.43c | 26.58±1.18b | <0.001 | |
| 16 h | 33.32±0.73b | 38.07±0.58a | 23.34±0.71d | 32.84±0.47b | 27.68±0.39c | 27.93±0.45c | <0.001 | |
| 24 h | 35.86±0.69b | 47.57±0.57a | 32.07±0.87de | 34.59±0.50c | 33.21±0.65d | 31.11±0.67e | <0.001 | |
| 48 h | 38.99±0.53d | 49.61±1.29a | 43.11±0.94b | 40.71±1.02c | 40.66±0.32c | 35.19±0.85e | <0.001 | |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | ||||||||
| a/% | 10.52±0.60cd | 10.60±0.44cd | 11.65±0.74bc | 12.62±0.86b | 9.79±0.24d | 16.74±0.62a | <0.001 | |
| b/% | 29.66±0.10c | 36.54±0.72a | 32.27±1.22b | 29.03±0.42c | 35.92±0.07a | 19.94±0.39d | <0.001 | |
| c/(%/h) | 0.08±0.01a | 0.08±0.01a | 0.03±0.01e | 0.07±0.01b | 0.04±0.01d | 0.05±0.01c | <0.001 | |
| a+b/% | 40.19±0.50c | 47.14±1.16a | 43.92±1.96b | 41.65±1.27c | 45.71±0.26ab | 36.68±0.89d | <0.001 | |
| ED/% | 27.32±0.63bc | 31.41±0.74a | 21.78±1.12e | 27.97±0.58b | 24.52±0.24d | 26.24±0.69c | <0.001 | |
表8 4种能量饲料的ADF瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 8 ADF rumen degradation rates and degradation parameters of 4 energy feeds |
| 项目 Items | 燕麦 Oat | 小麦 Wheat | 玉米 Corn | 麸皮 Wheat bran | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | |||||
| 2 h | 6.93±0.69b | 7.35±0.62b | 15.82±0.72a | 7.60±0.69b | <0.001 |
| 4 h | 12.27±0.62c | 15.13±0.70b | 28.81±0.57a | 9.35±0.71d | <0.001 |
| 8 h | 15.98±0.38d | 25.73±0.85b | 39.81±0.71a | 18.82±0.66c | <0.001 |
| 12 h | 21.92±0.70d | 35.92±0.58b | 45.36±0.54a | 28.78±0.72c | <0.001 |
| 16 h | 28.28±0.58d | 44.90±0.55b | 51.78±0.55a | 35.96±0.70c | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 46.71±0.77c | 50.38±0.59b | 57.07±0.42a | 39.23±0.60d | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 59.08±0.53a | 56.10±0.56b | 58.08±0.55a | 41.25±0.57c | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | |||||
| a/% | 10.59±1.30b | 5.05±0.09c | 19.95±0.36a | 10.10±1.35b | <0.001 |
| b/% | 35.11±1.81a | 37.11±3.30a | 34.01±0.63ab | 30.35±1.58b | 0.022 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.06±0.01c | 0.20±0.01a | 0.14±0.01b | 0.06±0.01c | <0.001 |
| a+b/% | 45.70±0.74b | 42.16±3.33c | 53.96±0.29a | 40.46±0.51c | <0.001 |
| ED/% | 27.47±1.80c | 33.81±2.49b | 43.61±0.18a | 25.88±1.27c | <0.001 |
2.4 6种蛋白质饲料和4种能量饲料的NDF瘤胃降解率及降解参数
表9 6种蛋白质饲料的NDF瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 9 NDF rumen degradation rates and degradation parameters of 6 protein feeds |
| 项目 Items | 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 豆粕 Soybean meal | 菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal | 亚麻饼粕 Flaxseed cake | 核桃饼粕 Walnut cake | 大米酒糟 Rice distillers’ grains | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | |||||||
| 2 h | 3.63±0.30d | 6.93±0.62b | 7.55±0.56b | 5.70±0.93c | 7.31±0.79b | 10.71±0.55a | <0.001 |
| 4 h | 7.60±0.27d | 15.25±0.58b | 11.89±0.74c | 8.58±0.77d | 12.64±0.84c | 20.87±0.67a | <0.001 |
| 8 h | 12.04±0.29e | 22.86±0.71b | 18.98±0.77c | 15.06±0.63d | 23.30±0.53b | 24.52±0.75a | <0.001 |
| 12 h | 18.04±0.26d | 32.37±0.62a | 24.82±0.69c | 26.28±0.73b | 31.30±0.48a | 25.66±0.80bc | <0.001 |
| 16 h | 28.52±0.43c | 41.78±0.61a | 27.28±2.23c | 34.96±0.64b | 34.67±0.61b | 28.83±0.67c | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 36.66±0.38d | 46.49±0.50a | 35.42±0.56e | 37.95±0.67c | 39.80±0.60b | 30.26±0.65f | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 42.78±0.36c | 48.84±0.55a | 40.71±0.77d | 42.26±0.67c | 45.87±0.69b | 34.15±0.68e | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | |||||||
| a/% | 9.51±0.29b | 11.13±0.31a | 9.01±1.50b | 8.13±0.76bc | 11.84±0.69a | 6.91±0.30c | <0.001 |
| b/% | 37.13±0.13a | 37.19±0.60a | 29.76±2.53b | 31.66±0.22b | 30.66±1.82b | 25.52±0.33c | <0.001 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.04±0.01e | 0.08±0.01b | 0.05±0.01d | 0.07±0.01cd | 0.07±0.01bc | 0.14±0.01a | <0.001 |
| a+b/% | 46.64±0.28b | 48.32±0.91a | 38.77±1.20d | 39.78±0.94d | 42.50±1.22c | 32.43±0.56e | <0.001 |
| ED/% | 24.43±0.41cd | 32.72±0.61a | 23.05±1.02d | 24.63±0.45c | 28.82±1.40b | 24.67±0.66c | <0.001 |
表10 4种能量饲料的NDF瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 10 NDF rumen degradation rates and degradation parameters of 4 energy feeds |
| 项目 Items | 燕麦 Oat | 小麦 Wheat | 玉米 Corn | 麸皮 Wheat bran | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | |||||
| 2 h | 15.00±0.58a | 8.82±0.59c | 12.15±0.60b | 9.53±0.80c | <0.001 |
| 4 h | 20.99±0.60a | 17.34±0.60c | 19.52±0.79b | 11.60±0.52d | <0.001 |
| 8 h | 30.51±0.66a | 27.19±0.64b | 26.29±0.55b | 14.90±0.60c | <0.001 |
| 12 h | 37.98±0.54a | 32.85±0.58b | 37.19±0.63a | 21.01±0.56c | <0.001 |
| 16 h | 45.30±0.68a | 41.70±0.42b | 44.84±0.57a | 26.23±0.73c | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 50.67±0.68a | 48.97±0.62b | 48.68±0.67b | 32.61±0.68c | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 56.01±0.66a | 54.44±0.51b | 52.57±0.61c | 36.38±0.52d | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | |||||
| a/% | 6.81±0.58 | 5.04±0.07 | 7.01±3.18 | 8.65±3.10 | 0.339 |
| b/% | 50.51±0.10a | 49.33±5.69a | 38.05±0.46b | 30.46±5.99b | 0.001 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.08±0.01b | 0.08±0.01b | 0.17±0.07a | 0.08±0.02b | 0.033 |
| a+b/% | 57.32±0.68a | 54.37±5.62a | 45.06±2.73b | 39.11±5.31b | 0.002 |
| ED/% | 36.38±0.63a | 32.42±1.80a | 34.41±0.95a | 25.60±4.26b | 0.003 |
2.5 6种蛋白质饲料和4种能量饲料的OM瘤胃降解率及降解参数
表11 6种蛋白质饲料的OM瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 11 OM rumen degradation rates and degradation parameters of 6 protein feeds |
| 项目 Items | 棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal | 豆粕 Soybean meal | 菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal | 亚麻饼粕 Flaxseed cake | 核桃饼粕 Walnut cake | 大米酒糟 Rice distillers’ grains | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | |||||||
| 2 h | 4.30±0.33d | 5.13±0.14c | 6.36±0.23ab | 1.32±0.24e | 6.02±0.21b | 6.69±0.44a | <0.001 |
| 4 h | 10.44±0.27d | 12.39±0.26c | 14.71±0.14a | 4.86±0.13e | 13.52±0.38b | 13.81±0.26b | <0.001 |
| 8 h | 20.68±0.29c | 22.38±0.20b | 23.56±0.12a | 9.76±0.09e | 20.86±0.15c | 19.93±0.37d | <0.001 |
| 12 h | 30.73±0.15b | 34.31±0.28a | 34.38±0.13a | 16.49±0.17d | 30.57±0.08b | 27.99±0.15c | <0.001 |
| 16 h | 38.65±0.23c | 43.63±0.22a | 43.18±0.57a | 23.65±0.21e | 41.88±0.10b | 37.55±0.47d | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 43.58±0.25e | 47.02±0.22c | 49.74±0.12a | 28.57±0.33f | 48.01±0.23b | 44.26±0.44d | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 57.36±0.32c | 60.36±0.17a | 57.80±0.18b | 31.65±0.30f | 53.63±0.24d | 48.88±0.13e | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | |||||||
| a/% | 7.32±0.12c | 13.13±0.40a | 13.18±0.43a | 9.71±0.25b | 7.82±0.09c | 7.66±0.21c | <0.001 |
| b/% | 43.61±0.28b | 34.00±0.23c | 33.05±0.16d | 25.49±0.07e | 44.46±0.27a | 39.18±0.39c | <0.001 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.07±0.01c | 0.14±0.01b | 0.15±0.01a | 0.04±0.01d | 0.08±0.01c | 0.08±0.01c | <0.001 |
| a+b/% | 50.94±0.40b | 47.14±0.60c | 46.22±0.27d | 35.19±0.32e | 52.28±0.36a | 46.84±0.41cd | <0.001 |
| ED/% | 31.24±0.21c | 37.05±0.23a | 36.77±0.14a | 19.25±0.19e | 32.75±0.18b | 29.84±0.28d | <0.001 |
表12 4种能量饲料的OM瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 12 OM rumen degradation rates and degradation parameters of 4 energy feeds |
| 项目 Items | 燕麦 Oat | 小麦 Wheat | 玉米 Corn | 麸皮 Wheat bran | P值 P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | ||||||
| 2 h | 6.90±0.26b | 5.14±0.17c | 10.34±0.27a | 6.81±0.08b | <0.001 | |
| 4 h | 15.64±0.20b | 13.56±0.21d | 19.79±0.08a | 14.71±0.07c | <0.001 | |
| 8 h | 28.51±0.14b | 22.68±0.16d | 30.82±0.07a | 22.93±0.04c | <0.001 | |
| 12 h | 42.60±0.32a | 34.65±0.25c | 39.15±0.11b | 33.20±0.02d | <0.001 | |
| 16 h | 58.52±0.29a | 52.76±0.10b | 43.92±0.07c | 42.12±0.04d | <0.001 | |
| 24 h | 67.48±0.17a | 62.42±0.25b | 48.33±0.30c | 48.21±0.05c | <0.001 | |
| 48 h | 72.01±0.21a | 69.96±0.10b | 50.44±0.13d | 53.09±0.08c | <0.001 | |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | ||||||
| a/% | 26.94±0.15a | 23.75±0.16b | 14.46±0.48c | 10.19±0.03d | <0.001 | |
| b/% | 42.38±0.19b | 37.99±0.08c | 31.16±0.43d | 47.49±0.75a | <0.001 | |
| c/(%/h) | 0.05±0.01c | 0.05±0.01c | 0.15±0.01a | 0.06±0.01b | <0.001 | |
| a+b/% | 69.32±0.33a | 61.74±0.25b | 45.62±0.05d | 57.69±0.78c | <0.001 | |
| ED/% | 46.80±0.23a | 41.36±0.20b | 36.96±0.03c | 33.53±0.39d | <0.001 | |
2.6 6种蛋白质饲料和4种能量饲料的营养物质含量与瘤胃有效降解率相关关系
表13 6种蛋白质饲料和4种能量饲料瘤胃有效降解率与营养物质含量的相关关系Table 13 Correlation between rumen effective degradation rates and nutrient contents of 6 protein feeds and 4 energy feeds |
| 项目 Items | 干物质 DM | 有机物 OM | 粗蛋白质 CP | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 粗脂肪 EE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质有效降解率 Effective degradation rate of DM | -0.414* | 0.536** | -0.552** | -0.285 | -0.009 | -0.380* |
| 有机物有效降解率 Effective degradation rate of OM | -0.542** | 0.608** | -0.460* | -0.624** | -0.470** | -0.469** |
| 粗蛋白质有效降解率 Effective degradation rate of CP | -0.451* | 0.334 | -0.373* | -0.572** | -0.327 | -0.423* |
| 酸性洗涤纤维有效降解率 Effective degradation rate of ADF | -0.744** | 0.543** | -0.507** | -0.599** | -0.537** | -0.560** |
| 中性洗涤纤维有效降解率 Effective degradation rate of NDF | -0.796** | 0.545** | -0.475** | -0.795** | -0.775** | -0.674** |
2.7 6种蛋白质饲料和4种能量饲料不同营养物质瘤胃有效降解率相关关系
表14 6种蛋白质饲料和4种能量饲料不同营养物质瘤胃有效降解率相关关系Table 14 Correlation between rumen effective degradation rates of different nutrients of 6 protein feeds and 4 energy feeds |
| 项目 Items | 干物质 有效降解率 Effective degradation rate of DM | 有机物 有效降解率 Effective degradation rate of OM | 粗蛋白质 有效降解率 Effective degradation rate of CP | 酸性洗涤纤维 有效降解率 Effective degradation rate of ADF | 中性洗涤纤维 有效降解率 Effective degradation rate of NDF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质有效降解率 Effective degradation rate of DM | 1.000 | ||||
| 有机物有效降解率 Effective degradation rate of OM | 0.243 | 1.000 | |||
| 粗蛋白质有效降解率 Effective degradation rate of CP | -0.058 | 0.716** | 1.000 | ||
| 酸性洗涤纤维有效降解率 Effective degradation rate of ADF | 0.137 | 0.209 | 0.333 | 1.000 | |
| 中性洗涤纤维有效降解率 Effective degradation rate of NDF | 0.196 | 0.682** | 0.409* | 0.610** | 1.000 |
2.8 6种蛋白质饲料和4种能量饲料营养物质含量与瘤胃有效降解率相关方程
表15 6种蛋白质饲料和4种能量饲料营养物质含量与瘤胃有效降解率相关方程Table 15 Correlation equations of nutrient contents and rumen effective degradation rates of 6 protein feeds and 4 energy feeds |
| 序号 No. | 项目 Items | 回归方程 Regression equation | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | OM有效降解率(Y)与DM含量(X1)、 OM含量(X2)、ADF含量(X3) | Y=0.507X2-0.477X1- 0.147X3+34.132 | 0.481 | 0.001 |
| 2 | ADF有效降解率(Y)与 DM含量(X) | Y=-2.144X+225.693 | 0.554 | <0.001 |
| 3 | ADF有效降解率(Y)与DM含量(X1)、 OM含量(X2)、CP含量(X3)、 ADF含量(X4)、NDF含量(X5)、 EE含量(X6) | Y=0.251X2-3.783X1+ 0.09X3+0.049X4-0.060X5+ 1.013X6+343.863 | 0.666 | <0.001 |
| 4 | NDF有效降解率(Y)与DM含量(X) | Y=-1.875X+200.691 | 0.634 | <0.001 |
| 5 | NDF有效降解率(Y)与ADF含量(X) | Y=-0.261X+33.930 | 0.633 | <0.001 |
| 6 | NDF有效降解率(Y)与NDF含量(X) | Y=-0.272X+35.218 | 0.601 | <0.001 |
| 7 | NDF有效降解率(Y)与DM含量(X1)、 OM含量(X2)、ADF含量(X3)、 NDF含量(X4)、EE含量(X5) | Y=0.049X2-1.349X1+ 0.07X3-0.22X4-0.057X5+152.105 | 0.825 | <0.001 |
DM:干物质 dry matter;CP:粗蛋白质crude protein;OM:有机物 organic matter;ADF:酸性洗涤纤维 acid detergent fiber;NDF:中性洗涤纤维 neutral detergent fiber;EE:粗脂肪 ether extract。 |
2.9 6种蛋白质饲料和4种能量饲料不同营养物质瘤胃有效降解率相关方程
表16 6种蛋白质饲料和4种能量饲料不同营养物质瘤胃有效降解率相关方程Table 16 Equations related to rumen effective degradation rates of different nutrients of 6 protein feeds and 4 energy feeds |
| 序号 No. | 项目 Items | 回归方程 Regression equation | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CP有效降解率(Y)与OM有效降解率(X) | Y=0.698X+18.746 | 0.512 | <0.001 |
| 2 | NDF有效降解率(Y)与OM有效降解率(X) | Y=0.472X+12.417 | 0.465 | <0.001 |
| 3 | NDF有效降解率(Y)与OM有效降解率(X1)、 CP有效降解率(X2)、ADF有效降解率(X3) | Y=0.575X1-0.264X2+ 0.458X3+6.869 | 0.756 | <0.001 |
DM:干物质 dry matter;CP:粗蛋白质crude protein;OM:有机物 organic matter;ADF:酸性洗涤纤维 acid detergent fiber;NDF:中性洗涤纤维 neutral detergent fiber;EE:粗脂肪 ether extract。 |
