Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2025 , Vol. 37 >Issue 8: 5120 - 5129

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2025.417

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Enteromorpha prolifera Polysaccharides-Calcium on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes and Slaughter Performance of Yellow Feather Broilers

  • LIU Siwei , 1, 2 ,
  • CHEN Mingzhe 1 ,
  • ZHANG Nan 3 ,
  • WANG Tianli 2, 4 ,
  • HU Siqi 1 ,
  • WANG Haihua 3 ,
  • HE Liuqin , 1, 2, * ,
  • LI Tiejun , 2, *
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  • 1 Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
  • 2 National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
  • 3 Qingdao Seawin Biotech Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China
  • 4 College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
*HE Liuqin, professor, E-mail: ;
LI Tiejun, professor, E-mail:

Received date: 2025-01-08

  Online published: 2025-08-14

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Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharides-calcium (EPP-Ca) on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes and slaughter performance of yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 360 one-day-old yellow-feathered male broilers with similar body weight [(29.60±0.02) g] and good health were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharides (EPP) group, LEPP-Ca group, HEPP-Ca group, with 6 replicates in each group and 15 broilers in each replicate. The control group was fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, and the diets of EPP group, LEPP-Ca group and HEPP-Ca group were supplemented with 200 mg/kg EPP, 200mg/kg EPP-Ca and 400 mg/kg EPP-Ca on the basis of the basal diet, respectively. The experiment lasted for 70 days. The results showed as follows: 1) during the whole experiment, the average daily feed intake of HEPP-Ca group was significantly lower than that of the other three groups (P<0.05); the average daily gain of LEPP-Ca group was significantly higher than that of the other three groups (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the feed-to-gain ratio of the EPP group, LEPP-Ca group and HEPP-Ca group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 2) On the 28th day of the experiment, the total protein (TP) content in serum of LEPP-Ca group was significantly higher than that of EPP group and HEPP-Ca group (P<0.05); on the 70th day of the experiment, compared with the control group, the serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity of the HEPP-Ca group was significantly increased (P<0.05). 3) The breast muscle rate of LEPP-Ca group was significantly higher than that of EPP group and HEPP-Ca group (P<0.05), and the abdominal fat rate was significantly lower than that of control group and EPP group (P<0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, the heart index of EPP group, LEPP-Ca group and HEPP-Ca group increased significantly (P<0.05), and the liver index of HEPP-Ca group decreased significantly (P<0.05). The spleen index of LEPP-Ca group was significantly higher than that of control group, EPP group and HEPP-Ca group (P<0.05). In summary, the addition of 200 mg/kg EPP-Ca to the diet can improve the growth performance of yellow-feathered broilers, increase the chest muscle rate, promote the body’s metabolism of protein and the growth and development of immune organs, and thus improve the body’s immunity.

Key words： Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharides; Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharides-calcium; yellow-feathered broilers; growth performance; serum biochemical indexes; slaughter performance

Cite this article

LIU Siwei , CHEN Mingzhe , ZHANG Nan , WANG Tianli , HU Siqi , WANG Haihua , HE Liuqin , LI Tiejun . Effects of Enteromorpha prolifera Polysaccharides-Calcium on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes and Slaughter Performance of Yellow Feather Broilers[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2025 , 37(8) : 5120 -5129 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2025.417

黄羽肉鸡养殖业是我国家禽业中的特色产业,2022年黄羽肉鸡出栏量占我国肉鸡出栏量的38%[1]。然而,在集约化养殖中,肉鸡饲养密度大,容易产生应激反应,进而导致其采食量下降,生长发育缓慢,免疫力降低,患病率增加,严重影响肉鸡的养殖效益[2-5]。浒苔多糖(EPP)是浒苔中的活性物质之一,从天然绿藻浒苔粉中经酶解提取、纯化、浓缩、喷雾干燥而成,主要由鼠李糖、木糖、葡萄糖等单糖组成,富含糖醛酸和硫酸基,具有抗衰老、抗肿瘤、降血糖、免疫调节、抗病毒等生物学功能[6-8]。天然多糖具有良好的亲水性和生物相容性,其功能可以通过金属化或其他结构化学修饰来增强[9]。EPP的糖醛酸和硫酸基多糖具有较强的金属螯合力,能与铁、锌、硒、铜等金属离子相结合,形成有机金属化合物。研究表明,EPP与锌配合,可减轻脂多糖诱导的肉鸡肠道炎症[10];浒苔多糖锌(EPP-Zn)可缓解肠道炎症,进而改善断奶仔猪的健康状况[11];EPP与铁配合,具有铁强化剂和免疫调节剂的作用[12]。但有关EPP的金属络合物浒苔多糖钙(EPP-Ca)的应用效果却鲜有研究报道,特别是饲粮中添加EPP-Ca能否改善肉鸡生长性能和健康状态尚不清晰。因此,本试验旨在探讨EPP-Ca对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及屠宰性能的影响,以期为EPP-Ca在肉鸡生产中应用提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验设计

本研究的动物试验经过中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所动物福利委员会的批准(编号ISA-2024-0098)。选用1日龄体重相近、健康状况良好的黄羽肉鸡公鸡360只,平均体重(29.60±0.02) g,随机分为4组(对照组、EPP组、LEPP-Ca组和HEPP-Ca组),每组6个重复,每个重复15只肉鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,EPP组在基础饲粮的基础上添加200 mg/kg EPP,LEPP-Ca组和HEPP-Ca组在基础饲粮的基础上分别添加200和400 mg/kg EPP-Ca。试验所用EPP中多糖含量为59.63%,EPP-Ca中多糖含量为27.86%、钙(Ca)含量为12.86%。饲养试验为期70 d,分为3个阶段饲养,第1阶段是第1~28天,第2阶段是第29~49天,第3阶段是第50~70天。

1.2 饲养管理

参考《产蛋鸡和肉鸡配合饲料》(GB/T 5916—2020)配制基础饲粮,其组成及营养水平见表1。试验期间肉鸡采用笼养方式饲养,24 h自由采食和自由饮水,饲粮以粉料形式饲喂,使用保温灯控温,自然通风。
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis) %

项目
Items		 饲养阶段Feeding stages
第1~28天
Days 1 to 28		 第29~49天
Days 29 to 49		 第50~70天
Days 50 to 70
原料Ingredients
玉米Corn 60.00 68.56 72.82
豆粕Soybean meal 34.44 27.00 23.00
豆油Soybean oil 1.00 0.50 0.50
赖氨酸Lys 0.10 0.10 0.10
蛋氨酸Met 0.17 0.17 0.17
苏氨酸Thr 0.12 0.12 0.12
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 1.82 1.24 0.96
石粉Limestone 1.02 0.98 1.00
食盐NaCl 0.33 0.33 0.33
预混料Premix1) 1.00 1.00 1.00
合计Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels2)
代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) 12.12 12.37 12.66
粗蛋白质CP 19.93 17.32 16.33
粗纤维CF 1.87 1.62 1.45
粗灰分Ash 2.33 2.09 1.95
钙Ca 0.90 0.74 0.68
总磷TP 0.67 0.55 0.49
非植酸磷NPP 0.43 0.33 0.28
赖氨酸Lys 1.07 0.90 0.81
蛋氨酸Met 0.45 0.42 0.40
苏氨酸Thr 0.77 0.68 0.63
色氨酸Trp 0.21 0.18 0.16
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys 0.72 0.67 0.64

1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 15 000 IU,VB1 3 mg,VB2 8 mg,VB12 0.03 mg,VB6 7 mg,VE 20 mg,VK 33 mg,VD 32 500 IU,生物素 biotin 0.1 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 20 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.5 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 50 mg,Zn 110 mg,I 0.6 mg,Cu 9 mg,Fe 100 mg,Se 0.16 mg,Mn 100 mg。
2)粗蛋白质(GB/T 6432—2018)、粗纤维(GB/T 6434—2006)、粗灰分(GB/T 6438—2007)、钙(GB/T 6436—2018)和总磷(GB/T 6437—2018)含量参照对应的国家标准进行测定,其他指标均为计算值,依据《中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2021年第32版)》中各原料对应数值计算。The contents of CP (GB/T 6432—2018), CF (GB/T 6434—2006) and Ash (GB/T 6438—2007), Ca (GB/T 6436—2018) and TP (GB/T 6437—2018) were determined with reference to the corresponding national standards, while the others were calculated values, which were calculated according to the corresponding values of each raw material in the China Feed Composition and Nutritional Value Table ( 32nd edition, 2021).

1.3 测定指标及方法

1.3.1 生长性能

在试验第1、28和70天,提前12 h禁食后,空腹称重,记录1、28和70日龄体重,并计算平均日增重(ADG);每次饲喂前清理料槽,并对剩料进行称重记录,计算平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)。

ADG=(总增重/试验鸡数)/试验天数;

ADFI=(总采食量/试验鸡数)/试验天数;

F/G=ADFI/ADG。

1.3.2 血清生化指标

在试验第28和70天,每个重复采集1只鸡的血液样本到真空采血管中,静置1 h后3 500×g离心10 min,将血清转移到EP管中,保存在-80 ℃待测。血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、葡萄糖(GLU)含量与谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性使用试剂盒(北京利曼德生化股份有限公司)测定,操作步骤参考试剂盒中所附说明书,并借助全自动生化分析仪(Cobas C311,巴塞尔,瑞士)分析。

1.3.3 屠宰性能

在试验第70天,每个重复选取1只肉鸡称重,记录活重后将肉鸡颈部放血致死,拔掉羽毛、沥干水分,称量并记录肉鸡屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重和腹脂重,计算屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率。

屠宰率(%)=[屠体重(g)/活重(g)]×100;

半净膛率(%)=[半净膛重(g)/屠体重(g)]×100;

全净膛率(%)=[全净膛重(g)/屠体重(g)]×100;

胸肌率(%)=[胸肌重(g)/全净膛重(g)]×100;

腿肌率(%)=[腿肌重(g)/全净膛重(g)]×100;

腹脂率(%)=[腹脂重(g)/全净膛重(g)]×100。

1.3.4 器官指数

取上述屠宰肉鸡的心脏、肝脏、胰脏、胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊、肌胃、腺胃和肠道称重,计算各器官指数。

器官指数(%)=[器官重量(g)/活重(g)]×100。

1.4 统计分析

试验数据采用SPSS 26.0统计软件进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)和Duncan氏法进行多重比较,结果以“平均值±标准误”表示,差异显著水平为P<0.05,差异极显著水平为P<0.01。

2 结果

2.1 EPP-Ca对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响

由表2可知,与对照组相比,EPP组和LEPP-Ca组28日龄体重显著增加(P<0.05)。在第1~28天阶段,肉鸡平均日采食量各组间无显著差异(P>0.05);EPP组和LEPP-Ca组平均日增重显著高于对照组和HEPP-Ca组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,EPP组料重比无显著变化(P>0.05),而HEPP-Ca组和LEPP-Ca组料重比显著降低(P<0.05),且LEPP-Ca组料重比相较于EPP组同样显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,LEPP-Ca组70日龄体重显著增加(P<0.05)。在第1~70天阶段,HEPP-Ca组平均日采食量相比较于其他3组显著降低(P<0.05);LEPP-Ca组平均日增重显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),HEPP-Ca组平均日增重显著低于其他3组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,EPP组、LEPP-Ca组和HEPP-Ca组肉鸡料重比均显著降低(P<0.05),其中LEPP-Ca组料重比最低。
表2 EPP-Ca对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响

Table 2 Effects of EPP-Ca on growth performance of yellow-feathered broilers

项目
Items		 组别Groups P值
P-value
对照CON EPP LEPP-Ca HEPP-Ca
1日龄体重BW at 1 day of age/g 29.66±0.16 29.61±0.40 29.53±0.34 29.62±0.37 0.071
28日龄体重BW at 28 day of age/g 508.40±5.13b 529.20±3.38a 537.80±6.34a 508.20±4.53b <0.001
70日龄体重BW at 70 day of age/g 1 670.75±20.32bc 1 695.48±16.7b 1 799.63±9.01a 1 630.95±17.24c <0.001

第1~28天
Days 1 to 28		 平均日采食量ADFI/g 31.97±0.27 31.95±0.54 31.66±0.24 30.71±0.22 0.057
平均日增重ADG/g 17.15±0.16b 17.84±0.12a 18.06±0.21a 16.95±0.33b <0.001
料重比F/G 1.85±0.02a 1.81±0.02ab 1.75±0.02c 1.79±0.00bc 0.003

第1~70天
Days 1 to 70		 平均日采食量ADFI/g 70.18±0.57a 70.27±0.37a 70.51±0.45a 68.04±0.80b 0.026
平均日增重ADG/g 23.33±0.26b 23.90±0.22b 25.23±0.12a 22.69±0.16c <0.001
料重比F/G 3.05±0.01a 2.93±0.02b 2.79±0.01c 2.95±0.03b <0.001

同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。

In the same row, values with different lowercase letter superscripts indicated significant difference (P<0.05), while with no letter or the same letter superscripts indicated no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below.

2.2 EPP-Ca对黄羽肉鸡血清生化指标的影响

由表3可知,在试验第28天,LEPP-Ca组血清中TP含量与对照组相比虽无显著增加(P>0.05),但呈增加趋势,与EPP组和HEPP-Ca组相比则显著增加(P<0.05);饲粮中添加200 mg/kg EPP或200和400 mg/kg EPP-Ca对血清中ALB、GLU含量以及ALT、AST、ALP活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。
表3 EPP-Ca对28日龄肉鸡血清生化指标的影响

Table 3 Effects of EPP-Ca on serum biochemical indexes of 28-day-old yellow-feathered broilers

项目
Items		 组别Groups P值
P-value
对照CON EPP LEPP-Ca HEPP-Ca
总蛋白TP/(g/L) 29.28±0.62ab 28.28±0.56b 30.86±0.41a 28.96±0.62b 0.030
白蛋白ALB/(g/L) 9.12±0.20 8.93±0.35 10.34±0.40 9.23±0.42 0.065
谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) 4.34±0.76 5.58±0.63 3.08±0.38 4.65±1.07 0.197
谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) 219.00±3.27 226.50±7.29 210.60±5.08 217.60±5.05 0.278
碱性磷酸酶ALP/(U/L) 1 363.60±120.03 1 694.33±199.54 1 421.40±160.53 1 872.67±261.79 0.324
葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) 12.10±0.28 12.72±0.14 12.25±0.21 12.28±0.12 0.201
由表4可知,在试验第70天,与对照组相比,HEPP-Ca组血清中ALT活性显著增加(P<0.05),LEPP-Ca组血清中ALT活性相较于对照组也有所增加,但未达显著水平(P<0.05);饲粮中添加200 mg/kg EPP或200和400 mg/kg EPP-Ca对血清中TP、ALB、GLU含量以及ALP、AST活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。
表4 EPP-Ca对70日龄肉鸡血清生化指标的影响

Table 4 Effects of EPP-Ca on serum biochemical indexes of 70-day-old yellow-feathered broilers

项目
Items		 组别Groups P值
P-value
对照CON EPP LEPP-Ca HEPP-Ca
总蛋白TP/(g/L) 36.18±1.56 37.44±0.44 38.00±1.39 34.50±0.73 0.050
白蛋白ALB/(g/L) 10.77±0.51 10.72±0.14 11.03±0.49 11.08±0.89 0.935
谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) 1.82±0.20bc 1.10±0.34c 2.15±0.32b 3.14±0.34a 0.004
谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) 199.17±9.71 198.83±7.61 211.67±5.29 216.20±3.79 0.260
碱性磷酸酶ALP/(U/L) 1 075.80±167.67 1 384.00±224.67 923.17±73.00 1 178.00±26.65 0.068
葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) 12.53±0.51 11.54±0.07 10.85±0.29 12.00±0.46 0.088

2.3 EPP-Ca对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能的影响

由表5可知,饲粮中添加200 mg/kg EPP或200和400 mg/kg EPP-Ca对屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率和腿肌率均无显著影响(P>0.05);LEPP-Ca组胸肌率与对照组相比虽无显著增加但仍增长了11.27%(P>0.05),与EPP组和HEPP-Ca组相比,LEPP-Ca组胸肌率显著提高(P<0.05);与对照组和EPP组相比,LEPP-Ca组腹脂率显著降低(P<0.05)。
表5 EPP-Ca对70日龄黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能的影响

Table 5 Effects of EPP-Ca on slaughter performance of 70-day-old yellow-feathered broilers %

项目
Items		 组别Groups P值
P-value
对照CON EPP LEPP-Ca HEPP-Ca
屠宰率Dressing percentage 90.67±1.26 89.60±0.42 89.38±0.68 88.27±1.71 0.531
半净膛率
Half eviscerated yield percentage		 89.76±1.25 90.42±0.34 90.79±0.77 90.04±0.47 0.808
全净膛率Eviscerated yield percentage 79.90±0.91 80.98±0.82 82.03±1.21 81.08±0.82 0.490
胸肌率Chest muscle percentage 17.30±0.69ab 16.05±0.23b 19.25±0.76a 15.94±0.84b 0.008
腿肌率Leg muscle percentage 16.75±0.38 17.21±0.36 17.16±0.44 17.55±0.97 0.821
腹脂率Abdominal fat percentage 5.15±0.28a 5.54±0.26a 4.04±0.37b 4.68±0.41ab 0.022

2.4 EPP-Ca对黄羽肉鸡器官指数的影响

由表6可知,与对照组相比,EPP组、LEPP-Ca组和HEPP-Ca组心脏指数均显著增加(P<0.05),HEPP-Ca组肝脏指数相较于对照组和LEPP-Ca组显著降低(P<0.05);LEPP-Ca组脾脏指数显著高于其他3组(P<0.05);胰脏、胸腺、法氏囊、肌胃、腺胃及肠道指数各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表6 EPP-Ca对70日龄黄羽肉鸡器官指数的影响

Table 6 Effects of EPP-Ca on organ indices of 70-day-old yellow-feathered broilers %

项目
Items		 组别Groups P值
P-value
CON EPP LEPP-Ca HEPP-Ca
心脏指数Heart index 0.34±0.01a 0.44±0.01b 0.46±0.02b 0.48±0.01b <0.001
肝脏指数Liver index 2.08±0.05a 2.00±0.09ab 2.14±0.13a 1.76±0.05b 0.037
胰脏指数Pancreas index 0.23±0.01 0.23±0.02 0.24±0.01 0.25±0.00 0.561
胸腺指数Thymus index 0.28±0.05 0.38±0.02 0.38±0.06 0.30±0.04 0.281
脾脏指数Spleen index 0.19±0.01b 0.21±0.02b 0.27±0.25a 0.20±0.02b 0.013
法氏囊指数Bursa of Fabricius index 0.22±0.03 0.22±0.01 0.16±0.02 0.23±0.01 0.081
肌胃指数Muscular stomach index 1.24±0.10 1.32±0.08 1.33±0.04 1.41±0.17 0.737
腺胃指数Glandular stomach index 0.33±0.01 0.41±0.02 0.36±0.04 0.40±0.04 0.349
肠道指数Intestine index 5.43±0.19 5.04±0.27 4.64±0.21 4.87±0.25 0.141

3 讨论

3.1 EPP-Ca对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响

家禽生长性能的高低是评判饲料添加剂是否发挥功能和经济效益高低的最直接指标。EPP中含有丰富的氨基酸、脂肪酸等营养物质以及多种生物活性物质如萜类,具有增强营养、改善免疫力、提高抗氧化和抗炎能力、调节机体代谢等作用[13]。研究表明,在饲粮中添加一定剂量的EPP对仔猪[14]、肉鸡[15]等动物的生长表现出明显的促进作用,本研究结果与此类似。钙和磷是家禽必需的重要矿物元素,对维持骨骼和肌肉正常生长、能量代谢和营养物质吸收等生理机能至关重要[16]。适宜的饲粮钙和磷水平有利于提高肉鸡的增重、采食量及饲料转化率[17]。本试验中,在基础饲粮中添加200 mg/kg EPP-Ca能显著提高肉鸡育雏和生长育成阶段的体重和平均日增重,并显著降低了料重比,且相较于添加200 mg/kg EPP效果更明显。这或许是因为EPP与钙螯合后形成的EPP-Ca兼具了EPP和钙的优势,功能得到了一定程度的增强,促进了肉鸡的生长发育,但EPP-Ca发挥作用的具体分子机制还有待进一步研究。过高的饲粮钙或磷水平会产生抗营养作用,影响肉鸡对营养物质的吸收和利用[18-19]。这或许可以解释本试验中添加了400 mg/kg EPP-Ca反而会抑制肉鸡生长性能的结果,这也提示我们在生产中应用EPP-Ca应注意剂量效应。

3.2 EPP-Ca对黄羽肉鸡血清生化指标的影响

作为反映机体代谢情况和生理状态的敏感指标之一,血清生化指标能很好地反映动物机体的健康状态[20-21]。饲粮中添加EPP可以提高滩羊血清中TP含量[22]。TP含量能够在一定程度上反映机体对蛋白质的摄入情况和吸收能力[23-24]。本试验中,饲粮中添加200 mg/kg EPP-Ca提高了肉鸡育雏阶段的血清TP和ALB含量,说明200 mg/kg EPP-Ca的添加能促进雏鸡对蛋白质的代谢,可以更好的吸收利用蛋白质,进而促进生长发育,同时促进免疫系统的形成,提高免疫机能。在肉鸡育成阶段,饲粮中添加200 mg/kg EPP-Ca降低了血清中ALP活性,说明EPP-Ca可以在一定程度上减缓机体的应激,促进肉鸡更好的育肥。ALT是一种吡哆醛酶,主要存在于肝脏和肾脏中,但也有少量存在于心脏、肌肉、脂肪和大脑中[25-27]。本试验中,在肉鸡育成阶段,尽管200和400 mg/kg EPP-Ca的添加使肉鸡血清中ALT活性相比于对照组有所增加,但仍处于正常范围内,推测可能是添加EPP-Ca提高了肉鸡的脂肪代谢,从而加重了肝脏负担,导致血清中ALT活性的上升。

3.3 EPP-Ca对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能的影响

肉鸡的活体品质直接关系到屠宰性能,屠宰性能也是唯一与营养价值并列的重要指标,屠宰率和全净膛率被公认为是衡量肉鸡产肉性能的主要指标[28-30]。本试验发现,肉鸡屠宰率在89%左右,全净膛率则在80%左右,且各组间无显著差异,说明饲粮中添加200 mg/kg EPP或200和400 mg/kg EPP-Ca不会影响肉鸡的产肉性能。但是,饲粮中添加200 mg/kg EPP-Ca提高了肉鸡的胸肌率,推测其原因:一方面可能是EPP-Ca中含有丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸和小肽,其可平衡饲粮中营养成分,使其更容易被机体吸收、利用和沉积;另一方面可能是由于EPP-Ca能够调节肉鸡糖和脂代谢,增加蛋白质合成代谢速率,减少脂肪的沉积,进而提高了肉鸡胸肌率。相对于白羽肉鸡,黄羽肉鸡沉积脂肪的能力更强,因此在养殖中其腹脂率的降低能提高饲料转化率及肉品质[31],本试验中LEPP-Ca组腹脂率显著降低也证实了这一点。

3.4 EPP-Ca对黄羽肉鸡器官指数的影响

内脏器官正常发育是发挥各功能的基础,器官指数的高低意味着功能是否健全或代谢是否旺盛,器官发育的好坏亦是动物健康生长的基础[32]。脾脏是动物体内最大的淋巴器官,参与机体的免疫调节[33]。研究显示,在基础饲粮中添加400 mg/kg EPP可在一定程度上改善肉鸡肠道结构完整性和免疫功能[34]。本试验中,在基础饲粮中添加200 mg/kg EPP-Ca能显著提高肉鸡的脾脏指数,表明适宜剂量的EPP-Ca对脾脏有一定的保护作用,并能在一定程度上促进肉鸡免疫器官的生长发育,进而提高机体免疫力,从而改善生长性能。

4 结论

饲粮中添加200 mg/kg EPP-Ca能在一定程度上改善黄羽肉鸡的生长性能,提高胸肌率,促进机体对蛋白质的代谢和免疫器官生长发育,进而提高机体免疫力。

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