Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2025 , Vol. 37 >Issue 8: 5168 - 5180

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2025.421

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Water Extract of Vine Tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) on Performance, Egg Quality, Serum Biochemical Indices and Intestinal Morphology of Laying Hens

  • TAN Guifeng , 1 ,
  • ZHOU Junjuan 2 ,
  • LI Zhu 2 ,
  • LIU Chao 2 ,
  • WANG Wenmao 2 ,
  • HUANG Peng , 3, *
Expand
  • 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
  • 2 Hunan Qiankun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhangjiajie 427000, China
  • 3 College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
*professor, E-mail:

Received date: 2024-12-31

  Online published: 2025-08-14

Fold

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to explore the effects of dietary water extract of vine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) on performance, egg quality, serum biochemical indices and intestinal morphology of laying hens during later laying period. A total of 288 healthy Jingfen laying hens of 55-week-old with similar laying rate were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates in each group and 9 hens in each replicate. Hens in the control group were fed a basal diet, while those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg water extract of vine tea, respectively. The pre-test period was 5 days and the formal test period was 56 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, dietary 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg water extract of vine tea could significantly reduce the average daily feed intake of laying hens (P<0.05), dietary 50 mg/kg water extract of vine tea tended to reduce the feed-to-egg ratio (P=0.079), and dietary 75 mg/kg water extract of vine tea tended to reduce the defective egg rate (P=0.087); 2) compared with the control group, dietary 75 mg/kg water extract of vine tea significantly reduced the egg yolk color (P<0.05), and dietary 50 and 75 mg/kg water extract of vine tea significantly reduced the egg yolk ratio (P<0.05); 3) compared with the control group, dietary water extract of vine tea had no significant effect on serum biochemical indices of laying hens (P>0.05); 4) compared with the control group, dietary 50 mg/kg water extract of vine tea significantly reduced the serum tumor necrosis factor-α content of laying hens (P<0.05); 5) compared with the control group, dietary 75 mg/kg water extract of vine tea significantly increased the villus height in duodenum of laying hens (P<0.05), and significantly reduced the crypt depth in jejunum (P<0.05). In conclusion, adding an appropriate amount of water extract of vine tea to the diet of Jingfen laying hens can improve their performance, reduce the occurrence of inflammation and improve intestinal morphology. The suitable addition amounts of water extract of vine tea are 50 and 75 mg/kg.

Key words： water extract of vine tea; laying hens; performance; egg quality; serum biochemical indices; intestinal morphology

Cite this article

TAN Guifeng , ZHOU Junjuan , LI Zhu , LIU Chao , WANG Wenmao , HUANG Peng . Effects of Water Extract of Vine Tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) on Performance, Egg Quality, Serum Biochemical Indices and Intestinal Morphology of Laying Hens[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2025 , 37(8) : 5168 -5180 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2025.421

在动物生产中,饲用抗生素可以改善家禽生产性能,减少致病菌对宿主的感染[1]。然而,对于公共安全来说,应用抗生素会造成环境污染、耐药细菌数量增加和动物体内抗生素残留[2]。鉴于抗生素残留带来的严重危害,世界各地正逐步推进无抗养殖的实施进程[3]。在推进饲料无抗化的过程中,业界通过多种手段提升畜禽的生产水平和健康状况,包括改进饲养管理条件、优化选育和繁育策略、完善免疫程序、创新饲粮配方技术以及合理使用饲料添加剂等[4]。其中,植物提取物作为一种绿色、安全的饲料添加剂,能够有效改善畜禽的生产性能和肠道健康,替代部分抗生素功能[5]。植物提取物按照不同的活性成分,可分为以下几类,如多酚类、多糖类、生物碱类、黄酮类、皂苷类、有机酸类以及挥发油类等[6]。
莓茶,学名显齿蛇葡萄(Ampelopsis grossedentata Hand.-Mazz.),也称土家霉茶、茅岩莓茶、藤茶、甜茶及长寿茶等,是葡萄科、蛇葡萄属的一种落叶藤本植物[7]。莓茶为土家族常用药物,录于《土家族医药学》《全国中草药汇编》《湖南中药材(2009版)》等中医药专著中,在我国多个省份均有生长,且主要分布于贵州、云南、湖南和广西等地区[8]。莓茶含多种活性成分,其主要成分为黄酮类物质,且含量高达43%以上,被称为“黄酮之王”[9-10]。其黄酮类物质包括二氢杨梅素、杨梅素和杨梅苷等,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗病毒和神经保护等多种功能[11-13]。
前期研究表明,莓茶具有很好的抗氧化作用,可通过降低促炎细胞因子水平、提高肝脏中抗氧化酶活性以及激活十二指肠中核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)信号通路来有效缓解氧化应激[14-15]。因此,探究莓茶作为蛋鸡饲料添加剂的潜在效益和应用前景具有重要意义。基于此,本试验旨在探究莓茶水提物对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标和肠道形态的影响,为莓茶水提物在实际生产中的科学应用提供理论支持。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

莓茶水提物为市售产品,呈棕褐色固态粉状,其黄酮含量为43%。

1.2 试验设计

本试验经湖南农业大学动物实验伦理委员会批准,批准编号:HAU ACC 2022第(121)号。试验选取288只55周龄健康京粉蛋鸡(产蛋率为95%),随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复9只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮的基础上添加25、50和75 mg/kg莓茶水提物。预试期5 d,正试期56 d。
基础饲粮参照中华人民共和国农业行业标准《鸡饲养标准》(NY/T 33—2004)[16]配制,其组成及营养水平见表1。饲粮中粗蛋白质含量参照GB/T 6432—2018[17]中方法测定,粗脂肪含量参照GB/T 6433—2006[18]中方法测定,钙含量参照GB/T 6436—2018[19]中方法测定,总磷含量参照GB/T 6437—2018[20]中方法测定;饲粮代谢能以及有效磷和氨基酸含量参考《鸡饲养标准》(NY/T 33—2004)[16]进行计算。
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) %

项目Items 含量Content
原料Ingredients
玉米Corn 55.00
豆粕Soybean meal 25.00
麦麸Wheat bran 4.00
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 1.40
石粉Limestone 9.00
粗石粒Coarse stone grain 2.60
预混料Premix1) 3.00
合计Total 100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels2)
代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) 11.48
粗蛋白质CP 15.77
粗脂肪EE 2.56
赖氨酸Lys 0.76
蛋氨酸Met 0.35
钙Ca 3.65
总磷TP 0.59
有效磷AP 0.37

1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kilogram of the diet:VA 6 000 IU,VD3 2 500 IU,VE 25 IU,VB1 1.8 mg,VB2 7.0 mg,VB6 4 mg,VB12 0.02 mg,VK3 2.25 mg,生物素 biotin 0.14 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.8 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 12 mg,烟酸 niacin 35 mg,Cu 11 mg,Fe 60 mg,Mn 115 mg,Zn 70 mg,I 0.40 mg,Se 0.30 mg。
2)代谢能、有效磷和氨基酸为计算值,其余为实测值。ME, AP and amino acids were calculated values, while the other were measured values.

1.3 饲养管理

本试验于2023年5—7月在湖南省常德市安乡县螺蛳垱试验蛋鸡场进行。试验采用密闭式鸡舍3层阶梯式单笼饲养,每笼3只鸡。试验期间,蛋鸡自由采食和饮水,每天11:00和14:00准时收集鸡蛋,07:00和17:00各饲喂1次饲粮,采食后巡查鸡舍。舍内温度、相对湿度和通风由水帘保持一致,通过栏舍内照明灯使光照时间保持在16 h/d,按照常规饲养标准和正常免疫程序进行管理。

1.4 测定指标及方法

1.4.1 生产性能

试验期内,每天以重复为单位准确记录蛋鸡的产蛋数、蛋重、不合格蛋(包含软壳蛋、破壳蛋和畸形蛋)数及采食量等。基于记录的数据计算出每组的产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日采食量、料蛋比和不合格蛋率。计算公式如下:

产蛋率(%)=100×总产蛋数/(试验鸡只数×试验天数);

平均蛋重(g)=总产蛋重/总产蛋数;

平均日采食量(g/d)=(饲粮投喂量-饲粮剩余量)/(试验鸡只数×试验天数);

料蛋比=总饲粮消耗量/总产蛋重;

不合格蛋率(%)=100×总不合格蛋数/总产蛋数。

1.4.2 蛋品质

于正试期第56天,分别从各重复中取3枚鸡蛋进行蛋品质测定。采用电子天平称量蛋重和蛋黄重,并计算蛋黄比例;采用电子数显游标卡尺(Orka Technology Ltd.)测定每枚鸡蛋的横径和纵径,并计算蛋形指数;采用电子数显游标卡尺(Orka Technology Ltd.)测量蛋壳厚度;采用蛋壳强度测定仪(Orka Technology Ltd.)测定蛋壳强度;采用罗氏比色扇测定蛋黄颜色;采用蛋品质分析仪(Orka Technology Ltd.)测定蛋白高度和哈氏单位。相关计算公式如下:

蛋形指数=横径/纵径;

蛋黄比例(%)=100×蛋黄重/全蛋重。

1.4.3 血清生化指标

于正试期第56天,从每个重复中随机选择6只体重接近该组平均体重的蛋鸡(空腹8 h),通过颈部静脉采集10 mL血样,静置后让血液凝固,再以1 000×g离心10 min;将离心管上层的血清分装,并保存于-20 ℃的环境中,用于检测血清指标。采用全自动生化分析仪(卓越450,上海科华生物工程股份有限公司)测定血清中钙、磷、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、葡萄糖(GLU)和尿酸(UA)含量以及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,并计算白球比(A/G)。所用试剂盒均购自上海科华生物工程股份有限公司。

1.4.4 血清免疫相关因子含量

利用酶标仪(Infinite F50,Tecan,瑞士),采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂盒测定血清中免疫相关因子白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulin G,IgG)和免疫球蛋白M(immunoglobulin M,IgM)含量。操作步骤严格按照试剂盒说明书进行。

1.4.5 肠道形态

于正试期第56天,从每个重复中随机选取6只试验鸡进行屠宰,从十二指肠、空肠和回肠中部分别截取约1 cm的组织样本,浸泡在4%多聚甲醛溶液中进行固定,然后进行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色处理。采用Nikon图像分析系统,测量小肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度,并计算绒隐比(绒毛高度/隐窝深度)。

1.5 数据统计分析

试验数据首先采用Excel 2019软件进行初步整理,然后采用SPSS 26.0软件进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),并采用Duncan氏法进行组间多重比较。结果数据采用“平均值±标准误”形式表示,P<0.05为差异显著,0.05≤P<0.10表示差异有显著趋势。

2 结果与分析

2.1 饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

由表2可知,与对照组相比,饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡产蛋率和平均蛋重均无显著影响(P>0.05);饲粮添加25、50和75 mg/kg莓茶水提物均可显著降低平均日采食量(P<0.05);饲粮添加50 mg/kg莓茶水提物有降低料蛋比的趋势(P=0.079);饲粮添加75 mg/kg莓茶水提物有降低不合格蛋率的趋势(P=0.087)。
表2 饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

Table 2 Effects of dietary water extract of vine tea on performance of laying hens

项目
Items		 对照组
Control group		 莓茶水提物添加量
Water extract of vine tea addition amount/(mg/kg)		 P值
P-value
25 50 75
产蛋率Laying rate/% 94.62±2.59 91.28±3.73 92.85±2.97 89.38±1.63 0.606
平均蛋重Average egg weight/g 60.88±1.19 59.41±0.08 59.30±0.12 59.31±0.14 0.206
平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) 116.70±0.02a 104.33±0.03c 100.35±0.03d 110.19±0.03b <0.001
料蛋比F/E 2.05±0.08 1.95±0.09 1.84±0.06 2.08±0.04 0.079
不合格蛋率Defective egg rate/% 0.43±0.15 0.70±0.11 0.42±0.07 0.28±0.10 0.087

同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。

In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below.

2.2 饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡蛋品质的影响

由表3可知,与对照组相比,饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋白高度和哈氏单位均无显著影响(P>0.05);饲粮添加75 mg/kg莓茶水提物显著降低蛋黄颜色(P<0.05);饲粮添加50和75 mg/kg莓茶水提物显著降低蛋黄比例(P<0.05)。
表3 饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡蛋品质的影响

Table 3 Effects of dietary water extract of vine tea on egg quality of laying hens

项目
Items		 对照组
Control group		 莓茶水提物添加量
Water extract of vine tea addition amount/(mg/kg)		 P值
P-value
25 50 75
蛋重Egg weight/g 58.87±0.50 57.11±0.99 57.46±0.87 56.49±0.67 0.204
蛋形指数Egg shape index 1.30±0.00 1.32±0.01 1.31±0.01 1.30±0.00 0.069
蛋壳厚度Eggshell thickness/mm 0.35±0.01 0.36±0.01 0.37±0.00 0.36±0.01 0.133
蛋壳强度Eggshell strength/(kg/cm2) 3.01±0.25 3.25±0.21 3.40±0.17 3.38±0.13 0.473
蛋黄颜色Egg yolk color 6.50±0.11a 6.39±0.10a 6.44±0.22a 5.72±0.20b 0.012
蛋黄比例Egg yolk ratio/% 29.16±0.23a 28.53±0.39ab 27.50±0.19c 27.85±0.25bc 0.002
蛋白高度Albumen height/mm 3.43±0.17 4.21±0.43 3.56±0.16 3.49±0.13 0.137
哈氏单位Haugh unit 51.36±2.80 61.36±4.25 53.84±2.66 55.46±1.39 0.136

2.3 饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡血清生化指标的影响

由表4可知,与对照组相比,饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡血清生化指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。
表4 饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡血清生化指标的影响

Table 4 Effects of dietary water extract of vine tea on serum biochemical indices of laying hens

项目
Items		 对照组
Control group		 莓茶水提物添加量
Water extract of vine tea addition amount/(mg/kg)		 P值
P-value
25 50 75
钙Ca/(mmol/L) 5.31±0.22 5.43±0.19 5.10±0.29 5.21±0.17 0.749
磷P/(mmol/L) 2.46±0.32 3.16±0.51 2.25±0.25 2.38±0.28 0.295
谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) 2.85±0.54 3.66±0.33 2.92±0.56 3.29±0.71 0.748
谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) 350.96±16.73 338.24±21.65 374.72±19.61 320.47±18.12 0.265
碱性磷酸酶ALP/(U/L) 656.19±153.74 448.59±62.05 760.83±133.67 420.96±90.38 0.150
总蛋白TP/(g/L) 57.60±2.81 58.57±1.54 61.01±1.72 57.77±1.93 0.632
白蛋白ALB/(g/L) 22.68±1.09 24.71±0.49 24.99±0.87 24.02±1.24 0.322
球蛋白GLB/(g/L) 34.83±2.27 33.83±1.42 36.17±1.30 33.83±0.75 0.675
白球比A/G 0.66±0.04 0.74±0.03 0.70±0.02 0.71±0.03 0.392
葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) 12.28±0.45 10.59±1.59 12.18±0.53 13.53±0.58 0.193
尿酸UA/(μmol/L) 246.17±36.45 288.33±71.49 206.83±20.62 175.17±22.28 0.300
总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L) 3.24±0.34 2.94±0.35 3.42±0.35 3.61±0.30 0.565
甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) 15.66±2.26 14.42±2.64 16.73±2.05 20.85±2.99 0.324
高密度脂蛋白HDL/(mmol/L) 1.46±0.13 1.29±0.14 1.38±0.09 1.54±0.13 0.567
低密度脂蛋白LDL/(mmol/L) 0.84±0.13 0.63±0.10 0.87±0.21 0.92±0.09 0.483

2.4 饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡血清免疫相关因子含量的影响

如图1所示,与对照组相比,饲粮添加50 mg/kg莓茶水提物显著降低蛋鸡血清TNF-α含量(P<0.05);饲粮添加莓茶水提物对血清IL-6、IL-1β、IgG和IgM含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。
图1 饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡血清免疫相关因子含量的影响

*表示与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig.1 Effects of dietary water extract of vine tea on serum contents of immune related factors of laying hens

* indicated significant difference compared with the control group (P<0.05).

2.5 饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡肠道形态的影响

如图2所示,各组蛋鸡肠道形态正常,均无病理损伤。由表5可知,与对照组相比,饲粮添加75 mg/kg莓茶水提物显著提高蛋鸡十二指肠绒毛高度(P<0.05);饲粮添加75 mg/kg莓茶水提物显著降低空肠隐窝深度(P<0.05);饲粮添加25 mg/kg莓茶水提物有提高空肠绒毛高度的趋势(P=0.099)。
图2 饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡肠道形态的影响

Fig.2 Effects of dietary water extract of vine tea on intestinal morphology of laying hens (10×)

表5 饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡肠道形态的影响

Table 5 Effects of dietary water extract of vine tea on intestinal morphology of laying hens

项目
Items		 对照组
Control group		 莓茶水提物添加量
Water extract of vine tea addition amount/(mg/kg)		 P值
P-value
25 50 75
十二指肠Duodenum
绒毛高度VH/μm 817.22±47.98b 895.56±53.31b 774.86±56.03b 1 062.62±46.50a 0.018
隐窝深度CD/μm 254.91±18.15 283.02±13.04 439.99±168.26 365.24±23.76 0.459
绒隐比VH/CD 3.21±0.04 3.19±0.33 2.19±0.57 2.95±0.32 0.244
空肠Jejunum
绒毛高度VH/μm 835.93±87.25 891.13±69.61 695.80±63.99 646.97±38.29 0.099
隐窝深度CD/μm 238.70±17.17a 266.39±21.84a 227.57±15.92a 164.98±16.45b 0.022
绒隐比VH/CD 3.52±0.40 3.37±0.29 3.05±0.11 3.95±0.16 0.194
回肠Ileum
绒毛高度VH/μm 752.60±25.24 858.77±31.79 719.84±41.82 786.79±64.32 0.211
隐窝深度CD/μm 159.79±21.46 172.32±8.33 152.23±4.69 200.59±11.19 0.119
绒隐比VH/CD 4.92±0.79 5.01±0.33 4.75±0.42 3.91±0.12 0.402

3 讨论

3.1 饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

酸化剂、微生态制剂、酶制剂和植物提取物等饲料添加剂常用于蛋鸡绿色养殖中[21]。黄酮类化合物可以提高动物体内消化酶的活性,促进营养物质在肠道内的消化吸收,从而改善饲粮的消化利用率;同时,黄酮类化合物还通过调节动物下丘脑-垂体-靶器官生长轴的功能,进而提高其生长性能[22]。研究表明,莓茶的活性成分能够显著提升动物的生长性能和屠宰性能,并有效增强机体免疫力[23]。藤茶黄酮可提高仔猪的平均日增重,并降低其料重比[24]。熊云霞等[25]研究发现,在体重为30~75 kg的去势公猪基础饲粮中添加0.03%藤茶提取物,可显著提高其生长性能。戴青[26]研究表明,在肉鸡饲粮中添加0.025%和0.050%的藤茶提取物均能显著提升其生长性能,且添加0.050%藤茶提取物的效果更为显著,能使瑶山鸡全期日增重提高9.4%,并且使第53~70天期间的料重比显著降低16.7%。崔志英等[27]研究发现,0.05%的二氢杨梅素与有机微量元素协同作用,可使蛋鸡产蛋率比对照组提高4.67%,料蛋比下降3.9%,并且有效降低了破蛋率和脏蛋率。李辉等[7]研究发现,饲粮添加0.4%莓茶素,即二氢杨梅素含量为0.1%时可以显著提高文昌鸡的末重和平均日增重,显著降低料重比。研究发现,金银花和黄芩提取物可显著提高蛋鸡全期产蛋率,在产蛋后期蛋鸡饲粮中添加0.2%黄芩和党参可以降低蛋鸡破蛋率[28]。本研究发现,饲粮添加25、50和75 mg/kg莓茶水提物均显著降低蛋鸡平均日采食量;饲粮添加50和75 mg/kg莓茶水提物分别降低蛋鸡料蛋比和不合格蛋率,这说明饲粮添加莓茶水提物可能通过提高蛋鸡对饲粮的消化吸收能力,从而改善其生产性能。

3.2 饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡蛋品质的影响

在产蛋后期,蛋鸡经过长时间的高产蛋,会消耗大量骨骼中的钙,导致钙储备不足,这不仅会影响蛋鸡的骨骼健康,还会使鸡蛋的品质逐渐下降,包括蛋壳强度、蛋白和蛋黄质量等[29]。蛋白高度、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、哈氏单位、蛋黄颜色、蛋黄比例及蛋形指数等指标是衡量蛋鸡鸡蛋品质的关键指标[30]。研究表明,金银花黄芩桑叶粗提物能够显著提升产蛋后期蛋鸡蛋重,优化蛋黄颜色,并降低蛋清pH[31]。天然植物中富含的生物碱和蛋白酶等活性物质能够有效改善鸡蛋的生化指标,例如葡萄籽提取物可显著提高鸡蛋重量,同时改善蛋壳强度、蛋黄颜色等品质指标[32]。杨建生等[33]研究发现,在蛋鸡饲粮中添加0.3%迷迭香草粉可以显著提升蛋黄颜色,但对哈氏单位和蛋黄重量等指标并无显著影响。马学明[34]研究发现,在蛋鸡饲粮中添加3%的复合益生菌能够显著提升蛋黄颜色,同时改善蛋壳强度和哈氏单位,从而有效提高鸡蛋品质。吴慧敏等[35]研究指出,在尤溪麻油鸡饲粮中添加1.0%武夷岩茶茶末,能够显著提高蛋黄比例。在家禽饲粮中添加复方中草药能极显著提高鸡蛋蛋形指数,极显著降低蛋壳厚度[36]。Amevor等[37]研究发现,槲皮素与维生素E联用可提高鸡蛋品质。本研究发现,饲粮添加50和75 mg/kg莓茶水提物可显著降低蛋黄比例;饲粮添加75 mg/kg莓茶水提物可显著降低蛋黄颜色;蛋形指数随莓茶水提物添加量的升高呈现递减趋势;而饲粮添加莓茶水提物对其他蛋品质指标均无显著影响,这可能是由于蛋鸡品种不同以及饲养环境不同导致,因为蛋品质易受遗传因素及外界环境因素影响。

3.3 饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡血清生化指标的影响

血清生化指标能够体现机体的健康状况以及营养吸收和代谢情况,主要包括血清酶、蛋白质和脂肪代谢产物等,对评估动物的健康状态具有重要意义[38]。谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性通常用于判断动物肝脏的功能状况和损伤程度[39]。何纪垲等[40]研究表明,在产蛋后期向蛋鸡饮水中添加酸化剂可以显著降低血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性以及甘油三酯含量。田何芳等[41]研究表明,在产蛋后期京粉1号蛋鸡饲粮中添加10 mg/kg大豆异黄酮,能显著提升蛋壳厚度和蛋壳强度,同时增强血浆的抗氧化功能,并显著提高血浆中钙、磷含量以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性;而对蛋鸡的产蛋性能以及血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、葡萄糖、谷草转氨酶、甘油三酯、胆固醇、丙二醛和总超氧化物歧化酶含量或活性以及总抗氧化能力均未产生显著影响。赵萌等[42]研究发现,饲粮添加0.5%和1.0%藤茶黄酮能够显著提高仔猪血清碱性磷酸酶活性。何荣香[43]研究发现,在断奶仔猪饲粮和饮水中添加复合有机酸(包括甲酸、甲酸铵、乙酸和丙酸),饲粮组和饮水组血清碱性磷酸酶活性分别比对照组降低了58.37%和58.59%,而饮水组血清谷丙转氨酶活性比对照组降低了86.01%。本研究发现,饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡血清生化指标均无显著影响。

3.4 饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡血清免疫相关因子含量的影响

免疫功能是动物体内的一种先天性防御机制,能够抵御外来病原体的侵袭,对幼龄动物的健康成长至关重要,而幼龄动物的免疫器官尚未完全发育,难以有效抵抗细菌和病毒的侵害,过多的炎症因子分泌会降低其生长性能[44]。血液中的免疫球蛋白是体液免疫的主要抗体,主要包括IgG和IgM,它们能够在一定程度上反映机体的免疫功能;IgM是早期免疫反应中最强的免疫球蛋白,能够有效抵御病原体的入侵,并促进IgG的产生;IgG是血液中浓度最高的免疫球蛋白,参与体液免疫反应[45-47]。徐美玲[48]报道,饲粮添加0.5%藤茶黄酮能显著提高仔猪血清IgG和IgM含量。TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β等促炎细胞因子是炎症早期反应的主要炎性因子,它们能够损伤肠道黏膜屏障,提高肠道上皮的通透性,从而使机体更容易受到抗原的感染,引发炎症反应。研究表明,藤茶黄酮提取物能够显著抑制脂多糖(LPS)诱导的促炎细胞因子的产生,包括IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α[49]。Hou等[50]研究发现,使用高浓度的二氢杨梅素能够降低小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β这些促炎因子的含量,并且使血清抗炎因子白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)含量升高,表明二氢杨梅素可以通过减少炎症介质的释放和提高相关酶的蛋白表达来抗炎。本研究发现,饲粮添加50 mg/kg莓茶水提物可显著降低蛋鸡血清TNF-α含量,这说明饲粮添加莓茶水提物有助于增强蛋鸡免疫力,减少炎症的发生。

3.5 饲粮添加莓茶水提物对蛋鸡肠道形态的影响

肠道是蛋鸡主要的营养吸收场所,也是重要的免疫屏障,是机体内外环境的联系。因此,肠道形态结构的完整性对蛋鸡的健康和生产性能具有重要意义[51]。绒毛高度和隐窝深度反映了小肠的消化吸收能力,绒毛高度较高,越有利于营养物质消化吸收效率的提高;而较浅的隐窝则有助于绒毛的快速更新,从而应对肠道炎症和内毒素等侵害[52]。槲皮素通过抑制丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(MAPK)、蛋白激酶B(Akt)和核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路,从而抑制白细胞介素、肿瘤坏死因子和单核细胞趋化蛋白1等表达,进而减轻肠道炎症[53]。李辉[54]报道,在饲粮中添加0.4%藤茶提取物可显著提高海南文昌鸡的出栏重和平均日增重,并显著提高饲料转化率;同时,肠道形态的结果表明,与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.4%藤茶提取物可提高文昌鸡空肠绒毛高度,并提高空肠和回肠绒隐比。饲粮添加0.01%和0.05%茶多酚均可显著提高鹅空肠绒毛高度和绒隐比,并显著降低隐窝深度[55]。本研究发现,饲粮添加75 mg/kg莓茶水提物可显著提高蛋鸡十二指肠绒毛高度;饲粮添加75 mg/kg莓茶水提物可显著降低空肠隐窝深度;饲粮添加25 mg/kg莓茶水提物有提高空肠绒毛高度的趋势,这表明莓茶水提物可能通过改善产蛋后期蛋鸡肠道黏膜完整性,进而改善肠道健康。

4 结论

① 饲粮添加莓茶水提物显著降低蛋鸡平均日采食量。
② 饲粮添加75 mg/kg莓茶水提物显著降低蛋黄颜色,饲粮添加50和75 mg/kg莓茶水提物显著降低蛋黄比例。
③ 饲粮添加50 mg/kg莓茶水提物显著降低蛋鸡血清TNF-α含量,减少炎症发生。
③ 饲粮添加75 mg/kg莓茶水提取物显著提高蛋鸡十二指肠绒毛高度,显著降低空肠隐窝深度,改善肠道形态。
④ 在本试验条件下,饲粮添加50和75 mg/kg莓茶水提物效果较好。

References

Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within
[1]
CHEN Y C, YU Y H. Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products and enramycin differentially modulate microbiota and antibiotic resistome in the cecal digesta of broilers[J]. Poultry Science, 2022, 101(9):102010.

[2]
NATALIYA R, ANNEMARIE K, SIGRID M, et al. The application of antibiotics in broiler production and the resulting antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli:a global overview[J]. Poultry Science, 2019, 98(4):1791-1804.

[3]
赵倩明, 孙鹏, 李志威. 无抗政策下植物提取物在养殖生产中的研究进展[J]. 广东饲料, 2022, 31(9):34-36.

ZHAO Q M, SUN P, LI Z W. Research progress of plant extracts in animal husbandry production under antibiotic-free policy[J]. Guangdong Feed, 2022, 31(9):34-36. (in Chinese)

[4]
朱正鹏, 谭会泽, 何健, 等. 饲料无抗时代动物生产的营养策略与饲养管理[J]. 动物营养学报, 2020, 32(10):4831-4840.

DOI

ZHU Z P, TAN H Z, HE J, et al. Nutritional strategies and feeding management for animal production in the era of antimicrobial-free feed[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(10):4831-4840. (in Chinese)

[5]
李鹏, 高铭坤, 呙于明. 植物提取物在家禽和猪生产中的应用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2022, 58(11):1-8.

LI P, GAO M K, GUO Y M. Advances in biological functions of plant extracts and its application in poultry and pig production[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2022, 58(11):1-8. (in Chinese)

[6]
张泽茹, 赵玉全, 董可, 等. 植物提取物促动物生长作用机制的研究进展[J]. 动物营养学报, 2023, 35(8):4850-4859.

DOI

ZHANG Z R, ZHAO Y Q, DONG K, et al. Research progress on mechanism of action of plant extracts to promote animal growth[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2023, 35(8):4850-4859. (in Chinese)

DOI

[7]
李辉, 周璐丽, 王定发, 等. 日粮中添加莓茶素对文昌鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、血液免疫功能、抗氧化活性的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2021, 44(18):44-47.

LI H, ZHOU L L, WANG D F, et al. Effect of dietary raspberry tea on growth performance,slaughter performance,blood immune function and antioxidant activity of Wenchang broilers[J]. Feed Research, 2021, 44(18):44-47. (in Chinese)

[8]
白文宏, 段琼艳, 刘淳劼, 等. 张家界莓茶产业发展现状与路径[J]. 中国麻业科学, 2024, 46(5):298-301.

BAI W H, DUAN Q Y, LIU C J, et al. The current situation and development path of vine tea of Zhangjiajie[J]. Plant Fiber Sciences in China, 2024, 46(5):298-301. (in Chinese)

[9]
何桂霞, 裴刚, 周天达, 等. 显齿蛇葡萄中总黄酮和二氢杨梅素的含量测定[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2000, 25(7):423-425.

HE G X, PEI G, ZHOU T D, et al. Determination of total flavonoids and dihydromyricetinin Ampelopsis grossedentala (Hand-Maz) W.T. Wang[J]. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2000, 25(7):423-425. (in Chinese)

[10]
何思宜. 莓茶叶中黄酮类化合物的提取、纯化及其在化妆品中的应用[D]. 硕士学位论文. 长沙: 中南林业科技大学, 2024.

HE S Y. Extraction and purification of flavonoids from Mei-tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) leaves and their application in cosmetics[D]. Master’s Thesis. Changsha: Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 2024. (in Chinese)

[11]
QIU P, DONG Y, LI B, et al. Dihydromyricetin modulates p62 and autophagy crosstalk with the Keap-1/Nrf2 pathway to alleviate ethanol-induced hepatic injury[J]. Toxicology Letters, 2017,274:31-41.

[12]
张宏赐, 何嘉伟, 何吉甜, 等. 藤茶提取物对卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒裂解复制及相关淋巴肿瘤细胞生长活性的影响[J]. 山东中医药大学学报, 2024, 48(6):699-707.

ZHANG H C, HE J W, HE J T, et al. Effect of extract of Tengcha (Ampelopsis grossedentata) on lytic replication of Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpes virus and growth activity of associated lymphoma cell[J]. Journal of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 48(6):699-707. (in Chinese)

[13]
朱禹哲, 陈颖, 余美丽, 等. 酸枣仁-藤茶酒对失眠小鼠的睡眠改善作用及机制研究[J]. 中国食品添加剂, 2024, 35(11):87-93.

ZHU Y Z, CHEN Y, YU M L, et al. Sleep-improving effects and mechanisms of sour jujube kernel-Tengcha wine on insomnia mice[J]. China Food Additives, 2024, 35(11):87-93. (in Chinese)

[14]
WANG Z J, JIANG Q, LI P P, et al. The water extract of Ampelopsis grossedentata alleviates oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation[J]. Antioxidants, 2023, 12(3):547.

[15]
JIA C H, LI J H, ZHANG M X, et al. Antioxidant properties of the extracts of vine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) with the different color characteristics and inhibition of rapeseed and sunflower oil oxidation[J]. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 2021,136:110292.

[16]
中华人民共和国农业部.鸡饲养标准:NY/T 33—2004[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2005.

Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China.Feeding standard of chicken:NY/T 33—2004[S]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2004. (in Chinese)

[17]
国家市场监督管理总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会.饲料中粗蛋白的测定凯氏定氮法:GB/T 6432—2018[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018.

State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Determination of crude protein in feeds-Kjeldahl method:GB/T 6432—2018[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2018. (in Chinese)

[18]
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会.饲料中粗脂肪的测定:GB/T 6433—2006[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2006.

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Determination of crude fat in feeds:GB/T 6433—2006[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2006. (in Chinese)

[19]
国家市场监督管理总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会.饲料中钙的测定:GB/T 6436—2018[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018.

State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Determination of calcium in feeds:GB/T 6436—2018[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2018. (in Chinese)

[20]
国家市场监督管理总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会.饲料中总磷的测定分光光度法:GB/T 6437—2018[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018.

State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Determination of phosphorus in feeds-spectrophotometry:GB/T 6437—2018[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2018. (in Chinese)

[21]
范佳柔, 仝雯菲, 刘佳乐, 等. 植物提取物在蛋鸡生产中的应用研究进展[J]. 饲料工业, 2024, 45(10):19-25.

FAN J R, TONG W F, LIU J L, et al. Research progress on application of plant extracts in layer production[J]. Feed Industry, 2024, 45(10):19-25. (in Chinese)

[22]
CHEN X L, CHEN X Y, QIU S L, et al. Effects of epimedium polysaccharide-propolis flavone oral liquid on mucosal immunity in chickens[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2014,64:6-10.

[23]
杨薇, 张驰. 二氢杨梅素在食品工业中的应用研究进展[J]. 山东化工, 2021, 50(12):55-57.

YANG W, ZHANG C. Application of dihydromyricetin in food industry[J]. Shandong Chemical Industry, 2021, 50(12):55-57. (in Chinese)

[24]
何子煜, 伍树松, 贺喜. 藤茶的生理功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用[J]. 中国饲料, 2018(15):78-84.

HE Z Y, WU S S, HE X. Biological function of vine tea and its application in animal production[J]. China Feed, 2018(15):78-84. (in Chinese)

[25]
熊云霞, 王丽, 温晓鹿, 等. 日粮中添加藤茶提取物对猪生长性能、血液生化指标、抗氧化活性的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2019, 46(5):1330-1339.

DOI

XIONG Y X, WANG L, WEN X L, et al. Effects of adding Ampelopsis grossedentata extract in diets on growth performance,blood biochemical indexes and antioxidant activity in pig[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2019, 46(5):1330-1339. (in Chinese)

[26]
戴青. 藤茶二氢杨梅素对肉鸡促生长作用研究[D]. 硕士学位论文. 贵阳: 贵州大学, 2015.

DAI Q. Study on the growth-promoting effect of Garcinia cambogia dihydromyricetin on broiler chickens[D]. Master’s Thesis. Guiyang: Guizhou University, 2015. (in Chinese)

[27]
崔志英, 舒绪刚, 冯嘉颖. 二氢杨梅素(DMY)协同有机微量元素提高蛋鸡的生产性能研究[J]. 广东饲料, 2009, 18(4):24-25.

CUI Z Y, SHU X G, FENG J Y. Dihydromyicetin cooperating with organic trace minerals improve growth performance of egg chicken[J]. Guangdong Feed, 2009, 18(4):24-25. (in Chinese)

[28]
李鹏升, 张魁, 侯丽娜, 等. 中草药复合添加剂对高龄蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及蛋壳超微结构的影响[J]. 中国家禽, 2022, 44(1):38-42.

LI P S, ZHANG K, HOU L N, et al. Effects of Chinese herbal compound additives on production performance,egg quality and eggshell ultrastructure of elderly laying hens[J]. China Poultry, 2022, 44(1):38-42. (in Chinese)

[29]
张倚剑, 胡艳, 梁明振, 等. 改善产蛋后期鸡蛋蛋壳质量研究进展[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021, 33(2):686-697.

DOI

ZHANG Y J, HU Y, LIANG M Z, et al. Research progress on improving eggshell quality in late laying period[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(2):686-697. (in Chinese)

[30]
周帅帅, 刘家言, 赵鹏宇, 等. 槲皮万寿菊素对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化和脂质沉积的影响[J]. 中国饲料, 2023(21):27-35.

ZHOU S S, LIU J Y, ZHAO P Y, et al. Effects of quercetagetin on production performance,egg quality,antioxidation and lipid deposition in laying hens during the late laying stage[J]. China Feed, 2023(21):27-35. (in Chinese)

[31]
庄齐兴, 韦晓芳, 张文辉, 等. 金银花黄芩桑叶粗提物对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2024, 47(20):34-39.

ZHUANG Q X, WEI X F, ZHANG W H, et al. Effects of honeysuckle,skullcap and mulberry leaves crude extract on production performance,egg quality,and serum biochemical indexes of laying hens in late laying period[J]. Feed Research, 2024, 47(20):34-39. (in Chinese)

[32]
张文辉, 李悦伊, 李春, 等. 葡萄籽提取物对产蛋高峰后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2023, 46(23):28-32.

ZHANG W H, LI Y Y, LI C, et al. Effect of grape seed extract on production performance,egg quality and serum biochemical indexes of laying hens in the late peak egg laying period[J]. Feed Research, 2023, 46(23):28-32. (in Chinese)

[33]
杨建生, 林雨鑫, 安婷婷, 等. 迷迭香草粉对高温蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和血清指标的影响[J]. 中国饲料, 2016(19):9-11,25.

YANG J S, LIN Y X, AN T T, et al. Effects of rosemary herb powder on laying performance,egg quality and serum index of high temperature laying hens[J]. China Feed, 2016(19):9-11,25. (in Chinese)

[34]
马学明. 饲粮中添加复合益生菌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响[J]. 家禽科学, 2023, 45(6):46-48.

MA X M. Effects of adding probiotic compound to diets on the performance and egg quality of laying hens[J]. Poultry Science, 2023, 45(6):46-48. (in Chinese)

[35]
吴慧敏, 杨江帆, 王长康, 等. 饲喂武夷岩茶茶末对尤溪麻油鸡蛋品质的影响[J]. 福建农林大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 45(4):439-442.

WU H M, YANG J F, WANG C K, et al. Effects of Wuyi rock tea powder on quality of eggs from Youxi oil hens[J]. Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2016, 45(4):439-442. (in Chinese)

[36]
付玥, 李柱, 师盼盼, 等. 复方中草药对京粉蛋鸡的有效性评价[J/OL]. 饲料工业, 2024:1-14(2024-11-28)[2024-12-05].

FU Y, LI Z, SHI P P, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of compound Chinese herbal medicines on Kingfisher laying hens[J/OL]. Feed Industry, 2024:1-14(2024-11-28)[2024-12-05]. in Chinese)

[37]
AMEVOR F K, CUI Z F, NING Z F, et al. Synergistic effects of quercetin and vitamin E on egg production,egg quality,and immunity in aging breeder hens[J]. Poultry Science, 2021, 100(12):101481.

[38]
黄炜乾, 张文辉, 李悦伊, 等. 复合有机酸化剂对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标和经济效益的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2024, 47(8):49-53.

HUANG W Q, ZHANG W H, LI Y Y, et al. Effects of compound organic acidifiers on production performance,egg quality,serum biochemical indexes,and economic benefits of laying hens in late laying period[J]. Feed Research, 2024, 47(8):49-53. (in Chinese)

[39]
苗启翔, 谢彦娇, 唐湘方, 等. 氧化应激的产生及其对畜禽肝脏功能的影响与机制[J]. 动物营养学报, 2019, 31(8):3496-3504.

DOI

MIAO Q X, XIE Y J, TANG X F, et al. Generation of oxidative stress as well as its effect and mechanism on liver function of livestock and poultry[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019, 31(8):3496-3504. (in Chinese)

[40]
何纪垲, 邹新华, 张增玉, 等. 饮水中添加酸化剂对产蛋后期蛋鸡产蛋性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2023, 46(9):42-46.

HE J K, ZOU X H, ZHANG Z Y, et al. Effect of acidifiers supplementation by drinking water on laying performance,serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity of laying hens during late laying period[J]. Feed Research, 2023, 46(9):42-46. (in Chinese)

[41]
田何芳, 金永燕, 庄智威, 等. 大豆异黄酮对产蛋后期京粉1号蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、血浆生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 中国家禽, 2021, 43(12):38-43.

TIAN H F, JIN Y Y, ZHUANG Z W, et al. Effects of soybean isoflavones on laying performance, egg quality, plasma biochemical indicators and antioxidant capacity in Jingfen No.1 laying hens at the late phase of production[J]. China Poultry, 2021, 43(12):38-43. (in Chinese)

[42]
赵萌, 郁建生, 郁建平, 等. 藤茶总黄酮对仔猪血清生化指标及免疫功能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2016, 43(5):1221-1225.

DOI

ZHAO M, YU J S, YU J P, et al. Effects of Ampelopsis grossedentata flavonoids on serum biochemical indexes and immune function of piglets[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2016, 43(5):1221-1225. (in Chinese)

[43]
何荣香. 饲粮和饮水中添加复合有机酸对断奶仔猪血清生化指标及肠道指标的影响[D]. 硕士学位论文. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2020.

HE R X. Effects of organic acids supplemented in diet and drinking water on serum biochemical indexes and intestinal indexes of weaned piglets[D]. Master’s Thesis. Changsha: Hunan Agricultural University, 2020. (in Chinese)

[44]
WANG Q, ZHAN X L, WANG B K, et al. Modified montmorillonite improved growth performance of broilers by modulating intestinal microbiota and enhancing intestinal barriers,anti-inflammatory response,and antioxidative capacity[J]. Antioxidants, 2022, 11(9):1799.

[45]
QIU K, HE W Z, ZHANG H J, et al. Bio-fermented malic acid facilitates the production of high-quality chicken via enhancing muscle antioxidant capacity of broilers[J]. Antioxidants, 2022, 11(12):2309.

[46]
WANG F, CHEN J S, YIN Y X, et al. The effects of dietary ellagic acid supplementation on growth performance,immune response,antioxidant activity,digestive enzyme activities,and intestinal functions in yellow-feathered broilers[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2022, 100(12):skac301.

[47]
尹朗庭, WASEEM M, 谢婷婷, 等. 饲粮添加不同剂量姜黄素对常温和高温环境下罗曼蛋鸡血液免疫指标的影响[J]. 中国畜禽种业, 2023, 19(12):222-230.

YIN L T, WASEEM M, XIE T T, et al. The effect of dietary supplementation with different doses of curcumin on the blood immunity in roman laying hens at normal and high temperature environments[J]. The Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2023, 19(12):222-230. (in Chinese)

[48]
徐美玲. 藤茶黄酮对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化及免疫指标的影响[D]. 硕士学位论文. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2022.

XU M L. Effects of cane flavonoids on growth performance,antioxidant and immunne indexes of weaned piglets[D]. Master’s Thesis. Changsha: Hunan Agricultural University, 2022. (in Chinese)

[49]
HOU X, WANG T, AHMAD H, et al. Ameliorative effect of ampelopsin on LPS-induced acute phase response in piglets[J]. Journal of Functional Foods, 2017,35:489-498.

[50]
HOU X, ZHANG J F, AHMAD H, et al. Evaluation of antioxidant activities of ampelopsin and its protective effect in lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress piglets[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(9):e108314.

[51]
韩坤良, 孔祥峰, 崔亚东, 等. 饲粮添加超微粉中药对蛋鸡肠道健康的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2024, 38(6):1065-1073.

DOI

HAN K L, KONG X F, CUI Y D, et al. Effects of dietary supplementation with Chinese herb ultrafine powder on intestinal health of laying hens[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 38(6):1065-1073. (in Chinese)

DOI

[52]
王楚婷, 孙懿, 陈志伟, 等. 藤茶总黄酮对非酒精性脂肪性肝病模型小鼠肠道菌群的影响[J]. 医药导报, 2024, 43(6):867-873.

WANG C T, SUN Y, CHEN Z W, et al. Effect of total flavonoids from vine tea on intestinal flora of mice mode of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. Herald of Medicine, 2024, 43(6):867-873. (in Chinese)

DOI

[53]
ZOU Y, WEI H K, XIANG Q H, et al. Protective effect of quercetin on pig intestinal integrity after transport stress is associated with regulation oxidative status and inflammation[J]. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2016, 78(9):1487-1494.

PMID

[54]
李辉. 日粮添加藤茶提取物对文昌鸡生长性能、肉品质及肠道发育的影响[D]. 硕士学位论文. 海口: 海南大学, 2022.

LI H. Effects of rattan tea extracton growth performance,meat quality and intestinaldevelopment of Wenchang chicken[D]. Master’s Thesis. Haikou: Hainan University, 2022. (in Chinese)

[55]
王育川, 林桐, 陈艾玲, 等. 饲粮添加茶多酚对马岗鹅空肠组织形态、抗氧化能力及紧密连接蛋白相关基因表达的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022, 34(12):7833-7843.

DOI

WANG Y C, LIN T, CHEN A L, et al. Effects of dietary tea polyphenols on jejunum morphology,antioxidant capacity and expression of tight junction protein-related genes in Magang geese[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022, 34(12):7833-7843. (in Chinese)

Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉

京ICP备17050989号-2
Copyright © Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, All Rights Reserved.
Tel: 010－62817823　E-mail: cjan@vip.163.com
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co., Ltd.