1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 试验材料
表1 花椒叶营养成分(风干基础)Table 1 Nutrient contents of Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves (air-dry basis) |
| 项目 Item | 干物质 DM/% | 粗蛋 白质 CP/% | 粗脂肪 EE/% | 粗纤维 CF/% | 粗灰分 Ash/% | 钙 Ca/% | 总磷 TP/% | 总黄酮 Total flavone/ (g/kg) | 总多酚 Total polyphenol/ (g/kg) | 总能 GE/ (MJ/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 含量 Content | 90.20 | 14.02 | 2.41 | 13.30 | 12.30 | 3.34 | 0.14 | 53.31 | 43.37 | 16.57 |
1.3 试验1:花椒叶表观代谢能的测定
1.3.1 试验设计和饲养管理
表2 试验1饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of diets in experiment 1 (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 基础饲粮Basal diet | 试验饲粮Experimental diet |
|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | ||
| 玉米Corn | 65.20 | 61.40 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal (43%) | 24.00 | 22.80 |
| 花椒叶Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves | 5.00 | |
| 氯化钠NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| 石粉Limestone | 8.50 | 8.50 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met (≥99%) | 0.17 | 0.17 |
| 矿物质预混料Mineral premix1) | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix2) | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | ||
| 总能GE/(MJ/kg) | 14.71 | 14.83 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 16.64 | 16.62 |
| 钙Ca | 3.71 | 3.87 |
| 总磷TP | 0.60 | 0.59 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.73 | 0.73 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.39 | 0.38 |
1)矿物质预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The mineral premix provided the following per kg of diets:Cu (CuSO4·5H2O) 8 mg,Fe (FeSO4·H2O) 60 mg,Mn (MnSO4·H2O) 60 mg,Zn (MnSO4·H2O) 80 mg,I (KI) 0.35 mg,Se (Na2SeO3) 0.30 mg。 |
1.3.2 样品采集
1.3.3 测定指标及方法
1.3.3.1 饲粮和排泄物中铬含量
1.3.3.2 表观代谢能
饲粮总能表观代谢率(%)=100-100×(饲粮指示剂含量/排泄物指示剂含量)×(排泄物总能/饲粮总能);
待测饲料总能表观代谢率(%)=(试验饲粮总能表观代谢率-基础饲粮总能表观代谢率)/待测饲料占试验饲粮的比例;
原料表观代谢能=原料总能表观代谢率×原料总能;
原料氮校正表观代谢能=原料表观代谢能-RN×34.39;
RN=1 kg饲粮中粗蛋白质含量/6.25。
1.4 试验2:饲粮中添加不同水平花椒叶对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和肠道菌群的影响
1.4.1 试验设计和饲养管理
表3 试验2饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 3 Composition and nutrient levels of diets in experiment 2 (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 花椒叶添加水平 Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaf supplemental level/% | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (对照Control) | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| 原料Ingredients | ||||
| 玉米Corn | 62.10 | 62.20 | 62.14 | 62.30 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal (43%) | 21.74 | 21.62 | 21.42 | 21.35 |
| 小麦麸Wheat bran | 5.90 | 5.02 | 4.40 | 3.34 |
| 石粉Limestone | 8.10 | 8.00 | 7.88 | 7.70 |
| 花椒叶Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves | 1.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.55 |
| L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-Lys·HCl (≥78.8%) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met (≥99%) | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| L-苏氨酸L-Thr (≥98.5%) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| 氯化钠NaCl | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| 碳酸氢钠NaHCO3 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride (≥50.0%) | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| 矿物质预混料Mineral premix1) | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix2) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | ||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 10.87 | 10.88 | 10.87 | 10.87 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 15.50 | 15.51 | 15.50 | 15.51 |
| 钙Ca | 3.50 | 3.53 | 3.52 | 3.52 |
| 总磷TP | 0.61 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.61 |
| 有效磷AP | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.35 |
| 可消化赖氨酸DLys | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.71 |
| 可消化蛋氨酸DMet | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.31 |
| 可消化苏氨酸DThr | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.51 |
| 可消化色氨酸DTry | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
1)矿物质预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The mineral premix provided the following per kg of diets:Cu (CuSO4·5H2O) 8 mg,Fe (FeSO4·H2O) 60 mg,Mn (MnSO4·H2O) 60 mg,Zn (MnSO4·H2O) 80 mg,I (KI) 0.35 mg,Se (Na2SeO3) 0.30 mg。 |
1.4.2 样品采集
1.4.3 测定指标及方法
1.4.3.1 生产性能
1.4.3.2 蛋品质
1.4.3.3 肠道形态
1.4.3.4 抗氧化功能
1.4.3.5 血清生化和免疫指标
1.4.3.6 盲肠菌群
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 花椒叶表观代谢能
表4 花椒叶表观代谢能(风干基础)Table 4 AME of Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves (air-dry basis) MJ/kg |
| 项目Item | 表观代谢能AME | 氮校正表观代谢能AMEn |
|---|---|---|
| 花椒叶Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves | 5.32 | 5.21 |
2.2 饲粮中添加不同水平花椒叶对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响
表5 饲粮中添加不同水平花椒叶对蛋鸡生产性能的影响Table 5 Effects of different dietary Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaf supplemental levels on performance of laying hens (n=8) |
| 项目 Items | 花椒叶添加水平 Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaf supplemental level/% | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (对照 Control) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |||
| 第1~4周Weeks 1 to 4 | |||||||||
| 产蛋率Laying rate/% | 87.00 | 87.70 | 85.96 | 91.36 | 1.945 | 0.246 | 0.203 | 0.237 | |
| 日产蛋量 Daily egg production/(g/只) | 52.67 | 53.96 | 53.94 | 55.79 | 0.694 | 0.493 | 0.154 | 0.840 | |
| 平均蛋重 Average egg weight/(g/枚) | 60.41b | 61.51ab | 62.80a | 61.07b | 0.300 | 0.030 | 0.194 | 0.014 | |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 110.89 | 114.86 | 115.18 | 115.09 | 2.185 | 0.449 | 0.196 | 0.361 | |
| 料蛋比F/E | 2.12 | 2.13 | 2.15 | 2.06 | 0.050 | 0.686 | 0.492 | 0.374 | |
| 破壳蛋率 Broken-shell egg rate/% | 4.35 | 4.16 | 7.78 | 2.54 | 1.998 | 0.321 | 0.840 | 0.216 | |
| 软壳蛋率 Soft-shell egg rate/% | 0.28 | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.091 | 0.269 | 0.065 | 0.543 | |
| 脏蛋率Dirty egg rate/% | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.085 | 0.578 | 0.264 | 0.557 | |
| 畸形蛋率 Abnormal egg rate/% | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.040 | 0.579 | 0.549 | 0.978 | |
| 沙壳蛋率 Sand-shell egg rate/% | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.063 | 0.536 | 0.866 | 0.639 | |
| 第5~8周Weeks 5 to 8 | |||||||||
| 产蛋率Laying rate/% | 85.27 | 87.34 | 84.82 | 90.02 | 2.306 | 0.382 | 0.265 | 0.503 | |
| 日产蛋量 Daily egg production/(g/只) | 51.87 | 54.12 | 53.41 | 55.11 | 0.792 | 0.568 | 0.228 | 0.867 | |
| 平均蛋重 Average egg weight/(g/枚) | 60.28b | 62.00ab | 63.00a | 61.20ab | 0.336 | 0.025 | 0.175 | 0.007 | |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 113.62 | 117.83 | 116.34 | 115.05 | 1.674 | 0.344 | 0.710 | 0.111 | |
| 料蛋比F/E | 2.25 | 2.19 | 2.21 | 2.10 | 0.060 | 0.384 | 0.126 | 0.750 | |
| 破壳蛋率 Broken-shell egg rate/% | 4.12 | 7.14 | 7.11 | 5.08 | 1.849 | 0.580 | 0.732 | 0.183 | |
| 软壳蛋率 Soft-shell egg rate/% | 0.61a | 0.53ab | 0.17bc | 0.11c | 0.134 | 0.029 | 0.005 | 0.949 | |
| 脏蛋率Dirty egg rate/% | 0.12 | 2.93 | 0.23 | 0.29 | 1.370 | 0.413 | 0.725 | 0.323 | |
| 畸形蛋率 Abnormal egg rate/% | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.065 | 0.524 | 0.283 | 0.635 | |
| 沙壳蛋率 Sand-shell egg rate/% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.045 | 0.099 | 0.504 | 0.141 | |
| 第1~8周Weeks 1 to 8 | |||||||||
| 产蛋率Laying rate/% | 86.14 | 87.52 | 85.39 | 90.69 | 2.054 | 0.294 | 0.220 | 0.349 | |
| 日产蛋量 Daily egg production/(g/只) | 52.27 | 54.04 | 53.67 | 55.45 | 0.724 | 0.522 | 0.180 | 0.998 | |
| 平均蛋重 Average egg weight/(g/枚) | 60.35b | 61.75ab | 62.90a | 61.13b | 0.311 | 0.023 | 0.173 | 0.008 | |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 112.25 | 116.35 | 115.76 | 115.07 | 1.793 | 0.397 | 0.334 | 0.193 | |
| 料蛋比F/E | 2.18 | 2.16 | 2.18 | 2.08 | 0.053 | 0.538 | 0.249 | 0.546 | |
| 破壳蛋率 Broken-shell egg rate/% | 4.22 | 5.60 | 7.43 | 3.79 | 1.772 | 0.476 | 0.948 | 0.168 | |
| 软壳蛋率 Soft-shell egg rate/% | 0.44a | 0.35ab | 0.11b | 0.08b | 0.084 | 0.012 | 0.002 | 0.702 | |
| 脏蛋率Dirty egg rate/% | 0.17 | 1.61 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.729 | 0.418 | 0.677 | 0.349 | |
| 畸形蛋率Abnormal egg rate/% | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.043 | 0.931 | 0.597 | 0.712 | |
| 沙壳蛋率Sand-shell egg rate/% | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.047 | 0.216 | 0.839 | 0.309 | |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
表6 饲粮中添加不同水平花椒叶对蛋鸡蛋品质的影响Table 6 Effects of different dietary Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaf supplemental levels on eggs quality of laying hens (n=8) |
| 项目 Items | 花椒叶添加水平 Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaf supplemental level/% | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (对照 Control) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 第4周Week 4 | ||||||||
| 蛋壳颜色Eggshell color | ||||||||
| 亮度L* | 90.37 | 90.87 | 91.23 | 90.32 | 0.710 | 0.771 | 0.949 | 0.327 |
| 红度a* | 7.44 | 6.99 | 6.06 | 6.99 | 0.366 | 0.080 | 0.172 | 0.072 |
| 黄度b* | 20.52 | 19.82 | 19.00 | 20.87 | 0.601 | 0.153 | 0.928 | 0.041 |
| 蛋形指数Egg shape index | 1.31 | 1.34 | 1.31 | 1.31 | 0.011 | 0.161 | 0.601 | 0.109 |
| 蛋壳强度 Eggshell strength/(kg/cm2) | 3.46 | 3.90 | 3.54 | 3.66 | 0.130 | 0.115 | 0.702 | 0.223 |
| 蛋重Egg weight/g | 60.52 | 61.45 | 62.50 | 62.26 | 1.000 | 0.506 | 0.173 | 0.567 |
| 蛋白高度Albumen height/mm | 8.34 | 7.98 | 7.55 | 7.76 | 0.338 | 0.403 | 0.159 | 0.405 |
| 蛋黄颜色Yolk color | 6.44b | 6.44b | 7.71ab | 7.96a | 0.350 | 0.005 | 0.001 | 0.723 |
| 哈氏单位Haugh unit | 90.71 | 88.24 | 85.66 | 87.10 | 1.855 | 0.286 | 0.117 | 0.299 |
| 蛋黄重Yolk weight/g | 17.11 | 17.79 | 17.70 | 17.38 | 0.311 | 0.400 | 0.600 | 0.117 |
| 蛋黄指数Yolk index | 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.41 | 0.42 | 0.013 | 0.734 | 0.355 | 0.663 |
| 蛋壳重Eggshell weight/g | 5.69 | 5.92 | 5.95 | 5.85 | 0.155 | 0.646 | 0.474 | 0.295 |
| 蛋壳厚度 Eggshell thickness/mm | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.32 | 0.006 | 0.216 | 0.424 | 0.054 |
| 第8周Week 8 | ||||||||
| 蛋壳颜色Eggshell color | ||||||||
| 亮度L* | 76.89 | 75.60 | 75.96 | 77.49 | 0.789 | 0.332 | 0.550 | 0.085 |
| 红度a* | 5.24 | 4.87 | 4.69 | 5.33 | 0.335 | 0.499 | 0.954 | 0.143 |
| 黄度b* | 14.37 | 14.03 | 13.93 | 15.15 | 0.545 | 0.396 | 0.366 | 0.165 |
| 蛋形指数Egg shape index | 1.31 | 1.31 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 0.008 | 0.344 | 0.092 | 0.813 |
| 蛋壳强度 Eggshell strength/(kg/cm2) | 4.23 | 4.52 | 4.20 | 4.70 | 0.207 | 0.272 | 0.242 | 0.623 |
| 蛋重Egg weight/g | 59.00 | 61.04 | 61.93 | 60.31 | 0.964 | 0.199 | 0.272 | 0.068 |
| 蛋白高度Albumen height/mm | 7.10 | 7.48 | 7.45 | 7.88 | 0.221 | 0.126 | 0.027 | 0.911 |
| 蛋黄颜色Yolk color | 6.91c | 7.37bc | 8.06ab | 8.17a | 0.191 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.167 |
| 哈氏单位Haugh unit | 84.15 | 86.07 | 84.86 | 88.46 | 1.414 | 0.173 | 0.074 | 0.559 |
| 蛋黄重Yolk weight/g | 16.25 | 16.47 | 16.54 | 16.55 | 0.180 | 0.640 | 0.250 | 0.582 |
| 蛋黄指数Yolk index | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.005 | 0.443 | 0.176 | 0.392 |
| 蛋壳重Eggshell weight/g | 5.95 | 6.29 | 6.19 | 6.18 | 0.112 | 0.204 | 0.268 | 0.123 |
| 蛋壳厚度 Eggshell thickness/mm | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.006 | 0.736 | 0.929 | 0.649 |
2.3 饲粮中添加不同水平花椒叶对蛋鸡肠道形态的影响
表7 饲粮中添加不同水平花椒叶对蛋鸡肠道形态的影响Table 7 Effects of different dietary Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaf supplemental levels on intestinal morphology of laying hens (n=8) |
| 项目 Items | 花椒叶添加水平 Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaf supplemental level/% | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (对照 Control) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 十二指肠Duodenum | ||||||||
| 绒毛高度Villus height/μm | 1 010.23c | 1 168.42b | 1 576.90a | 1 561.73a | 37.554 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.032 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm | 171.16b | 182.22b | 242.37ab | 260.76a | 19.601 | 0.009 | 0.001 | 0.854 |
| 绒隐比V/C | 6.30 | 6.78 | 6.70 | 6.22 | 0.693 | 0.915 | 0.914 | 0.488 |
| 空肠Jejunum | ||||||||
| 绒毛高度Villus height/μm | 1 031.34 | 905.13 | 1 035.15 | 928.71 | 47.772 | 0.149 | 0.419 | 0.839 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm | 138.66 | 116.70 | 133.68 | 162.30 | 11.836 | 0.099 | 0.122 | 0.051 |
| 绒隐比V/C | 7.63 | 8.18 | 8.06 | 5.81 | 0.660 | 0.068 | 0.073 | 0.047 |
| 回肠Ileum | ||||||||
| 绒毛高度Villus height/μm | 872.04 | 944.31 | 815.45 | 807.68 | 50.632 | 0.230 | 0.170 | 0.438 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth/μm | 130.73 | 147.78 | 139.34 | 143.71 | 10.624 | 0.712 | 0.533 | 0.563 |
| 绒隐比V/C | 6.80 | 6.57 | 6.08 | 5.71 | 0.523 | 0.522 | 0.146 | 0.907 |
2.4 饲粮中添加不同水平花椒叶对蛋鸡抗氧化功能和血清生化和免疫指标的影响
表8 饲粮中添加不同水平花椒叶对蛋鸡抗氧化功能的影响Table 8 Effects of different dietary Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaf supplemental levels on antioxidant function of laying hens (n=8) |
| 项目 Items | 花椒叶添加水平 Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaf supplemental level/% | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (对照 Control) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 血清Serum | ||||||||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 4.49 | 6.33 | 6.43 | 6.69 | 0.683 | 0.120 | 0.040 | 0.258 |
| 过氧化氢酶CAT/(U/mL) | 10.56 | 9.60 | 11.52 | 10.74 | 1.512 | 0.843 | 0.719 | 0.952 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 5.36 | 4.48 | 4.20 | 3.12 | 0.623 | 0.116 | 0.020 | 0.872 |
| 总超氧物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mL) | 109.65 | 115.82 | 145.36 | 131.43 | 9.184 | 0.051 | 0.031 | 0.285 |
| 肝脏Liver | ||||||||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 4.06 | 5.46 | 5.54 | 6.40 | 0.591 | 0.072 | 0.013 | 0.646 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mg prot) | 12.93a | 7.27b | 7.13b | 8.86ab | 1.074 | 0.003 | 0.017 | 0.002 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 1.74 | 1.45 | 0.99 | 1.61 | 0.210 | 0.080 | 0.397 | 0.041 |
| 总超氧物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 765.98 | 780.85 | 689.54 | 833.99 | 74.233 | 0.557 | 0.736 | 0.383 |
| 蛋黄Yolk | ||||||||
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 0.42b | 0.46ab | 1.23ab | 1.83a | 0.362 | 0.032 | 0.005 | 0.444 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mg prot) | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.030 | 0.925 | 0.721 | 0.868 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 4.68 | 4.25 | 4.60 | 3.74 | 0.343 | 0.226 | 0.122 | 0.535 |
| 总超氧物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 6.77 | 5.89 | 6.71 | 6.01 | 0.552 | 0.567 | 0.554 | 0.868 |
表9 饲粮中添加不同水平花椒叶对蛋鸡血清生化和免疫指标的影响Table 9 Effects of different dietary Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaf supplemental levels on serum biochemical and immune indices of laying hens (n=8) |
| 项目 Items | 花椒叶添加水平 Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaf supplemental level/% | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (对照 Control) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 碱性磷酸酶ALP/(U/L) | 867.83 | 636.50 | 746.83 | 636.42 | 183.625 | 0.821 | 0.520 | 0.765 |
| 谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) | 207.51 | 184.19 | 217.26 | 206.79 | 17.618 | 0.594 | 0.695 | 0.716 |
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 3.20 | 4.11 | 2.10 | 2.64 | 0.697 | 0.240 | 0.250 | 0.795 |
| 尿素UREA/(mmol/L) | 0.66 | 0.67 | 0.69 | 0.63 | 0.068 | 0.937 | 0.857 | 0.592 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 18.77 | 23.02 | 22.51 | 20.98 | 1.283 | 0.116 | 0.297 | 0.035 |
| 胆固醇CHO/(mmol/L) | 2.38 | 3.00 | 2.01 | 1.98 | 0.553 | 0.548 | 0.389 | 0.571 |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 10.33 | 11.34 | 7.22 | 7.04 | 2.541 | 0.540 | 0.231 | 0.818 |
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 56.50 | 62.83 | 58.08 | 53.33 | 4.508 | 0.561 | 0.507 | 0.254 |
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(mg/mL) | 58.84 | 63.32 | 67.59 | 72.33 | 4.918 | 0.283 | 0.057 | 0.980 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(mg/mL) | 288.15 | 297.01 | 298.98 | 341.29 | 25.823 | 0.492 | 0.181 | 0.528 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(mg/mL) | 107.01 | 124.01 | 113.36 | 125.43 | 9.836 | 0.501 | 0.318 | 0.803 |
2.5 饲粮中添加不同水平花椒叶对蛋鸡盲肠菌群的影响
图1 花椒叶对蛋鸡盲肠菌群多样性和组成的影响Bacteroidota:拟杆菌门;Firmicutes:厚壁菌门;Actinobacteriota:放线菌门;Desulfobacterota:脱硫杆菌门;Spirochaetota:螺旋体门;Verrucomicrobiota:疣微菌门;Others:其他;Bacteroides:拟杆菌属;Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group:理研菌科RC9肠道群;Unclassified_o_Bacteroidales:未分类拟杆菌目;Prevotellaceae_UCG-001:普雷沃氏菌科UCG-001;Lactobacillus:乳杆菌属;Norank_o_Clostridia_UCG-014:未定级梭菌纲UCG-014;Lachnoclostridium:毛螺梭菌属;Unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae:未分类毛螺菌科;Norank_f_Muribaculaceae:未定级鼠杆菌科;Ruminococcus_torques_group:瘤胃球菌属扭链群;Parabacteroides:副拟杆菌属;Shuttleworthia:萨特沃思氏菌属;Faecalibacterium:粪杆菌属;Desulfovibrio:脱硫弧菌属;Alistipes:另枝菌属;Olsenella:欧陆森氏菌属;Norank_o_Clostridia_vadinBB60_group:未定级梭菌纲vadinBB60群;Phascolarctobacterium:考拉杆菌属;Norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group:未定级产粪甾醇真细菌群;Norank_o_RF39:未定级RF39目。 Fig.1 Effects of Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves on diversity and composition of cecal microbiota of laying hens (n=6) |
图2 蛋鸡盲肠优势菌群差异物种分析Christensenellaceae_R-7_group:克里斯滕森菌科R-7群;Bacteroides barnesiae:巴氏拟杆菌;Uncultured_bacterium_g_GCA-900066575:未培养细菌GCA-900066575属;Uncultured_bacterium_f_UCG-010:未培养细菌UCG-010科;Uncultured_bacterium_g_Alistipes:未培养细菌另枝菌属;Bacteroides_sp._Marseille-P3108:拟杆菌属Marseille-P3108;Unidentified_rumen_bacterium_JW32:未鉴定瘤胃细菌JW32;Uncultured_Porphyromonadaceae_bacterium_f_Barnesiellaceae:未培养紫单胞菌科细菌巴氏杆菌科;Metagenome_g_Christensenellaceae_R-7_group:宏基因组克里斯滕森菌科R-7群;Uncultured_bacterium_g_Ruminococcus_torques_group:未培养细菌瘤胃球菌属扭链群。 Fig.2 Analysis of differential species of dominant microbiota in cecum of laying hens (n=6) |
