1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
1.3 试验方法
1.3.1 缓冲液的配制
1.3.2 单胃动物仿生消化系统模拟鸡消化过程主要步骤
1.4 检测指标与方法
表1 豆粕原料营养成分分析(饲喂基础)Table 1 Analysis of nutritional components of soybean meal (as-fed basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 干物质DM | 92.41 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 45.55 |
| 总能GE/(MJ/kg) | 18.15 |
| 精氨酸Arg | 3.97 |
| 组氨酸His | 1.54 |
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 2.19 |
| 亮氨酸Leu | 4.05 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 2.76 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.23 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 2.78 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 2.11 |
| 缬氨酸Val | 2.20 |
| 丙氨酸Ala | 2.35 |
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 4.17 |
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 1.54 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | 2.32 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | 2.19 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 2.65 |
| 丝氨酸Ser | 2.79 |
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 1.70 |
1.5 计算公式
DMD(%)=(M1-M2)/M1×100;
GED(%)=(GE1-GE2)/GE1×100;
EHGE(MJ/kg)=(GE1-GE2)/(M1×1 000)。
1.6 统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 外源蛋白酶对不同上样量的豆粕在胃和小肠模拟消化阶段养分消化的影响
2.1.1 模拟胃消化阶段
表2 模拟胃消化阶段外源蛋白酶对豆粕DMD、GED和EHGE的影响Table 2 Effects of exogenous protease on DMD, GED and EHGE of soybean meal in simulated stomach digestion stage |
| 项目 Items | 干物质消化率 DMD/% | 总能消化率 GED/% | 酶水解物能值 EHGE/(MJ/kg) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 组别 Groups | 上样量 Sample amount/g | 外源蛋白酶 Exogenous protease | |||
| 1 | 1 | - | 42.46±0.19b | 42.08±0.20b | 8.27±0.04b |
| 2 | + | 45.62±0.35a | 45.32±0.40a | 8.95±0.08a | |
| 3 | 2 | - | 31.52±0.57c | 28.31±0.70c | 5.69±0.14c |
| 4 | + | 31.34±0.45c | 28.35±0.88c | 5.70±0.18c | |
| 主效应Main effects | |||||
上样量 Sample amount/g | 1 | 44.04±1.68A | 43.70±1.73A | 8.61±0.37A | |
| 2 | 31.43±0.49B | 28.33±0.75B | 5.70±0.15B | ||
外源蛋白酶 Exogenous protease | - | 36.99±5.78B | 35.19±7.27B | 6.98±1.36B | |
| + | 38.48±7.54A | 36.84±8.97A | 7.33±1.72A | ||
P值 P-value | 上样量Sample amount | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 外源蛋白酶Exogenous protease | 0.005 | 0.006 | 0.004 | ||
| 上样量×外源蛋白酶 Sample amount×exogenous protease | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
同列数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。“-”表示未添加外源蛋白酶,“+”表示添加外源蛋白酶。下表同。 | |
In the same column, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.01), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). “-” indicated not added exogenous protease, “+” indicated added exogenous protease. The same as below. |
2.1.2 模拟小肠消化阶段
表3 模拟小肠消化阶段外源蛋白酶对豆粕DMD、GED和EHGE的影响Table 3 Effects of exogenous protease on DMD, GED and EHGE of soybean meal in simulated intestinal digestion stage |
| 项目 Items | 干物质消化率 DMD/% | 总能消化率 GED/% | 酶水解物能值 EHGE/(MJ/kg) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 组别 Groups | 上样量 Sample amount/g | 外源蛋白酶 Exogenous protease | |||
| 1 | 1 | - | 47.34±0.36c | 50.68±0.37c | 9.95±0.07c |
| 2 | + | 51.78±0.17a | 55.91±0.56a | 11.05±0.11a | |
| 3 | 2 | - | 48.81±1.01b | 48.77±0.64d | 9.80±0.13c |
| 4 | + | 49.68±0.83b | 51.80±0.75b | 10.41±0.15b | |
| 主效应Main effects | |||||
上样量 Sample amount/g | 1 | 49.56±2.35 | 53.30±2.80A | 10.50±0.58A | |
| 2 | 49.24±0.99 | 50.29±1.73B | 10.11±0.35B | ||
外源蛋白酶 Exogenous protease | - | 48.08±1.05B | 49.73±1.11B | 9.88±0.13B | |
| + | 50.73±1.24A | 53.86±2.25A | 10.73±0.36A | ||
P值 P-value | 上样量Sample amount | 0.325 | 0.004 | 0.005 | |
| 外源蛋白酶Exogenous protease | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | ||
| 上样量×外源蛋白酶 Sample amount×exogenous protease | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.006 | ||
2.2 不同模拟胃液消化时间条件下外源蛋白酶的作用效果
表4 不同模拟胃液消化时间条件下外源蛋白酶对豆粕DMD、GED和EHGE的影响Table 4 Effects of exogenous protease on DMD, GED and EHGE of soybean meal under condition of different simulated gastric juice digestion time |
| 项目 Items | 干物质消化率 DMD/% | 总能消化率 GED/% | 酶水解物能值 EHGE/(MJ/kg) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 组别 Groups | 消化时间 Digestion time/min | 外源蛋白酶 Exogenous protease | |||
| 1 | 0 | - | 20.31±0.36i | 15.17±0.22h | 2.91±0.13g |
| 2 | + | 21.62±0.63h | 18.33±0.92g | 3.63±0.18f | |
| 3 | 30 | - | 33.21±0.69f | 32.04±0.83f | 6.26±0.16e |
| 4 | + | 32.33±0.92g | 31.37±0.90gf | 6.22±0.20e | |
| 5 | 60 | - | 33.77±0.53f | 32.27±0.79f | 6.59±0.38de |
| 6 | + | 34.88±0.95e | 34.17±1.25e | 6.77±0.25d | |
| 7 | 120 | - | 38.02±0.35d | 37.20±0.25d | 7.50±0.31c |
| 8 | + | 43.92±0.19b | 43.79±0.39b | 8.86±0.91a | |
| 9 | 240 | - | 42.34±0.19c | 41.67±0.22c | 8.14±0.04b |
| 10 | + | 45.57±0.35a | 45.43±0.40a | 9.00±0.08a | |
| 主效应Main effects | |||||
消化时间 Digestion time/min | 0 | 21.03±0.85E | 16.92±1.79E | 3.27±0.41E | |
| 30 | 32.77±0.90D | 31.70±0.93D | 6.24±0.17D | ||
| 60 | 34.46±0.96C | 33.49±1.39C | 6.68±0.32C | ||
| 120 | 40.97±3.24B | 40.50±3.63B | 8.18±0.96B | ||
| 240 | 43.95±1.72A | 43.55±2.00A | 8.57±0.46A | ||
外源蛋白酶 Exogenous protease | - | 33.71±7.78B | 31.89±9.42B | 6.28±1.86B | |
| + | 34.94±8.89A | 33.82±10.04A | 6.90±2.05A | ||
P值 P-value | 消化时间Digestion time | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 外源蛋白酶Exogenous protease | 0.007 | 0.005 | 0.006 | ||
| 消化时间×外源蛋白酶 Digestion time×exogenous protease | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.007 | ||
2.3 不同模拟胃液pH条件下外源蛋白酶的作用效果
表5 不同模拟胃液pH条件下外源蛋白酶对豆粕DMD、GED和EHGE的影响Table 5 Effects of exogenous protease on DMD, GED and EHGE of soybean meal under condition of different simulated gastric juice pH |
| 项目 Items | 干物质消化率 DMD/% | 总能消化率 GED/% | 酶水解物能值 EHGE/(MJ/kg) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 组别 Groups | pH | 外源蛋白酶 Exogenous protease | |||
| 1 | 2.0 | - | 42.34±0.19d | 41.67±0.21c | 8.14±0.04d |
| 2 | + | 45.57±0.35a | 45.43±0.40a | 9.00±0.08a | |
| 3 | 3.0 | - | 41.89±0.72d | 41.42±0.77cd | 8.10±0.15d |
| 4 | + | 44.11±0.38b | 43.95±0.42b | 8.71±0.08b | |
| 5 | 4.0 | - | 40.90±0.33e | 40.89±0.45d | 7.99±0.09d |
| 6 | + | 43.23±0.83c | 43.46±0.80b | 8.52±0.25c | |
| 主效应Main effects | |||||
pH | 2.0 | 43.95±1.72A | 43.55±2.00A | 8.57±0.46A | |
| 3.0 | 43.00±1.29B | 42.69±1.46B | 8.40±0.34B | ||
| 4.0 | 41.94±1.35C | 42.03±1.48C | 8.26±0.33C | ||
外源蛋白酶 Exogenous protease | - | 41.71±0.76B | 41.33±0.59B | 8.08±0.12B | |
| + | 44.38±1.10A | 44.34±1.00A | 8.74±0.25A | ||
P值 P-value | pH | 0.002 | 0.008 | 0.007 | |
| 外源蛋白酶Exogenous protease | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| pH×外源蛋白酶 pH×exogenous protease | 0.072 | 0.031 | 0.038 | ||
2.4 不同模拟胃液体积条件下外源蛋白酶的作用效果
表6 不同模拟胃液体积条件下外源蛋白酶对豆粕DMD、GED和EHGE的影响Table 6 Effects of exogenous protease on DMD, GED and EHGE of soybean meal under condition of different simulated gastric juice volume |
| 项目 Items | 干物质消化率 DMD/% | 总能消化率 GED/% | 酶水解物能值 EHGE/(MJ/kg) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 组别 Groups | 体积 Volume/mL | 外源蛋白酶 Exogenous protease | |||
| 1 | 20 | - | 45.27±0.66d | 44.60±0.69c | 8.72±0.13c |
| 2 | + | 44.29±0.81e | 43.48±0.86d | 8.50±0.17d | |
| 3 | 15 | - | 47.22±0.72bc | 46.53±0.80b | 9.10±0.16b |
| 4 | + | 46.62±0.73c | 45.93±0.90b | 8.98±0.18b | |
| 5 | 10 | - | 48.38±0.98a | 47.69±0.96ab | 9.32±0.19ab |
| 6 | + | 47.70±0.27ab | 46.78±0.36a | 9.14±0.07a | |
| 主效应Main effects | |||||
体积 Volume/mL | 20 | 44.72±0.87C | 43.98±0.95C | 8.59±0.19C | |
| 15 | 46.92±0.76B | 46.23±0.86B | 9.04±0.17B | ||
| 10 | 48.04±0.77A | 47.24±0.83A | 9.23±0.16A | ||
外源蛋白酶 Exogenous protease | - | 47.08±1.49A | 46.39±1.49A | 9.07±0.29A | |
| + | 46.20±1.59B | 45.40±1.61B | 8.87±0.31B | ||
P值 P-value | 体积Volume | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.006 | |
| 外源蛋白酶Exogenous protease | 0.002 | 0.007 | 0.007 | ||
| 体积×外源蛋白酶 Volume×exogenous protease | 0.842 | 0.773 | 0.773 | ||
2.5 不同模拟胃液内源蛋白酶活性条件下外源蛋白酶的作用效果
表7 不同模拟胃液内源蛋白酶活性条件下外源蛋白酶对豆粕DMD、GED和EHGE的影响Table 7 Effects of exogenous protease on DMD, GED and EHGE of soybean meal under condition of different simulated gastric juice endogenous protease activity |
| 项目 Items | 干物质消化率 DMD/% | 总能消化率 GED/% | 酶水解物能值 EHGE/(MJ/kg) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 组别 Groups | 内源蛋白酶活性 Endogenous protease activity/(U/mL) | 外源蛋白酶 Exogenous protease | |||
| 1 | 1 550 | - | 42.34±0.19e | 41.67±0.21d | 8.14±0.04e |
| 2 | + | 44.97±0.35c | 44.06±0.41c | 8.82±0.08c | |
| 3 | 2 067 | - | 44.06±0.61d | 44.06±0.99c | 8.61±0.19d |
| 4 | + | 45.01±0.30c | 46.73±0.38b | 9.23±0.07b | |
| 5 | 3 100 | - | 47.90±0.67a | 47.99±0.84a | 9.38±0.16ab |
| 6 | + | 46.77±0.56b | 47.61±0.58a | 9.40±0.11a | |
| 主效应Main effects | |||||
内源蛋白酶活性 Endogenous protease activity/(U/mL) | 1 550 | 43.65±1.41C | 43.16±1.61C | 8.48±0.36C | |
| 2 067 | 44.53±0.68B | 45.39±1.57B | 8.92±0.35B | ||
| 3 100 | 47.34±0.83A | 47.80±0.71A | 9.39±0.13A | ||
外源蛋白酶 Exogenous protease | - | 44.76±2.46B | 44.57±2.79B | 8.71±0.55B | |
| + | 45.58±0.95A | 46.33±1.35A | 9.15±0.27A | ||
P值 P-value | 内源蛋白酶活性Endogenous protease activity | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 外源蛋白酶Exogenous protease | <0.001 | <0.010 | 0.002 | ||
| 内源蛋白酶活性×外源蛋白酶 Endogenous protease activity×exogenous protease | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.007 | ||
