1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 试验材料
1.3 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 全株玉米青贮Whole corn silage | 43.20 | ||
| 玉米秸秆Corn stalk | 14.00 | ||
| 玉米Corn | 25.17 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 3.15 | ||
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 6.74 | ||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.90 | ||
| 碳酸氢钠NaHCO3 | 1.35 | ||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.90 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 4.59 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 干物质(饲喂基础) DM (as fed basis) | 60.12 | ||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 10.24 | ||
| 维持净能NEm/(MJ/kg) | 6.69 | ||
| 增重净能NEg/(MJ/kg) | 4.26 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 11.63 | ||
| 代谢蛋白质MP | 7.32 | ||
| 粗脂肪EE | 2.47 | ||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 32.74 | ||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 17.72 | ||
| 物理有效中性洗涤纤维peNDF | 22.82 | ||
| 钙Ca | 0.49 | ||
| 磷P | 0.49 |
1)每千克预混料含有 Each kilogram of the premix contained the following:Cu 327 mg,Zn 1 416 mg,Mn 10 893 mg,I 370 mg,Co 218 mg,Se 218 mg,VA 160 000 IU,VD 350 000 IU,VE 900 IU。 | |
2)代谢能、维持净能、增重净能、代谢蛋白质和物理有效中性洗涤纤维为参考《肉牛营养需要(第8次修订版)》[8]所得计算值,其他为实测值。ME, NEm, NEg, MP and peNDF were calculated values according to Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle (8th Rev. ed.), while the others were measured values. |
1.4 饲养管理
1.5 样品采集及指标测定
1.5.1 生长性能
1.5.2 营养物质表观消化率
1.5.3 血清生化和抗氧化指标
1.5.4 瘤胃微生物区系
1.6 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 短链脂肪酸钙盐和益生菌对安格斯杂交阉牛生长性能的影响
表2 短链脂肪酸钙盐和益生菌对安格斯杂交阉牛生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of calcium salt of short-chain fatty acid and probiotics on growth performance of Angus crossbred steers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | CMP | CMPM | |||
| 初始体重Initial body weight/kg | 451.07 | 450.25 | 454.08 | 8.588 | 0.853 |
| 终末体重Final body weight/kg | 555.57b | 559.25b | 575.33a | 9.458 | 0.035 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(kg/d) | 1.16B | 1.21B | 1.35A | 0.067 | 0.005 |
| 干物质采食量DMI/(kg/d) | 10.19B | 10.66AB | 11.10A | 0.289 | 0.001 |
| 料重比F/G | 8.98 | 8.85 | 8.29 | 0.550 | 0.264 |
同行数据肩标相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01). The same as below. |
2.2 短链脂肪酸钙盐和益生菌对安格斯杂交阉牛营养物质表观消化率的影响
表3 短链脂肪酸钙盐和益生菌对安格斯杂交阉牛营养物质表观消化率的影响Table 3 Effects of calcium salt of short-chain fatty acid and probiotics on nutrient apparent digestibility of Angus crossbred steers % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | CMP | CMPM | |||
| 干物质DM | 63.79 | 66.28 | 63.80 | 3.460 | 0.580 |
| 有机物OM | 68.25 | 71.44 | 68.40 | 3.711 | 0.491 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 63.40b | 72.56a | 69.91a | 3.423 | 0.013 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 52.80B | 61.93A | 58.26A | 3.161 | 0.008 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 48.93 | 53.91 | 52.36 | 2.980 | 0.144 |
2.3 短链脂肪酸钙盐和益生菌对安格斯杂交阉牛血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响
表4 短链脂肪酸钙盐和益生菌对安格斯杂交阉牛血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of calcium salt of short-chain fatty acid and probiotics on serum biochemical and antioxidant indices of Angus crossbred steers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | CMP | CMPM | |||
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 28.46 | 28.33 | 32.05 | 3.046 | 0.229 |
| 谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) | 72.95 | 69.86 | 68.24 | 3.415 | 0.243 |
| 碱性磷酸酶ALP/(U/L) | 156.91 | 170.52 | 159.34 | 17.568 | 0.757 |
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 71.53a | 69.65ab | 68.03b | 1.640 | 0.041 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 35.32 | 35.07 | 34.06 | 0.706 | 0.074 |
| 球蛋白GLB/(g/L) | 36.22 | 34.58 | 33.97 | 1.456 | 0.165 |
| 白球比A/G | 0.98 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 0.045 | 0.626 |
| 总胆红素TBIL/(μmol/L) | 9.56 | 8.89 | 9.09 | 0.636 | 0.444 |
| 总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L) | 4.61 | 4.66 | 4.52 | 0.268 | 0.791 |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 0.31 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.021 | 0.138 |
| 葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) | 4.36 | 4.23 | 4.03 | 0.164 | 0.055 |
| 尿素UREA/(mmol/L) | 3.95A | 3.55B | 3.19B | 0.244 | 0.002 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶T-SOD/(U/mL) | 396.20 | 386.61 | 349.89 | 25.302 | 0.065 |
2.4 短链脂肪酸钙盐和益生菌对安格斯杂交阉牛瘤胃微生物区系的影响
表5 短链脂肪酸钙盐和益生菌对安格斯杂交阉牛瘤胃微生物区系alpha多样性的影响Table 5 Effects of calcium salt of short-chain fatty acid and probiotics on alpha diversity of rumen microbiota of Angus crossbred steers |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | CMP | CMPM | |||
| Sobs指数Sobs index | 216.30 | 207.60 | 210.50 | 6.482 | 0.264 |
| Chao1指数Chao1 index | 232.03 | 230.19 | 226.41 | 10.611 | 0.805 |
| Shannon指数Shannon index | 3.60 | 3.59 | 3.58 | 0.065 | 0.953 |
| Simpson指数Simpson index | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.006 | 0.996 |
| Ace指数Ace index | 230.49 | 225.42 | 224.08 | 8.215 | 0.607 |
| 覆盖率Coverage | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 0.456 |
表6 短链脂肪酸钙盐和益生菌对安格斯杂交阉牛瘤胃微生物在门水平上相对丰度的影响Table 6 Effects of calcium salt of short-chain fatty acid and probiotics on relative abundances of rumen microorganisms of Angus crossbred steers at phylum level % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | CMP | CMPM | |||
| 拟杆菌门Bacteroidota | 54.68 | 53.71 | 55.02 | 0.983 | 0.887 |
| 厚壁菌门Firmicutes | 36.48 | 38.89 | 37.29 | 1.133 | 0.642 |
| 髌骨菌门Patescibacteria | 3.13 | 3.09 | 2.83 | 0.175 | 0.687 |
| 螺旋体门Spirochaetota | 1.20 | 1.44 | 1.48 | 0.149 | 0.503 |
| 疣微菌门Verrucomicrobiota | 1.13a | 0.51b | 0.71ab | 0.098 | 0.012 |
| 变形菌门Proteobacteria | 0.82 | 0.53 | 0.55 | 0.069 | 0.238 |
| 放线菌门Actinobacteriota | 0.71 | 0.55 | 0.49 | 0.049 | 0.288 |
| 纤维杆菌门Fibrobacterota | 0.50 | 0.35 | 0.60 | 0.080 | 0.695 |
| 脱硫杆菌门Desulfobacterota | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.013 | 0.138 |
| 蓝藻菌门Cyanobacteria | 0.22a | 0.10b | 0.12ab | 0.026 | 0.040 |
表7 短链脂肪酸钙盐和益生菌对安格斯杂交阉牛瘤胃微生物在属水平上相对丰度的影响Table 7 Effects of calcium salt of short-chain fatty acid and probiotics on relative abundances of rumen microorganisms of Angus crossbred steers at genus level |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | CMP | CMPM | |||
| 普雷沃氏菌属Prevotella | 14.67 | 15.23 | 14.73 | 1.038 | 0.996 |
| 理研菌科RC9肠道群Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group | 13.95 | 13.85 | 14.19 | 0.489 | 0.984 |
| 克里斯滕森菌科R-7群Christensenellaceae_R-7_group | 3.01 | 3.68 | 3.59 | 0.142 | 0.118 |
| 颤螺菌科NK4A214群 Oscillospiraceae_NK4A214_group | 2.56b | 3.64a | 3.32ab | 0.184 | 0.045 |
| 普雷沃氏菌科UCG-001 Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 | 2.70 | 3.04 | 3.44 | 0.263 | 0.457 |
| 解琥珀酸菌属Succiniclasticum | 2.88 | 1.94 | 1.97 | 0.287 | 0.486 |
| 普雷沃氏菌科UCG-003 Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 | 1.92 | 2.10 | 2.30 | 0.198 | 0.827 |
| 鼠杆状菌科Muribaculaceae | 1.45 | 2.16 | 2.47 | 0.198 | 0.088 |
| 瘤胃球菌属Ruminococcus | 1.46 | 1.87 | 1.47 | 0.093 | 0.351 |
| Candidatus_Saccharimonas | 1.22 | 1.54 | 1.38 | 0.082 | 0.360 |
| 拟杆菌目BS11肠道群Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group | 1.40 | 1.22 | 1.40 | 0.086 | 0.546 |
| 产乙酸糖发酵菌属Saccharofermentans | 1.29 | 1.10 | 1.25 | 0.065 | 0.677 |
| 密螺旋体属Treponema | 0.73 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.120 | 0.581 |
| 丁酸弧菌属Butyrivibrio | 0.86 | 0.79 | 1.07 | 0.074 | 0.502 |
| WCHB1-41 | 1.00a | 0.45b | 0.62ab | 0.091 | 0.014 |
| 毛螺菌科NK3A20群Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group | 0.49b | 0.87a | 0.62ab | 0.064 | 0.018 |
| 毛螺菌科AC2044群Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group | 0.66 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.049 | 0.802 |
