1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验动物及饲粮
表1 饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the diet (air-dry basis) |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 象草Elephant grass | 8.48 | ||
| 玉米秸秆青贮Corn straw silage | 22.01 | ||
| 花生藤Peanut straw | 15.42 | ||
| 芒果皮Mango peel | 11.93 | ||
| 小麦秆Wheat straw | 19.21 | ||
| 精料Concentrated feed1) | 11.38 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 9.41 | ||
| 预混料Premix2) | 0.27 | ||
| 小苏打NaHCO3 | 1.35 | ||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.54 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | |||
| 干物质DM | 96.78 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 12.40 | ||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 51.55 | ||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 32.83 | ||
| 有机物OM | 91.73 | ||
| 钙Ca | 0.73 | ||
| 磷P | 0.30 | ||
| 净能NE/(MJ/kg) | 8.93 |
1)精料营养水平为干物质95.99%,粗蛋白质19.88%,粗灰分6.92%,中性洗涤纤维15.82%,酸性洗涤纤维6.01%,总能16.87 MJ/kg。The nutritional composition of concentrate: DM 95.99%, CP 19.88%, Ash 6.92%, NDF 15.82%, ADF 6.01%, and gross energy 16.87 MJ/kg。2)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet: VE 2 000 IU, VD3 5 000 IU,VA 30 000 IU,Cu (as copper sulfate) 5 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 50 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 20 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 1 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 10 mg,Co (as cobalt sulfate) 0.5 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.5 mg。3)净能根据《中国饲料成分及营养价值表》(第31版)计算,有机物为干物质减去粗灰分[15],其他营养水平为实测值。NE was a calculated value according to Feed Composition and Nutritive Values in China (31st edition), OM was DM minus Ash[15], while the other nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.3 指标测定方法
1.3.1 常规营养成分测定方法
1.3.2 尼龙袋试验方法
1.4 计算方法
1.4.1 粗饲料中营养成分的实时降解率
1.4.2 瘤胃降解参数及有效降解率计算
1.5 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 粗饲料常规营养成分含量
表2 3种粗饲料的常规营养成分含量(风干基础)Table 2 Conventional nutritional composition contents in three roughages (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 构树枝 Broussonetia papyrifera branches | 桑枝 Mulberry branches | 甜瓜秧 Melon vines | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质DM | 97.89±0.02a | 96.56±0.04b | 94.34±0.09c | <0.001 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 3.94±0.08c | 6.27±0.02b | 21.53±0.28a | <0.001 |
| 有机物OM | 94.97±0.04b | 96.26±0.01a | 87.77±0.05c | <0.001 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 68.93±0.36a | 62.43±0.14b | 37.39±1.79c | <0.001 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 52.97±0.27a | 44.41±0.32b | 28.53±1.24c | <0.001 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05),while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 粗饲料的营养物质瘤胃降解率
2.2.1 构树枝、桑枝和甜瓜秧的DM瘤胃降解率
表3 3种粗饲料的DM瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 3 Rumen degradability and degradation parameters of DM in three roughages |
| 项目 Items | 构树枝 Broussonetia papyrifera branches | 桑枝 Mulberry branches | 甜瓜秧 Melon vines | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradability/% | ||||
| 2 h | 20.03±0.85c | 24.28±0.14b | 36.46±2.15a | <0.001 |
| 4 h | 23.54±3.19b | 26.32±1.13b | 42.26±2.46a | <0.001 |
| 6 h | 28.78±4.15b | 31.93±3.26b | 52.97±3.90a | <0.001 |
| 12 h | 36.86±2.85b | 39.35±2.02b | 76.97±2.27a | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 44.80±1.15c | 51.50±1.11b | 84.96±0.29a | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 50.33±2.38c | 55.78±0.31b | 85.71±1.58a | <0.001 |
| 72 h | 52.48±1.22c | 57.28±0.85b | 86.71±0.76a | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | ||||
| a/% | 3.25±0.82 | 9.87±3.85 | 11.20±7.80 | 0.527 |
| b/% | 46.30±0.54b | 46.07±3.20b | 75.69±6.70a | 0.004 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.14±0.02 | 0.11±0.01 | 0.15±0.03 | 0.394 |
| ED/% | 40.83±0.98c | 45.39±0.41b | 73.65±0.27a | <0.001 |
a:快速降解部分;b:慢速降解部分;c:慢速降解部分的降解速率;ED:有效降解率。下表同。 | |
a:the fraction of immediately degraded;b:the fraction of slowly degraded;c:the degradation rate of the fraction of slowly degraded;ED:the effective degradation. The same as below. |
2.2.2 构树枝、桑枝和甜瓜秧的CP瘤胃降解率及降解参数
表4 3种粗饲料的CP瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 4 Rumen degradability and degradation parameters of CP in three roughages |
| 项目 Items | 构树枝 Broussonetia papyrifera branches | 桑枝 Mulberry branches | 甜瓜秧 Melon vines | P值 P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradability/% | |||||||||
| 2 h | 35.42±6.16b | 51.18±2.63a | 45.16±2.98a | 0.011 | |||||
| 4 h | 38.11±2.63b | 52.04±1.96a | 51.40±2.18a | <0.001 | |||||
| 6 h | 40.05±1.86b | 53.60±2.20a | 57.99±3.42a | <0.001 | |||||
| 12 h | 52.47±7.52c | 62.83±3.26b | 86.70±1.22a | <0.001 | |||||
| 24 h | 56.96±1.62c | 67.25±1.67b | 93.64±0.47a | <0.001 | |||||
| 48 h | 57.67±3.70c | 68.87±0.22b | 94.35±1.87a | <0.001 | |||||
| 72 h | 66.50±1.94c | 74.26±0.96b | 96.23±0.55a | <0.001 | |||||
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | |||||||||
| a/% | 3.50±1.15 | 15.67±14.34 | 15.04±10.10 | 0.654 | |||||
| b/% | 55.13±1.89 | 52.27±12.23 | 80.58±8.66 | 0.114 | |||||
| c/(%/h) | 0.26±0.01 | 0.42±0.18 | 0.16±0.04 | 0.316 | |||||
| ED/% | 52.69±1.29c | 62.95±0.60b | 82.17±0.06a | <0.001 | |||||
2.2.3 构树枝、桑树枝和甜瓜秧的NDF瘤胃降解率及降解参数
表5 3种粗饲料的NDF瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 5 Rumen degradability and degradation parameters of NDF in three roughages |
| 项目 Items | 构树枝 Broussonetia papyrifera branches | 桑枝 Mulberry branches | 甜瓜秧 Melon vines | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradability/% | ||||
| 2 h | 9.78±0.16b | 10.71±0.32b | 15.00±1.49a | <0.001 |
| 4 h | 13.62±2.79b | 12.07±1.31b | 19.57±3.21a | 0.026 |
| 6 h | 17.27±4.74b | 15.76±3.52b | 29.73±5.35a | 0.019 |
| 12 h | 23.24±2.61b | 21.00±2.30b | 58.43±3.68a | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 29.63±1.45c | 33.40±1.17b | 69.05±0.39a | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 37.27±2.91b | 39.36±0.36b | 69.83±1.30a | <0.001 |
| 72 h | 38.94±2.03b | 40.23±1.33b | 71.54±1.59a | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | ||||
| a/% | 2.11±0.21 | 3.83±0.96 | 1.72±1.72 | 0.432 |
| b/% | 35.44±0.71b | 37.29±1.15b | 71.48±0.73a | <0.001 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.08±0.01 | 0.06±0.00 | 0.10±0.01 | 0.094 |
| ED/% | 27.84±1.13b | 28.52±0.48b | 56.18±0.69a | <0.001 |
2.2.4 构树枝、桑树枝和甜瓜秧的ADF瘤胃降解率及降解参数
表6 3种粗饲料的ADF瘤胃降解率及降解参数Table 6 Rumen degradability and degradation parameters of ADF in three roughages |
| 项目 Items | 构树枝 Broussonetia papyrifera branches | 桑枝 Mulberry branches | 甜瓜秧 Melon vines | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradability/% | ||||
| 2 h | 10.81±1.32a | 8.21±2.07b | 15.51±3.39a | 0.027 |
| 4 h | 12.47±1.02b | 9.47±2.17b | 22.36±2.57a | 0.001 |
| 6 h | 16.77±4.09b | 12.95±2.44b | 32.35±6.03a | 0.004 |
| 12 h | 22.48±1.91b | 18.35±2.25b | 60.15±3.36a | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 29.84±1.80b | 30.78±1.59b | 69.41±0.68a | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 37.70±2.37b | 35.85±1.10b | 70.01±1.01a | <0.001 |
| 72 h | 38.04±1.75b | 36.41±1.27b | 71.32±1.68a | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | ||||
| a/% | 2.40±0.13 | 1.91±0.12 | 1.69±1.69 | 0.874 |
| b/% | 35.20±0.62b | 35.58±0.61b | 71.08±0.73a | <0.001 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.08±0.01a | 0.06±0.00b | 0.11±0.01a | 0.027 |
| ED/% | 27.54±0.88b | 25.51±0.28b | 57.00±0.72a | <0.001 |
