1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
表1 发酵底物的组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the fermentation substrate (DM basis) |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients/(g/kg) | |
| 玉米Corn | 270.86 |
| 花生秧Peanut vine | 149.11 |
| 羊草粉Leymus chinensis powder | 149.11 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 34.79 |
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 34.79 |
| 玉米干酒糟及可溶物Corn DDGS | 79.52 |
| 玉米皮Corn husk | 178.93 |
| 麸皮Bran | 49.70 |
| 大豆磷脂油粉Soy lecithin oil powder | 2.49 |
| 膨化尿素Expanded urea | 4.97 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 45.73 |
| 合计Total | 1 000.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 有机物OM/% | 88.87 |
| 粗蛋白质CP/% | 17.38 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF/% | 44.92 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF/% | 28.34 |
| 粗灰分Ash/% | 11.13 |
| 粗脂肪EE/% | 2.42 |
| 消化能DE/(MJ/kg) | 9.89 |
1)预混料为每千克发酵底物提供 Premix provided the following per kg of the fermentation substrate:FeSO4·7H2O 0.25 g,CuSO4·5H2O 0.08 g,MnSO4·H2O 0.20 g,ZnSO4·H2O 0.15 g,Na2SeO3 0.5 mg,KI 0.001 g,CoCl2·6H2O 0.002 g,VA 5 000 IU,VD3 3 000 IU,VE 50 IU。2)消化能为计算值,其余均为实测值。DE was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.2 体外发酵试验
1.3 样品采集与测定
1.3.1 营养成分测定
1.3.2 总产气量、CH4和H2产量测定
1.3.3 dH2和dCH4浓度测定
20.170 9×ln(T/100)]。
28.731 4×ln(T/100)]。
1.3.4 瘤胃发酵特征指标测定
1.4 数据分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 添加富马酸钠对体外瘤胃发酵总产气量、CH4和H2产量的影响
表2 添加富马酸钠对体外瘤胃发酵总产气量、CH4和H2产量的影响Table 2 Effects of sodium fumarate supplementation on total gas production, CH4 production and H2 production during in vitro rumen fermentation |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 富马酸钠组 Sodium fumarate group | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质降解率DMD/% | 60.24 | 58.95 | 1.407 | 0.394 | ||
| 总产气量Total gas production/(mL/g) | 380.11 | 382.28 | 15.074 | 0.890 | ||
| 每克可降解底物的产气量 | 631.89 | 651.78 | 40.636 | 0.642 | ||
| Gas production of per gram of degradable substrate/mL | ||||||
| 甲烷产量CH4 production | ||||||
| 每克底物的甲烷产量 | 58.87 | 50.06 | 2.720 | 0.018 | ||
| CH4 production per gram of substrate/mL | ||||||
| 每克可降解底物的甲烷产量 | 98.01 | 85.40 | 6.098 | 0.084 | ||
| CH4 production per gram of degradable substrate/mL | ||||||
| 甲烷浓度Concentration of methane/% | 19.25 | 16.60 | 0.618 | 0.005 | ||
| 氢气产量H2 production | ||||||
| 每克底物的氢气产量 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.014 | 0.005 | ||
| H2 production per gram of substrate/mL | ||||||
| 每克可降解底物的氢气产量 | 0.37 | 0.28 | 0.026 | 0.013 | ||
| H2 production of per gram of degradable substrate/mL | ||||||
| 氢气浓度H2 concentration/% | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.003 | 0.059 |
2.2 添加富马酸钠对体外瘤胃发酵溶解态气体浓度的影响
表3 添加富马酸钠对体外瘤胃发酵溶解态气体浓度的影响Table 3 Effects of sodium fumarate supplementation on dissolved gas concentrations during in vitro rumen fermentation |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 富马酸钠组 Sodium fumarate group | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 溶解态氢气dH2/(μmol/L) | |||||||||||||||
| 6 h | 0.015 | 0.828 | 0.002 | <0.001 | |||||||||||
| 12 h | 0.046 | 0.120 | 0.021 | 0.097 | |||||||||||
| 24 h | 0.015 | 0.024 | 0.002 | 0.080 | |||||||||||
| 48 h | 0.028 | 0.027 | 0.003 | 0.735 | |||||||||||
| 溶解态甲烷dCH4/(mmol/L) | |||||||||||||||
| 6 h | 0.196 | 0.214 | 0.031 | 0.606 | |||||||||||
| 12 h | 0.148 | 0.161 | 0.003 | 0.017 | |||||||||||
| 24 h | 0.217 | 0.191 | 0.013 | 0.168 | |||||||||||
| 48 h | 0.202 | 0.197 | 0.008 | 0.501 | |||||||||||
2.3 添加富马酸钠对体外瘤胃发酵特征的影响
表4 添加富马酸钠对体外瘤胃发酵特征的影响Table 4 Effects of sodium fumarate supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 富马酸钠组 Sodium fumarate group | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | 6.62 | 6.71 | 0.007 | <0.001 | |||
| 氨态氮Ammonia-N/(mmol/L) | 30.53 | 27.00 | 2.073 | 0.138 | |||
| 总挥发性脂肪酸TVFA/(mmol/L) | 78.50 | 73.40 | 2.664 | 0.104 | |||
| 乙丙比Acetate to propionate ratio | 2.558 | 2.448 | 0.040 | 0.035 | |||
| 挥发性脂肪酸摩尔比例Molar percentage of VFA/% | |||||||
| 乙酸Acetate | 58.28 | 57.82 | 0.519 | 0.413 | |||
| 丙酸Propionate | 22.95 | 23.81 | 0.338 | 0.044 | |||
| 丁酸Butyrate | 11.94 | 11.64 | 0.340 | 0.406 | |||
| 戊酸Valerate | 1.98 | 1.97 | 0.061 | 0.833 | |||
| 异丁酸Iso-butyrate | 1.63 | 1.60 | 0.035 | 0.536 | |||
| 异戊酸Iso-valerate | 3.25 | 3.16 | 0.109 | 0.427 | |||
| 净H2产量 | 115.47 | 113.18 | 0.972 | 0.057 |
