Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2025 , Vol. 37 >Issue 11: 7467 - 7479

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2025.608

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Carboxymethyl Pachymaran on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function of Broilers

  • CHEN Bo , 1 ,
  • HUANG Minghai 1 ,
  • GAO Luyao 1 ,
  • CHEN Lele 1 ,
  • LI Zezheng 1 ,
  • WU Sichao 1 ,
  • XIONG Fuxuan 1 ,
  • XIONG Xiaojun 2 ,
  • PANG Yilin 2 ,
  • DENG Wei 3 ,
  • LYU Zonghao 1, 3 ,
  • HE Jianhua , 1, *
Expand
  • 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
  • 2 Hunan Xiangnong Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changsha 410299, China
  • 3 Huaihua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huaihua 418000, China
*professor, E-mail:

Received date: 2025-04-13

  Online published: 2025-11-14

Fold

Abstract

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with carboxymethyl pachymaran (CMP) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function of broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old male 817 broiler chicks were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 chicks per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 100 (CMP100 group), 200 (CMP200 group), 400 (CMP400 group) and 800 mg/kg (CMP800 group) of CMP, respectively. The experimental period lasted for 49 days, which was divided into two phases: 1 to 21 days of age and 22 to 49 days of age. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, during the 1 to 21 days of age phase, the average daily gain (ADG) in the CMP100 group and CMP200 group was significantly increased (P<0.05); during the 21 to 49 days of age phase, the ADG in the CMP200 group was significantly increased (P<0.05); throughout the entire 1 to 49 days of age period, the ADG in the CMP100 group and CMP200 group was significantly increased (P<0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, at 21 days of age, the serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity in the CMP400 group and CMP800 group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the serum albumin (ALB) content in the CMP200 group was significantly increased (P<0.05); at 49 days of age, the serum ALT activity in the CMP100 group and CMP200 group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, at 21 days of age, the serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the CMP200 group was significantly increased (P<0.05); at 49 days of age, the serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the CMP100 group, CMP200 group and CMP400 group was significantly increased (P<0.05), the serum catalase (CAT) activity in the CMP800 group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content in all experimental groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, at 49 days of age, the bursa of Fabricius index in all experimental groups was significantly increased (P<0.05). 5) Compared with the control group, at 21 days of age, the serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) content in the CMP400 group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content in the CMP200 group and CMP400 group was significantly decreased (P<0.05); at 49 days of age, the serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) content in the CMP400 group was significantly increased (P<0.05), the serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) content in the CMP200 group was significantly increased (P<0.05), the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) content in the CMP100 group, CMP200 group and CMP400 group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum IL-1β content in all experimental groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with CMP can improve the serum biochemical indices, enhance the antioxidant capacity and immune function of broilers, thereby improving their growth performance. Under the conditions of this experiment, the optimal dietary supplementation level of CMP is 200 mg/kg.

Key words： carboxymethyl pachymaran; broilers; growth performance; antioxidant capacity; immune function

Cite this article

CHEN Bo , HUANG Minghai , GAO Luyao , CHEN Lele , LI Zezheng , WU Sichao , XIONG Fuxuan , XIONG Xiaojun , PANG Yilin , DENG Wei , LYU Zonghao , HE Jianhua . Effects of Carboxymethyl Pachymaran on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function of Broilers[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2025 , 37(11) : 7467 -7479 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2025.608

在我国畜牧产业中,肉鸡养殖已成为仅次于生猪养殖的第二大养殖产业[1]。为追求更高的经济效益,集约化生产模式在肉鸡养殖中被广泛采用,但该模式易导致肉鸡出现免疫力降低、抗氧化能力下降以及肠道功能紊乱等问题,进而影响其生长性能[2-3]。近年来,植物多糖因其天然、安全、高效等特点,在畜禽养殖领域展现出巨大的应用潜力[4-5]。茯苓多糖(Poria cocos polysaccharides,PCPS)作为传统药用真菌茯苓的主要活性成分,已被证实具有抗氧化[6]、抗炎[7]、免疫调节[8]、抑菌[9]、保肝及抗癌[10-11]等生物学功能。王萍等[12]研究发现,饲粮中添加茯苓多糖可提高鸡的免疫器官指数和血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量,从而增强机体免疫功能;张梅等[13]研究发现,饲粮中添加茯苓多糖能够提高家兔平均日增重(ADG),降低料重比(F/G),同时改善其免疫状态;刘海防[14]研究发现,饲粮中添加茯苓多糖可提升肉鸡血清抗体水平和免疫器官指数。上述研究均表明,茯苓多糖在畜禽养殖中具有重要的应用价值。
根据溶解性差异,茯苓多糖可分为水溶性茯苓多糖和碱溶性茯苓多糖。后者虽含量丰富,但因溶解性较差限制了其生物活性的发挥[15]。研究表明,通过对碱溶性茯苓多糖进行羧甲基化修饰,可将其转化为水溶性的羧甲基茯苓多糖(carboxymethyl pachymaran,CMP),从而提升其生物活性和应用价值[16-17]。王灿红等[18]研究表明,饲粮中添加200 mg/kg CMP可以通过降低血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性来缓解小鼠的肝损伤。王峰等[19]研究发现,给结肠炎大鼠灌胃0.5%和1.5% CMP可抑制Toll样受体4(TLR4)/髓系分化因子88(MyD88)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路相关蛋白的表达,从而减轻炎症反应。目前,CMP在养殖业中的应用研究较少。因此,本研究通过在肉鸡饲粮中添加不同水平CMP,探讨其对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响,并探索适宜的添加水平,以期为CMP在肉鸡健康养殖中的推广应用提供参考。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

CMP含糖量>60%,详细信息见邓清等[20]。

1.2 试验设计

本试验通过湖南农业大学生物医学研究伦理委员会审查批准,批准号:伦审科2022第(051)号。选取300羽1日龄817肉鸡公雏,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加100(CMP100组)、200(CMP200组)、400(CMP400组)和800 mg/kg(CMP800组)CMP。试验期为49 d,分为1~21日龄和22~49日龄2个阶段。基础饲粮为参照NRC(1994)和《鸡饲养标准》(NY/T 33—2004)[21]中白羽肉鸡营养需要配制的玉米-豆粕型饲粮,其组成及营养水平见表1。
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis)%

项目
Items		 1~21日龄
1 to 21
days of age		 22~49日龄
22 to 49
days of age
原料Ingredients
玉米Corn 52.50 60.18
豆粕Soybean meal 20.55 18.68
膨化大豆粉
Extruded soybean flour		 22.22 16.90
L-赖氨酸L-Lys (98%) 0.17 0.08
DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met (99%) 0.18 0.10
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 1.55 1.39
石粉Limestone 1.43 1.27
氯化钠NaCl 0.30 0.30
氯化胆碱Choline chloride 0.10 0.10
预混料Premix1) 1.00 1.00
合计Total 100.00 100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels2)
代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) 12.53 12.59
粗蛋白质CP 22.82 20.63
赖氨酸Lys 1.40 1.15
蛋氨酸Met 0.53 0.42
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys 0.74 0.69
苏氨酸Thr 0.87 0.78
色氨酸Trp 0.27 0.24
钙Ca 1.02 0.90
总磷TP 0.67 0.63
非植酸磷AP 0.41 0.37

1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 12 000 IU,VD3 3 000 IU,VE 40 IU,VK3 4 mg,VB1 3 mg,VB2 12.5 mg,VB6 5 mg,VB12 0.03 mg,叶酸 folic acid 2 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 60 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 16 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 79.5 mg,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 54 mg,Zn ( as zinc sulfate) 62.1 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 7.5 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 0.30 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 1.2 mg。

2)代谢能和有效磷为计算值,根据《中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2022年第33版)》[22]计算得出;粗蛋白质、钙、总磷和氨基酸为实测值,分别参考GB/T 6432—2018、GB/T 6436—2018、GB/T 6437—2018和GB/T 18246—2019进行测定。ME and AP were calculated values according to the Tables of Feed Composition and Nutritive Values in China (33rd edition, 2022); CP, Ca, TP and amino acids were measured values, which were determined according to GB/T 6432—2018, GB/T 6436—2018, GB/T 6437—2018 and GB/T 18246—2019, respectively.

1.3 饲养管理

肉鸡饲养试验于怀化中方家禽科技小院开展。采用3层笼养模式,每笼10只鸡为1个重复,每天饲喂2次(08:00和16:00),鸡只自由采食与饮水。试验期间鸡只常规免疫,每天保持24 h光照,鸡舍温度第1周控制在33~34 ℃,每隔1周温度降低2~3 ℃,直至26 ℃,鸡舍自然通风,定期打扫卫生。

1.4 样品采集

分别于21和49日龄时,从每个重复中选取1只接近平均体重的鸡(禁食12 h,断料不断水),经翅静脉采血,血样先室温静置1 h,然后在4 ℃下以999×g离心15 min,分离血清,置于-80 ℃保存,用于后续血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的测定。试验鸡放血后屠宰,剖取胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊,用于计算免疫器官指数。

1.5 测定指标及方法

1.5.1 生长性能测定

分别于1、21和49日龄时对试验鸡进行空腹称重,以重复为单位记录每天的采食量,计算ADG、平均日采食量(ADFI)和F/G,计算公式为:
ADG(g/d)=(末重-初重)/试验天数;
ADFI(g/d)=(投料量-剩料量)/(鸡只数×试验天数);
F/G=ADFI/ADG。

1.5.2 血清生化指标测定

采用卓越450型全自动生化分析仪(上海科华实验系统有限公司)测定血清ALT、AST、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性以及总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)、总胆红素(T-Bil)、肌酐(CREA)、葡萄糖(GLU)和甘油三酯(TG)含量,并计算白球比(ALB/GLB)。

1.5.3 血清抗氧化指标测定

采用南京建成生物工程研究所生产的试剂盒测定血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,具体测定步骤参照试剂盒说明书进行。

1.5.4 免疫器官指数

对胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊进行称重并计算免疫器官指数,计算公式为:
免疫器官指数(g/kg)=免疫器官鲜重(g)/宰前空腹活重(kg)。

1.5.5 血清免疫指标

采用上海酶联生物科技有限公司生产的酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)试剂盒测定血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、IL-2、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量。

1.6 数据分析与处理

试验数据经过整理后,采用SPSS 26.0软件进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),差异显著的指标采用Duncan氏法进行多重比较,并进行线性和二次回归分析。结果以平均值和均值标准误(SEM)表示,P<0.05表示差异显著。

2 结果

2.1 CMP对肉鸡生长性能的影响

由表2可知,21和49日龄时,与对照组相比,CMP100组和CMP200组体重显著提高(P<0.05),且21和49日龄时的体重随饲粮CMP添加水平的升高呈二次变化(P<0.05)。1~21日龄时,与对照组相比,CMP100组和CMP200组ADG显著提高(P<0.05);22~49日龄时,与对照组相比,CMP200组ADG显著提高(P<0.05),且ADG随饲粮CMP添加水平的升高呈二次变化(P<0.05);1~49日龄时,与对照组相比,CMP100组和CMP200组ADG显著提高(P<0.05),且ADG随饲粮CMP添加水平的升高呈二次变化(P<0.05)。饲粮CMP添加水平对1~21日龄、22~49日龄及1~49日龄的ADFI和F/G均无显著影响(P>0.05)。
表2 羧甲基茯苓多糖对肉鸡生长性能的影响

Table 2 Effects of carboxymethyl pachymaran on growth performance of broilers

项目
Items		 组别Groups SEM P值P-value
对照
Control		 CMP100 CMP200 CMP400 CMP800 处理
Treatment		 线性
Linear		 二次
Quadratic
1~21日龄1 to 21 days of age
末重FBW/g 342.50c 362.67ab 372.17a 347.00bc 345.66bc 3.387 0.011 0.646 0.003
平均日增重
ADG/(g/d)		 14.34c 15.30ab 15.73a 14.52bc 14.50bc 0.161 0.012 0.632 0.050
平均日采食量
ADFI/(g/d)		 21.24 22.04 22.23 21.29 21.15 0.180 0.186 0.461 0.050
料重比F/G 1.48 1.44 1.42 1.47 1.46 0.011 0.309 0.789 0.106
22~49日龄22 to 49 days of age
末重FBW/g 1 466.83c 1 535.00b 1 606.00a 1 513.50bc 1 485.17bc 12.128 <0.001 0.809 <0.001
平均日增重
ADG/(g/d)		 40.16b 41.87ab 44.07a 41.66b 40.70b 0.409 0.017 0.727 0.002
平均日采食量
ADFI/(g/d)		 76.45 79.57 80.33 77.02 77.82 0.700 0.373 0.972 0.152
料重比F/G 1.91 1.90 1.83 1.85 1.92 0.129 0.670 0.863 0.224
1~49日龄1 to 49 days of age
平均日增重
ADG/(g/d)		 29.09c 30.48b 31.92a 30.03bc 29.47bc 0.246 <0.001 0.815 <0.001
平均日采食量
ADFI/(g/d)		 52.79 54.91 55.43 53.16 53.53 0.400 0.151 0.913 0.059
料重比F/G 1.81 1.81 1.74 1.77 1.82 0.018 0.575 0.866 0.164

同行数据肩标无字母或相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。

In the same row, values with no letter or the same small letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below.

2.2 CMP对肉鸡血清生化指标的影响

由表3可知,21日龄时,饲粮CMP添加水平对血清AST活性及TP、GLB、T-Bil、CREA、GLU、TG含量均无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,CMP400组和CMP800组血清ALT活性显著降低(P<0.05),CMP200组血清ALB含量显著提高(P<0.05);随着饲粮CMP添加水平的升高,血清ALT活性呈线性降低(P<0.05),血清ALB含量呈二次变化(P<0.05)。49日龄时,饲粮CMP添加水平对血清AST活性及TP、ALB、GLB、T-Bil、CREA、GLU、TG含量均无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,CMP100组和CMP200组血清ALT活性显著降低(P<0.05)。
表3 羧甲基茯苓多糖对肉鸡血清生化指标的影响

Table 3 Effects of carboxymethyl pachymaran on serum biochemical indices of broilers

项目
Items		 组别Groups SEM P值P-value
对照
Control		 CMP100 CMP200 CMP400 CMP800 处理
Treatment		 线性
Linear		 二次
Quadratic
21日龄21 days of age
谷丙转氨酶
ALT/(U/L)		 9.50a 8.18ab 7.30abc 6.83bc 5.37c 0.395 0.007 <0.001 0.966
谷草转氨酶
AST/(U/L)		 349.57 307.08 294.93 307.20 320.20 9.073 0.392 0.967 0.085
总蛋白TP/(g/L) 31.88 32.90 35.18 33.80 32.81 0.460 0.212 0.386 0.049
白蛋白ALB/(g/L) 9.62b 10.33ab 11.28a 10.38ab 10.02b 0.183 0.046 0.470 0.007
球蛋白GLB/(g/L) 17.57 18.89 17.27 18.42 17.80 0.313 0.497 0.994 0.678
白球比ALB/GLB 0.56 0.55 0.66 0.57 0.57 0.014 0.092 0.722 0.107
总胆红素
T-Bil/(μmol/L)		 2.29 1.49 1.33 3.14 2.09 0.229 0.085 0.416 0.414
肌酐
CREA/(μmol/L)		 16.97 15.45 15.65 19.60 17.53 1.021 0.733 0.486 0.767
葡萄糖
GLU/(mmol/L)		 11.98 11.66 12.15 12.15 10.80 0.190 0.121 0.147 0.098
甘油三酯
TG/(mmol/L)		 0.44 0.45 0.52 0.47 0.53 0.020 0.535 0.186 0.849
49日龄49 days of age
谷丙转氨酶
ALT/(U/L)		 7.57a 5.30bc 4.55c 6.80ab 5.65abc 0.350 0.037 0.297 0.054
谷草转氨酶
AST/(U/L)		 298.92 273.82 258.83 258.73 267.60 6.727 0.315 0.109 0.147
总蛋白TP/(g/L) 32.90 35.74 36.14 35.07 34.50 1.164 0.930 0.775 0.429
白蛋白ALB/(g/L) 10.40 10.40 10.30 10.38 11.07 0.217 0.820 0.421 0.423
球蛋白GLB/(g/L) 25.34 22.50 25.84 24.69 23.43 1.049 0.867 0.835 0.886
白球比ALB/GLB 0.41 0.49 0.42 0.44 0.49 0.017 0.461 0.415 0.817
总胆红素
T-Bil/(μmol/L)		 2.49 2.11 2.46 2.07 2.88 0.110 0.108 0.312 0.064
肌酐
CREA/(μmol/L)		 24.63 25.43 24.42 26.22 28.03 5.616 0.827 0.327 0.594
葡萄糖
GLU/(mmol/L)		 11.77 11.44 13.23 12.27 12.69 1.248 0.084 0.082 0.486
甘油三酯
TG/(mmol/L)		 0.18 0.16 0.21 0.18 0.21 0.007 0.071 0.086 0.439

2.3 CMP对肉鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响

由表4可知,21日龄时,饲粮CMP添加水平对血清T-SOD和CAT活性、T-AOC及MDA含量均无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,CMP200组血清GSH-Px活性显著提高(P<0.05),且血清GSH-Px活性随饲粮CMP添加水平的升高呈二次变化(P<0.05)。49日龄时,饲粮CMP添加水平对血清T-SOD和GSH-Px活性均无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,CMP100组、CMP200组和CMP400组血清T-AOC显著提高(P<0.05),CMP800组血清CAT活性显著提高(P<0.05),各试验组血清MDA含量均显著降低(P<0.05);随着饲粮CMP添加水平的升高,血清T-AOC呈二次变化(P<0.05),血清CAT活性呈线性上升(P<0.05),血清MDA含量呈线性和二次变化(P<0.05)。
表4 羧甲基茯苓多糖对肉鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响

Table 4 Effects of carboxymethyl pachymaran on serum antioxidant indices of broilers

项目
Items		 组别Groups SEM P值P-value
对照
Control		 CMP100 CMP200 CMP400 CMP800 处理
Treatment		 线性
Linear		 二次
Quadratic
21日龄21 days of age
总超氧化物歧化酶
T-SOD/(U/mL)		 60.32 65.54 66.07 61.21 63.63 1.310 0.586 0.811 0.339
总抗氧化能力
T-AOC/(mmol/L)		 0.64 0.69 0.72 0.65 0.67 0.016 0.512 0.920 0.220
过氧化氢酶
CAT/(U/mL)		 2.03 2.23 2.75 2.35 2.76 0.114 0.171 0.052 0.572
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶
GSH-Px/(U/mL)		 1 810.59b 2 185.88ab 2 616.47a 2 035.29b 2 084.70b 84.956 0.028 0.442 0.012
丙二醛
MDA/(nmol/L)		 3.80 2.62 2.53 3.00 3.32 0.237 0.449 0.740 0.089
49日龄49 days of age
总超氧化物歧化酶
T-SOD/(U/mL)		 58.23 64.10 62.67 58.21 60.83 1.558 0.719 0.953 0.491
总抗氧化能力
T-AOC/(mmol/L)		 0.59b 0.71a 0.74a 0.70a 0.68ab 0.017 0.030 0.098 0.006
过氧化氢酶
CAT/(U/mL)		 3.22b 3.37b 4.58ab 3.84b 5.59a 0.263 0.014 0.003 0.154
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶
GSH-Px/(U/mL)		 2 084.98 2 218.58 2 629.54 2 447.27 2 385.45 71.703 0.133 0.092 0.092
丙二醛
MDA/(nmol/L)		 3.96a 2.72b 1.90b 1.90b 2.67b 0.223 0.009 0.013 0.004

2.4 CMP对肉鸡免疫器官指数的影响

由表5可知,21日龄时,饲粮CMP添加水平对脾脏指数、胸腺指数和法氏囊指数均无显著影响(P>0.05)。49日龄时,饲粮CMP添加水平对脾脏指数和胸腺指数无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,各试验组法氏囊指数均显著提高(P<0.05);随着饲粮CMP添加水平的升高,法氏囊指数呈线性和二次变化(P<0.05)。
表5 羧甲基茯苓多糖对肉鸡免疫器官指数的影响

Table 5 Effects of carboxymethyl pachymaran on immune organ indices of broilersg/kg

项目
Items		 组别Groups SEM P值P-value
对照
Control		 CMP100 CMP200 CMP400 CMP800 处理
Treatment		 线性
Linear		 二次
Quadratic
21日龄21 days of age
脾脏指数Spleen index 1.27 1.80 1.89 1.66 1.47 0.089 0.166 0.651 0.020
胸腺指数Thymus index 3.52 3.29 3.38 3.43 3.03 0.128 0.807 0.376 0.747
法氏囊指数
Bursa of Fabricius index		 3.13 3.59 3.87 3.13 3.17 0.135 0.295 0.682 0.105
49日龄49 days of age
脾脏指数Spleen index 1.39 1.87 1.90 1.50 1.59 0.157 0.237 0.957 0.093
胸腺指数Thymus index 1.79 2.08 2.27 1.92 2.05 0.137 0.495 0.559 0.248
法氏囊指数
Bursa of Fabricius index		 1.88b 2.85a 2.91a 2.81a 2.71a 0.091 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

2.5 CMP对肉鸡血清免疫指标的影响

由表6可知,21日龄时,饲粮CMP添加水平对血清IgA、IgM、IgG、IL-2、IL-4和IL-6含量均无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,CMP400组血清IL-1β含量显著降低(P<0.05),CMP200组和CMP400组血清TNF-α含量显著降低(P<0.05);随着饲粮CMP添加水平的升高,血清IL-1β含量呈线性下降(P<0.05),血清TNF-α含量呈二次变化(P<0.05)。49日龄时,饲粮CMP添加水平对血清IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α含量均无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,CMP400组血清IgA含量显著提高(P<0.05),CMP200组血清IgM含量显著提高(P<0.05),CMP100组、CMP200组和CMP400组血清IgG含量显著提高(P<0.05),各试验组血清IL-1β含量均显著降低(P<0.05);随着饲粮CMP添加水平的升高,血清IgA、IgG和IgM含量呈二次变化(P<0.05),血清IL-1β含量呈线性和二次变化(P<0.05)。
表6 羧甲基茯苓多糖对肉鸡血清免疫指标的影响

Table 6 Effects of carboxymethyl pachymaran on serum immune indices of broilers

项目
Items		 组别Groups SEM P值P-value
对照
Control		 CMP100 CMP200 CMP400 CMP800 处理
Treatment		 线性
Linear		 二次
Quadratic
21日龄21 days of age
免疫球蛋白A
IgA/(μg/mL)		 1 160.14 1 173.82 1 284.10 1 091.10 1 046.50 36.042 0.290 0.225 0.167
免疫球蛋白M
IgM/(μg/mL)		 2 366.21 2 475.05 2 628.44 2 423.25 2 385.77 42.124 0.299 0.966 0.071
免疫球蛋白G
IgG/(g/L)		 24.37 25.41 26.56 25.74 23.89 0.450 0.352 0.839 0.048
白细胞介素-2
IL-2/(pg/mL)		 247.37 268.75 270.83 263.23 259.03 4.821 0.587 0.613 0.152
白细胞介素-4
IL-4/(pg/mL)		 54.86 56.58 57.85 55.65 52.82 0.730 0.258 0.329 0.045
白细胞介素-6
IL-6/(pg/mL)		 26.36 28.47 28.69 24.49 25.38 0.621 0.118 0.160 0.170
白细胞介素-1β
IL-1β/(pg/mL)		 89.35a 84.69ab 84.54ab 76.41b 80.55ab 1.455 0.048 0.009 0.386
肿瘤坏死因子-α
TNF-α/(pg/mL)		 780.01a 698.14abc 668.00bc 606.04c 749.09ab 18.194 0.012 0.168 0.003
49日龄49 days of age
免疫球蛋白A
IgA/(μg/mL)		 1 008.73b 1 057.39b 1 135.66ab 1 239.18a 1 030.45b 26.764 0.028 0.185 0.019
免疫球蛋白M
IgM/(μg/mL)		 2 364.74b 2 715.49ab 3 077.75a 2 588.29b 2 415.17b 75.223 0.011 0.953 0.001
免疫球蛋白G
IgG/(g/L)		 23.46c 26.98ab 27.76a 26.76ab 24.61bc 0.452 0.005 0.431 <0.001
白细胞介素-2
IL-2/(pg/mL)		 238.41 244.20 262.63 260.62 232.12 5.397 0.294 0.919 0.055
白细胞介素-4
IL-4/(pg/mL)		 50.55 53.35 56.60 53.14 51.32 0.967 0.333 0.846 0.057
白细胞介素-6
IL-6/(pg/mL)		 24.84 25.24 25.18 26.12 24.57 0.359 0.738 0.902 0.361
白细胞介素-1β
IL-1β/(pg/mL)		 80.67a 69.22b 66.37b 68.40b 72.07b 1.445 0.008 0.042 0.002
肿瘤坏死因子-α
TNF-α/(pg/mL)		 768.98 734.47 651.87 589.00 721.03 23.530 0.100 0.130 0.065

3 讨论

3.1 CMP对肉鸡生长性能的影响

研究表明,植物源多糖在改善畜禽生长性能方面具有显著潜力。刘平平等[23]研究发现,饲粮中添加0.2%、0.4%和0.6%黄芪多糖可显著提高肉仔鸡的日增重、日采食量及饲料利用率;Zhang等[24]研究发现,饲粮中添加200~1 500 mg/kg甘草多糖能够不同程度地改善肉鸡的ADG、ADFI和F/G;Yang等[25]研究发现,饲粮中添加400和800 mg/kg黄精多糖可通过提高蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶等消化酶的活性来增强消化功能,从而改善肉鸡生长性能。本研究结果表明,饲粮中添加CMP可显著提高肉鸡的ADG,促进其生长,其中以100和200 mg/kg添加水平的效果最为显著。其原因可能是CMP可提高肉鸡的抗氧化能力和免疫功能,保证机体的健康,从而促进生长发育。此外,该结果也可能与CMP能够改善肉鸡血清生化指标,促进机体对蛋白质的消化吸收有关。

3.2 CMP对肉鸡血清生化指标的影响

血清生化指标是评估动物营养代谢状态的重要指标。ALT和AST主要存在于肝细胞中,是机体重要的转氨酶,其活性升高提示肝细胞膜通透性改变或结构损伤[26];TP作为血清主要成分,可反映机体蛋白质代谢情况;ALB作为机体重要的转运蛋白,其在血清中的含量变化可对蛋白质代谢产生调节效应[27];GLB参与机体免疫反应;血清GLU和TG含量分别反映机体糖代谢和脂代谢状态;CREA含量可评估肾脏功能;T-Bil是评价肝脏代谢功能的重要指标之一[28]。研究表明,饲粮中添加巴戟天多糖可显著提高文昌鸡血清GLU含量,加强机体对糖类物质的消化代谢[29]。李新等[30]研究发现,饲粮中添加玉米须多糖可以降低肉鸡血清TG含量,减少体内脂质沉积,改善鸡肉品质。胡耀[31]研究表明,饲粮中添加松针多糖可以提高肉鸡血清TP和ALB含量,促进机体蛋白质代谢。陈松伟等[32]研究发现,饲粮中添加甘草多糖可以显著降低肉鸡血清TG含量和ALT活性,同时甘草多糖添加水平为1 000 mg/kg时可以使肉鸡血清TP含量显著提高,这表明甘草多糖可以调节血脂代谢,保护肝脏功能,促进蛋白质的代谢沉积。在本研究中,饲粮中添加400和800 mg/kg CMP可显著降低21日龄肉鸡血清ALT活性,同时,添加100和200 mg/kg CMP可以使49日龄肉鸡血清ALT活性显著降低,这表明CMP对肝脏具有保护作用。这与王灿红等[18]发现的CMP可显著降低肝损伤小鼠血清ALT和AST活性的结果一致。此外,饲粮中添加200 mg/kg CMP可使21日龄肉鸡血清ALB含量显著提高,说明适量的CMP能够促进肉鸡对蛋白质的消化吸收,改善蛋白质代谢水平。

3.3 CMP对肉鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响

在养殖过程中,肉鸡容易受到氧化应激的影响,进而损害健康并降低生产性能。机体的抗氧化系统以抗氧化酶为核心,其中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、CAT和GSH-Px发挥关键作用;MDA作为脂质氧化的终产物,其含量可反映机体的氧化损伤程度,含量越高表明氧化应激越严重[33]。Long等[34]研究发现,饲粮中添加枸杞多糖可提高肉鸡血清SOD和GSH-Px活性,并降低MDA含量,表现出显著的抗氧化效果。Qiao等[35]报道,饲粮中添加黄芪多糖和甘草多糖可提升肉鸡血清T-AOC及SOD、GSH-Px活性,同时降低血清MDA含量。Chang等[36]研究发现,饲粮中添加500 mg/kg山药多糖能提高肉鸡血清T-AOC及T-SOD、GSH-Px活性,并降低血清MDA含量。龚泽修等[37]也指出,茯苓多糖可提高母猪血清SOD、CAT活性及仔猪血清CAT活性。另有研究证实,CMP在总抗氧化活性和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率方面优于同剂量的维生素C[38]。本研究结果表明,饲粮中添加适量CMP可显著提高肉鸡血清T-AOC及GSH-Px、CAT活性,同时降低血清MDA含量,与上述研究结果一致。这表明CMP能够促进抗氧化酶的生成,降低机体氧化应激反应,增强肉鸡的抗氧化能力。

3.4 CMP对肉鸡免疫功能的影响

机体健康是保证肉鸡正常发育的基础,免疫功能低下会增加患病风险,进而影响生长性能。脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊作为禽类重要的免疫器官,共同参与机体的体液免疫与细胞免疫过程。这些器官的发育状态以及免疫球蛋白水平是衡量机体免疫功能的重要指标[39]。王宽波等[40]研究发现,饲粮中添加1%和2%茯苓多糖可显著提高白羽肉鸡的脾脏指数、胸腺指数和法氏囊指数。Deng等[41]研究发现,饲粮中添加500 mg/kg山药多糖能显著提高肉鸡胸腺指数和脾脏指数,从而增强其免疫功能。Wei等[42]研究发现,为小鼠注射CMP可显著逆转猪圆环病毒感染导致的脾脏指数和胸腺指数下降。本研究结果表明,饲粮中添加CMP可显著提高49日龄肉鸡的法氏囊指数,说明CMP有助于促进免疫器官发育,改善肉鸡的免疫功能。
CMP还可通过促进免疫球蛋白合成和降低促炎因子水平以增强机体免疫功能。Wu等[43]研究发现,饲粮中添加甘草多糖可提高肉鸡血清IgA、IgG和IgM含量。Liu等[44]研究发现,CMP能显著提高小鼠血清IgA和IgG含量,进而增强小鼠的免疫力。本研究结果表明,饲粮中添加CMP显著提高了49日龄肉鸡血清IgA、IgM和IgG含量,这意味着CMP可能通过刺激动物机体产生相应的免疫细胞及促进免疫细胞增殖,从而促进免疫球蛋白分泌,实现体液免疫功能,增强机体免疫力。有研究表明,饲粮中添加茯苓多糖可以提高断奶仔猪血清IgG、IgA和IL-2含量,同时降低血清IL-6和TNF-α含量[45]。王峰等[19]对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠灌胃CMP后,发现大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6和白细胞介素-12(IL-12)含量显著降低。本研究结果表明,饲粮中添加适量CMP可以显著降低21日龄肉鸡血清IL-1β、TNF-α以及49日龄血清IL-1β含量,表明CMP具有缓解炎症损伤的作用。这可能是由于试验期间天气炎热,加之饲养密度过大,对肉鸡造成了免疫应激,从而导致细胞因子过量产生,而CMP的添加缓解了炎症反应,使炎症因子含量降低。李文嘉等[46]的研究也表明,龙须菜多糖可降低肉鸡血清TNF-α和IL-1β含量,抑制炎症发生,与本研究结果一致。综上所述,CMP可通过提高法氏囊指数、增强免疫球蛋白合成以及降低促炎因子水平等多途径协同增强肉鸡的免疫功能。

4 结论

饲粮中添加CMP能够改善肉鸡血清生化指标,提高抗氧化能力和免疫功能,进而提高肉鸡的生长性能。本试验条件下,CMP添加水平为200 mg/kg时饲喂效果最佳。

References

Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within
[1]
王桂玉. 我国商品代肉鸡养殖问题与发展思考[J]. 中国动物保健, 2019, 21(11):39,44.

WANG G Y. The problems and developmental considerations of commercial broiler farming in China[J]. China Animal Health, 2019, 21(11):39,44. (in Chinese)

[2]
贺卫华, 翟晓虎, 汪春雪, 等. 饲养密度对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响[J]. 中国饲料, 2019(24):28-32.

HE W H, ZHAI X H, WANG C X, et al. Effects of feeding density on growth performance,antioxidant capacity and immune function of broilers[J]. China Feed, 2019(24):28-32. (in Chinese)

[3]
TSIOURIS V, GEORGOPOULOU I, BATZIOS C, et al. High stocking density as a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks[J]. Avian Pathology, 2015, 44(2):59-66.

[4]
QIAO Y Y, LIU C Z, GUO Y P, et al. Polysaccharides derived from Astragalus membranaceus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis improve growth performance of broilers by enhancing intestinal health and modulating gut microbiota[J]. Poultry Science, 2022, 101(7):101905.

[5]
XING Y Y, ZHENG Y K, YANG S, et al. Artemisia ordosica polysaccharide ameliorated LPS-induced growth inhibition and intestinal injury in broilers through enhancing immune-regulation and antioxidant capacity[J]. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2023,115:109284.

[6]
YI Y, HUA H M, SUN X F, et al. Rapid determination of polysaccharides and antioxidant activity of Poria cocos using near-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics[J]. Spectrochimica Acta:Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2020,240:118623.

[7]
LU M K, CHAO C H, HSU Y C. Effect of carbohydrate-feeding strategy on the production,physiochemical changes,anti-inflammation activities of polysaccharides of Poria cocos[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2021,192:435-443.

[8]
TU Y J, LUO X Y, LIU D, et al. Extracts of Poria cocos improve functional dyspepsia via regulating brain-gut peptides,immunity and repairing of gastrointestinal mucosa[J]. Phytomedicine, 2022,95:153875.

[9]
胡朝暾, 肖毅, 周鹏飞, 等. 茯苓多糖的提取及其抑菌研究[J]. 怀化学院学报, 2012, 31(8):15-18.

HU Z T, XIAO Y, ZHOU P F, et al. The studies of pachymaran extraction and antibacterial test[J]. Journal of Huaihua University, 2012, 31(8):15-18. (in Chinese)

[10]
WU K, FAN J L, HUANG X Y, et al. Hepatoprotective effects exerted by Poria cocos polysaccharides against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2018,114:137-142.

[11]
刘英语, 吴酉芝, 韩帅, 等. 茯苓多糖的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2023, 59(5):76-80.

LIU Y Y, WU Y Z, HAN S, et al. Advances in physiological function of Poria cocos polysaccharides and its application in animal production[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2023, 59(5):76-80. (in Chinese)

[12]
王萍, 王玉堃, 于天明, 等. 茯苓多糖对鸡免疫功能的影响[J]. 现代农业科技, 2022(11):159-161,170.

WANG P, WANG Y K, YU T M, et al. Effect of Poria cocos mushroom polysaccharides on immune function of chickens[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022(11):159-161,170. (in Chinese)

[13]
张梅, 郭志利, 陈玉芬, 等. 茯苓提取物对家兔生长性能及免疫功能的影响[J]. 中国饲料, 2024(4):37-40.

ZHANG M, GUO Z L, CHEN Y F, et al. Effects of Poria cocos extract on growth performance and immune function in rabbits[J]. China Feed, 2024(4):37-40. (in Chinese)

[14]
刘海防. 茯苓多糖对肉鸡免疫力的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医科学(电子版), 2020(15):9-10.

LIU H F. Effect of pachymaran on immunity of broilers[J]. Graziery Veterinary Sciences(Electronic Version), 2020(15):9-10. (in Chinese)

[15]
康玉姿, 王维皓. 近红外漫反射法测定茯苓中水溶性多糖及碱溶性多糖[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2016, 22(24):80-83.

KANG Y Z, WANG W H. Determination of water-soluble polysaccharide and alkali-soluble polysaccharide in poria by near infrared spectroscopy[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2016, 22(24):80-83. (in Chinese)

[16]
徐攀, 张芳铭, 郑慧, 等. 羧甲基茯苓多糖的生物活性与食品应用[J]. 食品与机械, 2024, 40(6):213-220.

XU P, ZHANG F M, ZHENG H, et al. Biological activity and food application of carboxymethyl pachymaran[J]. Food & Machinery, 2024, 40(6):213-220. (in Chinese)

[17]
刘星汶. 羧甲基茯苓多糖的制备及构效关系研究[D]. 硕士学位论文. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2021.

LIU X W. Study on the preparation and structure-activity relationships of carboxymethyl-pachymaran[D]. Master's Thesis. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2021. (in Chinese)

[18]
王灿红, 何晓山, 张丽静, 等. 羧甲基茯苓多糖对氟尿嘧啶肝损伤小鼠减毒及肝脏保护作用[J]. 现代食品科技, 2016, 32(9):28-34.

WANG C H, HE X S, ZHANG L J, et al. Toxicity reduction by (and hepatoprotective effects of) carboxymethyl pachymaran on 5-fluorouracil-induced liver injury in mice[J].Modern Food Science & Technology, 2016, 32(9):28-34. (in Chinese)

[19]
王峰, 何佳, 王林园, 等. 羧甲基茯苓多糖对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的研究[J]. 中国临床药理学杂志, 2022, 38(12):1368-1372.

WANG F, HE J, WANG L Y, et al. Research of carboxymethyl pachymaran on ulcerative colitis rats[J]. The Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2022, 38(12):1368-1372. (in Chinese)

[20]
邓清, 黄河, 文少怀, 等. 羧甲基茯苓多糖、丁酸梭菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌后生元复合物对昆明小鼠生长性能和盲肠菌群结构的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2025, 37(3):2003-2018.

DENG Q, HUANG H, WEN S H, et al. Impacts of a compound of carboxymethyl pachymaran and Clostridium butyricum and Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics on growth performance and cecal microflora composition of Kunming mice[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2025, 37(3):2003-2018. (in Chinese)

[21]
中华人民共和国农业部.鸡饲养标准:NY/T 33—2004[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2004.

Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China.Feeding standard of chicken:NY/T 33—2004[S]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2004. (in Chinese)

[22]
中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 动物营养学国家重点实验室, 中国饲料数据库情报网中心, 等. 中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2022年第33版)制订说明[J]. 中国饲料, 2022(23):109-119.

Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Feed Data-Base Information Network Center, et al. Formulation of tables of feed composition and nutritive values in China (33rd edition,2022)[J]. China Feed, 2022(23):109-119.( in Chinese)

[23]
刘平平, 于鹏杰, 王霞. 日粮中添加黄芪多糖对肉仔鸡生产性能、脏器指数、屠宰性能及肌肉品质的影响[J]. 中国饲料, 2024(8):25-28.

LIU P P, YU P J, WANG X. The effect of adding Astragalus polysaccharides to the diet on the production performance,organ index,slaughtering performance,and muscle quality of broilers[J]. China Feed, 2024(8):25-28. (in Chinese)

[24]
ZHANG C, LI C X, SHAO Q, et al. Effects of glycyrrhiza polysaccharide in diet on growth performance,serum antioxidant capacity,and biochemistry of broilers[J]. Poultry Science, 2021, 100(3):100927.

[25]
YANG B, LI X F, MESALAM N M, et al. The impact of dietary supplementation of polysaccharide derived from Polygonatum sibiricum on growth,antioxidant capacity,meat quality,digestive physiology,and gut microbiota in broiler chickens[J]. Poultry Science, 2024, 103(6):103675.

[26]
薛悦, 李照兴, 王洪彦, 等. 白藜芦醇及其衍生物对断奶仔猪生长性能、肝脏损伤及内质网应激的影响[J/OL]. 南京农业大学学报, 2025:1-11 (2025-02-27)[2025-04-01]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1148.S.20250227.1426.002.html.

XUE Y, LI Z X, WANG H Y, et al. Effects of resveratrol and its derivative on growth performance and hepatic damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress of weaned piglets[J/OL]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2025:1-11 (2025-02-27)[2025-04-01]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1148.S.20250227.1426.002.html. (in Chinese)

[27]
WANG J P, YOO J S, KIM H J, et al. Nutrient digestibility,blood profiles and fecal microbiota are influenced by chitooligosaccharide supplementation of growing pigs[J]. Livestock Science, 2009, 125(2/3):298-303.

[28]
马志鹏. 饲料中添加不同添加剂对白羽肉鸡的生长性能、血清生化指标影响的研究[D]. 硕士学位论文. 武汉: 武汉轻工大学, 2020.

MA Z P. Effects of different nutrients added in feed on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of white feather broilers[D]. Master's Thesis. Wuhan: Wuhan Polytechnic University, 2020. (in Chinese)

[29]
吴蔚, 孙瑞萍, 刘杰, 等. 巴戟天多糖对文昌鸡生长性能、血清免疫和抗氧化指标及免疫器官发育的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(9):3847-3856.

WU W, SUN R P, LIU J, et al. Effects of Morinda officinalis polysaccharide on growth performance,serum immune and antioxidant indexes and immune organs development of Wenchang chickens[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(9):3847-3856. (in Chinese)

[30]
李新, 李凌, 刘慧卿. 玉米须多糖对肉鸡血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 中国饲料, 2020(17):63-66.

LI X, LI L, LIU H Q. Effects of corn silk polysaccharide on serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity of broilers[J]. China Feed, 2020(17):63-66. (in Chinese)

[31]
胡耀. 松针多糖对815肉鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响[D]. 硕士学位论文. 南昌: 江西农业大学, 2015.

HU Y. Effects of pine needles polysaccharide on the production performance and immunity function of 815 broilers[D]. Master's Thesis. Nanchang: Jiangxi Agricultural University, 2015. (in Chinese)

[32]
陈伟松, 王冬群. 甘草多糖对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2023, 46(2):71-74.

CHEN W S, WANG D Q. Effect of glycyrrhiza polysaccharide on growth performance,immune function and serum biochemical indexes of broilers[J]. Feed Research, 2023, 46(2):71-74. (in Chinese)

[33]
卫鑫岚, 师响, 钱薇, 等. 桑枝提取物对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、器官指数、血清生化和抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2024, 60(3):181-186.

WEI X L, SHI X, QIAN W, et al. Effects of mulberry branch extract on production performance,organ indices,serum biochemical parameters,and antioxidant capacity in yellow-feathered broilers[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2024, 60(3):181-186. (in Chinese)

[34]
LONG L N, KANG B J, JIANG Q, et al. Effects of dietary Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on growth performance,digestive enzyme activities,antioxidant status,and immunity of broiler chickens[J]. Poultry Science, 2020, 99(2):744-751.

[35]
QIAO Y Y, GUO Y P, ZHANG W, et al. Effects of compound polysaccharides derived from Astragalus and Glycyrrhiza on growth performance,meat quality and antioxidant function of broilers based on serum metabolomics and cecal microbiota[J]. Antioxidants, 2022, 11(10):1872.

[36]
CHANG Y D, ZHANG J Z, JIN Y, et al. Effects of dietary supplementation of Chinese yam polysaccharide on carcass composition,meat quality,and antioxidant capacity in broilers[J]. Animals, 2023, 13(3):503.

[37]
龚泽修, 张星, 谢凯, 等. 茯苓多糖对母猪繁殖性能、仔猪生长性能及血清免疫指标、抗氧化指标的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2020, 43(6):27-30.

GONG Z X, ZHANG X, XIE K, et al. Effect of pachymaran on sow reproductive performance,piglet growth performance,serum immune indexes and antioxidant indexes[J]. Feed Research, 2020, 43(6):27-30. (in Chinese)

[38]
周际松, 汪芷玥, 汤凯, 等. 羧甲基化茯苓多糖的抗氧化性分析[J]. 中国食品添加剂, 2020, 31(7):120-125.

ZHOU J S, WANG Z Y, TANG K, et al. Antioxidant analysis of carboxymethylated Poria cocos[J]. China Food Additives, 2020, 31(7):120-125. (in Chinese)

[39]
方磊涵, 王振, 王留, 等. 中药复方多糖对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J]. 中国兽医杂志, 2018, 54(9):56-59.

FANG L H, WANG Z, WANG L, et al. Effects of Chinese herbal compound polysaccharides on growth performance and immune function in broilers[J]. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2018, 54(9):56-59. (in Chinese)

[40]
王宽波, 华蕾, 赵绍华, 等. 茯苓多糖对白羽肉鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J]. 畜牧业环境, 2020(12):74-75.

WANG K B, HUA L, ZHAO S H, et al. Effects of Poria cocos polysaccharides on growth performance and immune function in white-feathered broilers[J]. Animal Indusry and Environment, 2020(12):74-75. (in Chinese)

[41]
DENG J H, ZHANG J Z, CHANG Y D, et al. Effects of Chinese yam polysaccharides on the immune function and serum biochemical indexes of broilers[J]. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2022,9:1013888.

[42]
WEI Y Y, HU T J, SU Z J, et al. Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of carboxymethylpachymaran on the mice infected with PCV2[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2012, 50(3):713-719.

[43]
WU S J. Effect of dietary Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide on the growth performance and immunity of juvenile broilers[J]. Poultry Science, 2018, 97(10):3489-3493.

[44]
LIU F, ZHANG L J, FENG X, et al. Immunomodulatory activity of carboxymethyl pachymaran on immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide[J]. Molecules, 2021, 26(19):5733.

[45]
ZHANG J Z, WANG H M, MENG S T, et al. The effects of Poria cocos polysaccharides on growth performance,immunity,and cecal microflora composition of weaned piglets[J]. Animals, 2024, 14(7):1121.

[46]
李文嘉, 徐彬, 王琳燚, 等. 龙须菜多糖对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021, 33(7):3778-3789.

LI W J, XU B, WANG L Y, et al. Effects of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharides on growth performance,antioxidant capacity and immune function of broilers[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(7):3778-3789. (in Chinese)

Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉

京ICP备17050989号-2
Copyright © Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, All Rights Reserved.
Tel: 010－62817823　E-mail: cjan@vip.163.com
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co., Ltd.