1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 试验设计与饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis)% |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 稻草Rice straw | 13.00 |
| 全株玉米青贮Whole-plant corn silage | 44.00 |
| 玉米Corn | 28.10 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 5.00 |
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 3.70 |
| 大豆皮Soyabean hull | 3.20 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.42 |
| 小苏打NaHCO3 | 0.43 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 2.15 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 综合净能NEmf/(MJ/kg) | 5.49 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 4.61 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 35.65 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 19.22 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 10.49 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 1.84 |
| 钙Ca | 0.54 |
| 磷P | 0.35 |
1)每千克预混料含有 One kilogram of the premix contained the following:VA 500 000 IU,VD 150 000 IU,VE 2 400 IU,Fe 500 mg,Cu 1 000 mg,Zn 2 400 mg,Mn 1 500 mg,Se 45 mg,Co 15 mg。 | |
2)综合净能根据《肉牛饲养标准》(NY/T 815—2004)[11]计算得出,其余为实测值。NEmf was calculated according to Feeding Standard of Beef Cattle (NY/T 815—2004)[11], while the others were measured values. |
1.3 样品采集及指标测定
1.3.1 体尺指标和生长性能
1.3.2 养分表观消化率
1.3.3 血液生理生化指标及血清免疫和抗氧化指标
1.4 数据分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同品种肉牛体尺指标的比较
表2 不同品种肉牛体尺指标的比较Table 2 Comparison of body size indices of different breeds of beef cattle |
| 项目 Items | 中国西门塔尔牛 Chinese Simmental cattle | 太行云牛 Taihang Yun cattle | 夏洛莱牛 Charolais cattle | 晋南牛 Jinnan cattle | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 体高Body height | ||||||
| 初始Initial/cm | 125.7 | 125.8 | 128.8 | 126.4 | 1.23 | 0.786 |
| 终末Final/cm | 129.8 | 128.0 | 131.2 | 129.6 | 1.16 | 0.856 |
| 增长率Growth rate/% | 3.36 | 1.80 | 1.83 | 2.53 | 0.261 | 0.086 |
| 体斜长Body diagonal length | ||||||
| 初始Initial/cm | 152.3b | 148.2b | 158.3a | 147.8b | 1.29 | 0.003 |
| 终末Final/cm | 162.2ab | 158.3b | 166.8a | 154.2b | 1.61 | 0.019 |
| 增长率Growth rate/% | 6.43 | 6.41 | 5.37 | 4.34 | 0.520 | 0.479 |
| 十字高Hip height | ||||||
| 初始Initial/cm | 128.0 | 124.8 | 129.3 | 125.0 | 1.10 | 0.395 |
| 终末Final/cm | 133.8 | 131.3 | 133.8 | 131.2 | 1.05 | 0.713 |
| 增长率Growth rate/% | 4.57 | 4.21 | 3.48 | 4.97 | 0.307 | 0.356 |
| 胸围Chest circumference | ||||||
| 初始Initial/cm | 178.8 | 169.8 | 182.3 | 181.8 | 1.86 | 0.063 |
| 终末Final/cm | 169.2 | 190.0 | 200.8 | 195.6 | 1.59 | 0.141 |
| 增长率Growth rate/% | 9.85 | 11.13 | 10.18 | 7.65 | 0.694 | 0.411 |
| 腹围Abdominal circumference | ||||||
| 初始Initial/cm | 214.7 | 209.2 | 210.0 | 203.0 | 1.82 | 0.161 |
| 终末Final/cm | 235.2a | 237.3a | 231.3ab | 220.6b | 2.18 | 0.029 |
| 增长率Growth rate/% | 9.56 | 12.80 | 10.23 | 8.69 | 0.705 | 0.285 |
| 管围Circumference of cannon bone | ||||||
| 初始Initial/cm | 18.5 | 18.2 | 18.7 | 17.8 | 0.14 | 0.125 |
| 终末Final/cm | 19.3a | 18.5ab | 19.3a | 18.2b | 0.17 | 0.015 |
| 增长率Growth rate/% | 5.44 | 5.56 | 5.44 | 5.72 | 0.041 | 0.134 |
| 十字宽Cross width | ||||||
| 初始Initial/cm | 40.3 | 42.4 | 42.0 | 40.4 | 0.56 | 0.499 |
| 终末Final/cm | 46.3 | 47.3 | 46.2 | 45.4 | 0.57 | 0.800 |
| 增长率Growth rate/% | 17.89 | 13.31 | 11.00 | 14.30 | 1.342 | 0.303 |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 不同品种肉牛生长性能的比较
表3 不同品种肉牛生长性能的比较Table 3 Comparison of growth performance of different breeds of beef cattle |
| 项目 Items | 中国西门塔尔牛 Chinese Simmental cattle | 太行云牛 Taihang Yun cattle | 夏洛莱牛 Charolais cattle | 晋南牛 Jinnan cattle | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均干物质采食量ADMI/(kg/d) | 10.86 | 10.85 | 11.59 | 10.67 | 0.310 | 0.788 |
| 平均日增重ADG/(kg/d) | 1.48a | 1.49a | 1.44a | 1.19b | 0.448 | 0.049 |
| 料重比F/G | 7.32b | 7.13b | 8.20ab | 8.84a | 0.251 | 0.046 |
2.3 不同品种肉牛养分表观消化率的比较
表4 不同品种肉牛养分表观消化率的比较Table 4 Comparison of nutrient apparent digestibility of different breeds of beef cattle% |
| 项目 Items | 中国西门塔尔牛 Chinese Simmental cattle | 太行云牛 Taihang Yun cattle | 夏洛莱牛 Charolais cattle | 晋南牛 Jinnan cattle | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干物质DM | 57.47 | 58.50 | 57.14 | 54.94 | 0.819 | 0.622 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 52.39 | 55.35 | 54.62 | 53.18 | 0.958 | 0.739 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 44.95 | 46.60 | 44.52 | 41.68 | 1.102 | 0.603 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 36.09 | 36.89 | 33.81 | 31.92 | 1.221 | 0.587 |
| 钙Ca | 64.11 | 70.35 | 66.90 | 58.23 | 2.112 | 0.308 |
| 磷P | 39.94 | 42.52 | 44.71 | 36.59 | 1.517 | 0.355 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 61.56 | 62.89 | 61.88 | 59.80 | 0.735 | 0.655 |
2.4 不同品种肉牛血液生理生化指标的比较
表5 不同品种肉牛血常规指标的比较Table 5 Comparison of blood routine indices of different breeds of beef cattle |
| 项目 Items | 中国西门塔尔牛 Chinese Simmental cattle | 太行云牛 Taihang Yun cattle | 夏洛莱牛 Charolais cattle | 晋南牛 Jinnan cattle | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 白细胞数量WBC/(×109个/L) | 6.80bc | 9.56a | 6.30c | 9.01ab | 2.032 | 0.022 |
| 红细胞数量RBC/(×1012个/L) | 8.41 | 6.87 | 7.71 | 8.58 | 1.132 | 0.060 |
| 血红蛋白浓度HGB/(g/L) | 146.25 | 127.60 | 132.75 | 139.80 | 13.902 | 0.208 |
| 红细胞压积HCT/% | 45.73b | 40.70b | 44.28b | 52.94a | 6.351 | 0.006 |
| 平均红细胞体积MCV/fL | 54.58 | 59.44 | 57.83 | 65.15 | 6.168 | 0.087 |
| 平均血红蛋白含量MCH/pg | 17.45 | 18.60 | 17.35 | 17.03 | 1.284 | 0.275 |
| 平均血红蛋白浓度MCHC/(g/L) | 320.50a | 313.00a | 301.00a | 264.80b | 26.580 | <0.001 |
| 血小板数量PLT/(×109个/L) | 94.50b | 83.80b | 103.75b | 234.25a | 80.262 | 0.006 |
| 平均血小板体积MPV/fL | 9.23a | 10.62a | 10.25a | 7.44b | 1.613 | 0.001 |
| 血小板压积PCT/% | 0.10b | 0.10b | 0.13b | 0.19a | 0.043 | 0.015 |
表6 不同品种肉牛血浆生化指标的比较Table 6 Comparison of plasma biochemical indices of different breeds of beef cattle |
| 项目 Items | 中国西门塔尔牛 Chinese Simmental cattle | 太行云牛 Taihang Yun cattle | 夏洛莱牛 Charolais cattle | 晋南牛 Jinnan cattle | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 总蛋白TP/(g/L) | 72.94 | 75.52 | 73.75 | 71.59 | 3.990 | 0.532 |
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 34.73 | 36.32 | 32.25 | 32.84 | 2.280 | 0.051 |
| 球蛋白GLB/(g/L) | 38.20 | 39.20 | 41.50 | 38.75 | 3.705 | 0.719 |
| 总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L) | 3.19a | 1.97b | 3.00a | 2.16b | 0.640 | 0.007 |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.071 | 0.884 |
| 高密度脂蛋白HDL/(mmol/L) | 2.12a | 1.30b | 1.97a | 1.42b | 0.428 | 0.007 |
| 低密度脂蛋白LDL/(mmol/L) | 0.45 | 0.320 | 0.43 | 0.49 | 0.105 | 0.088 |
| 肌酐CREA/(μmol/L) | 166.15 | 161.21 | 159.98 | 142.79 | 17.698 | 0.134 |
| 尿素UREA/(mmol/L) | 2.10b | 1.76b | 2.35b | 3.46a | 0.896 | 0.001 |
| 葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) | 4.89b | 4.63b | 7.32a | 3.78b | 1.642 | 0.003 |
| 谷草转氨酶AST/(U/L) | 93.81 | 85.96 | 88.99 | 104.78 | 16.253 | 0.268 |
| 谷丙转氨酶ALT/(U/L) | 36.87 | 36.58 | 40.75 | 41.72 | 6.278 | 0.541 |
| 碱性磷酸酶ALP/(U/L) | 4.52a | 4.81a | 3.69ab | 2.31b | 1.291 | 0.045 |
| 酸性磷酸酶ACP/(U/L) | 1.68b | 2.07b | 1.32b | 3.42a | 1.163 | 0.005 |
2.5 不同品种肉牛血清免疫和抗氧化指标的比较
表7 不同品种肉牛血清免疫和抗氧化指标的比较Table 7 Comparison of serum immune and antioxidant indices of different breeds of beef cattle |
| 项目 Items | 中国西门塔尔牛 Chinese Simmental cattle | 太行云牛 Taihang Yun cattle | 夏洛莱牛 Charolais cattle | 晋南牛 Jinnan cattle | SEM | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA/(g/L) | 1.32b | 1.51b | 1.84a | 1.56ab | 0.231 | 0.032 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG/(g/L) | 18.73a | 19.00a | 19.88a | 14.84b | 2.912 | 0.009 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM/(g/L) | 1.25 | 1.19 | 1.44 | 1.16 | 0.220 | 0.317 |
| 溶菌酶LZM/(U/mL) | 248.38 | 232.10 | 182.68 | 225.59 | 42.401 | 0.274 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mL) | 86.68b | 105.96a | 84.24bc | 71.08c | 14.807 | <0.001 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 160.18ab | 170.15a | 146.60b | 148.65b | 14.063 | 0.049 |
| 过氧化氢酶CAT/(U/mL) | 50.57ab | 51.39a | 42.74b | 39.02c | 7.181 | 0.002 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 3.54ab | 3.11b | 3.07b | 4.12a | 0.670 | 0.004 |
