Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2025 , Vol. 37 >Issue 12: 8354 - 8361

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2025.681

RESEARCH PAPER

Comparative Study on Eggshell Strength and Ultrastructure of Green-Shelled and White-Shelled Eggs of Longyan Shanma Ducks

  • HUANG Min ,
  • LIU Changtao ,
  • TIAN Ruoning ,
  • MEI Huiling ,
  • CHEN Juan ,
  • ZHANG Yaping ,
  • MEI Jingliang ,
  • WU Xu , *
Expand
  • College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
* professor, E-mail:

Received date: 2025-06-11

  Online published: 2025-12-13

Fold

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the differences in ultrastructure between green-shelled and white-shelled eggs of Longyan Shanma ducks and analyze the correlation between eggshell ultrastructure and eggshell strength. A total of 200 green-shelled and 200 white-shelled eggs laid by 300-day-old Longyan Shanma ducks were selected to measure eggshell quality traits. Additionally, 12 eggshells from each group were observed for ultrastructural characteristics, and the mastoid gap and effective thickness were calculated. Results showed as follows: 1) the green-shelled eggs exhibited significantly higher egg weight and eggshell strength compared with the white-shelled eggs (P<0.05). 2) In terms of ultrastructure, the green-shelled eggshells displayed a smoother inner surface with densely and orderly distributed fibers, clear primary and secondary branches, and a three-dimensional fiber network structure. The outer surface was dense and flat, with fewer and shallower cracks, as well as fewer and smaller pores. The cross-section was generally flat, with compact fibers, smaller mastoid cones, tightly arranged mastoid units with minimal gaps, and a close connection between the mastoid layer and the shell membrane layer, resulting in an overall dense structure. Notably, the mastoid gap of green-shelled eggshells was significantly smaller than that of white-shelled eggshells (P<0.05), while the effective thickness was significantly larger (P<0.05). 3) For both green-shelled and white-shelled eggshells, the mastoid gap was significantly negatively correlated with eggshell strength (r=-0.781, r=-0.657, respectively; P<0.05), whereas the effective thickness was significantly positively correlated with eggshell strength (r=0.848, r=0.708, respectively; P<0.05). Additionally, the mastoid gap was significantly negatively correlated with the effective thickness (r=-0.593, r=-0.515, respectively; P<0.05). In conclusion, there are significant differences in the ultrastructure between the eggshells of green-shelled eggs and white-shelled eggs with similar thicknesses. The density of the eggshell ultrastructure plays an important role in eggshell strength, among which papillary gap and effective thickness are key factors affecting eggshell strength.

Key words： Longyan Shanma duck; green-shelled egg; white-shelled egg; ultrastructure; eggshell strength

Cite this article

HUANG Min , LIU Changtao , TIAN Ruoning , MEI Huiling , CHEN Juan , ZHANG Yaping , MEI Jingliang , WU Xu . Comparative Study on Eggshell Strength and Ultrastructure of Green-Shelled and White-Shelled Eggs of Longyan Shanma Ducks[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2025 , 37(12) : 8354 -8361 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2025.681

蛋壳是高度有序的矿化结构,可保护蛋内容物免受物理损伤和细菌污染,还能调节气体和水分的交换,并为胚胎骨骼的发育提供钙质[1-2]。蛋壳的颜色主要由蛋壳表面沉积的色素类型及其含量决定,市场上较为常见的鸭蛋可分为青壳蛋和白壳蛋,其中青壳蛋因其独特的蛋壳颜色而比白壳蛋更有市场,直接影响消费者的购买偏好[3-4]。青壳蛋的胆绿素及其与锌的螯合物含量高于白壳蛋,白壳蛋缺乏色素或色素含量很低[5]。蛋壳的超微结构从内到外可分为5层:壳膜层、乳突层、栅栏层、晶体层和角质层[6]。这种多层有序的结构使蛋壳同时具备优异的蛋壳强度和理想的厚度特性,因此其超微结构特征被广泛应用于蛋壳质量的评估中[7]。研究人员认为蛋壳的超微结构是影响蛋壳强度差异的重要因素,并进行了广泛而深入的研究[8-11]。龙岩山麻鸭是重要的蛋用型地方品种,具有商业价值,每年饲养2.5亿~3.0亿只,约占中国饲养蛋鸭的1/2,具有体型小、性早熟、产蛋量高、适应性强等特点,是全国十大优异畜禽种质资源之一[12-13]。目前龙岩山麻鸭蛋品质研究主要集中于常规指标的测定,其蛋壳超微结构的研究则鲜有报道。因此,本试验以龙岩山麻鸭为研究对象,通过比较青壳蛋和白壳蛋的蛋壳性状与超微结构,并分析性状间的关联性,以期揭示蛋壳颜色与蛋壳强度及超微结构之间的内在联系,为改善该品种蛋壳质量提供新的思路。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验动物与饲粮

动物试验方案已获得福建农林大学动物福利与使用伦理委员会的批准(批准编号:PZCASFAFU23011)。
本试验选用福建省龙岩市山麻鸭原种场养殖的300日龄龙岩山麻鸭所产青壳蛋和白壳蛋,采集蛋壳无明显破损的蛋各200枚作为样品。试验龙岩山麻鸭饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,参照《蛋鸭营养需要量》(GB/T 41189—2021)进行配制,其组成及营养水平见表1。
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) %

项目Items 含量Content
原料Ingredients
玉米Corn 52.00
豆粕Soybean meal 22.00
麸皮Bran 10.00
菜籽粕Rapeseed meal 3.00
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 2.69
石粉Limestone 8.85
食盐NaCl 0.30
赖氨酸Lys 1.02
DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met 0.10
预混料Premix1) 0.04
合计Total 100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels2)
代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) 10.50
粗蛋白质CP 16.32
钙Ca 3.62
总磷TP 0.53
赖氨酸Lys 0.83
蛋氨酸Met 0.41

1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 2 000 IU,VD3 3 700 IU,VE 12.00 mg,VK 0.55 mg,VB1 0.55 mg,VB2 1.2 mg,VB6 0.85 mg,VB12 0.004 mg,烟酰胺 nicotinamide 8 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 2 mg,生物素 biotin 0.025 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.25 mg,胆碱 choline 80 mg,Fe 12 mg,Cu 2.2 mg,Mn 16 mg,Zn 14.5 mg,I 0.27 mg,Se 0.08 mg。

2)代谢能为计算值,其他营养水平为实测值。ME was a calculated value,while the other nutrient levels were measured values.

饲粮代谢能(ME)计算参照《中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2022年第33版)》。饲粮中粗蛋白质(CP)、钙(Ca)和总磷(TP)含量的测定分别参照GB/T 6432—2018、GB/T 6436—2018和GB/T 6437—2018中方法,氨基酸含量的测定参照GB/T 18246—2019中方法。

1.2 指标测定

1.2.1 蛋壳质量常规测定

将收集的完好无损的龙岩山麻鸭青壳蛋和白壳蛋各200枚进行消毒和编号。用电子天平(使用精度为0.01 g,赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司)称量每个鸭蛋的重量。用数显游标卡尺(宁波得力工具有限公司)测量鸭蛋的纵径(纵轴长度)和横径(横轴长度),计算蛋形指数,计算公式如下:
蛋形指数=纵径/横径。
使用蛋壳强度测定仪(EFG-0503,日本Robotmation公司)测定蛋壳强度(ESS)。将蛋壳沿纵径方向均分为大顶、大区、赤道、小区、小顶,用螺旋测微器(东莞三量量具有限公司)测量每个部位的厚度,取5个部位厚度的平均值为蛋壳厚度(EST)。

1.2.2 蛋壳超微结构测定

在1.2.1蛋壳质量常规测定的基础上,分别选取蛋壳厚度相近的青壳蛋和白壳蛋各12枚,作为2种不同颜色蛋壳的试验组。逐个取样品蛋壳的赤道部位约为1 cm×1 cm的蛋壳,并做好标记,每个蛋壳样品分成3个小块作为每个蛋壳的测试材料。将每小块蛋壳样品按外表面、内表面和横截面的顺序粘于观测台上进行喷金。使用S3400N型扫描电子显微镜(日本日立高新技术有限公司)观察并选择合适的角度拍照保存。使用NanoMeasurer 1.2软件根据比例尺记录蛋壳乳突层厚度(MLT)和乳突间隙(MG)。其中乳突层厚度为相邻乳突底部交界处最低点到乳突结节顶点的距离,乳突间隙为2个相邻乳突结节顶点之间的距离。有效厚度(ET)不包括乳突层的蛋壳厚度,计算公式如下:
有效厚度=蛋壳总厚度-乳突层厚度。

1.3 数据统计与分析

本试验数据采用Excel 2018进行整理,使用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。组间比较采用独立样本t检验,结果均用“平均值±标准差”表示,P<0.05为差异显著;2种蛋壳性状间的相关性采用双变量Pearson相关分析,结果以相关系数(r)表示,P<0.05为显著相关。

2 结果与分析

2.1 青壳蛋和白壳蛋蛋壳质量性状的比较

由表2可知,青壳蛋在蛋重和蛋壳强度上显著高于白壳蛋(P<0.05);蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度在青壳蛋和白壳蛋间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。
表2 蛋壳质量性状测定结果

Table 2 Results of eggshell quality traits

项目Items 青壳蛋Green-shelled egg 白壳蛋White-shelled egg P值P-value
蛋重EW/g 73.29±5.63a 71.34±4.40b <0.001
蛋形指数ESI 1.33±0.06 1.33±0.06 0.941
蛋壳厚度EST/mm 0.36±0.00 0.36±0.00 0.360
蛋壳强度ESS/(kg/cm2) 4.10±0.61a 3.70±0.85b <0.001

同行数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。表3同。

In the same row, values with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as Table 3.

2.2 青壳蛋和白壳蛋蛋壳超微结构的比较

2.2.1 蛋壳内表面、外表面和横截面的超微结构

2种鸭蛋蛋壳内表面和外表面的超微结构见图1。由图可见,青壳蛋蛋壳内表面整体较平整,纤维密集且有序分布,主次分支清晰,整体纤维网结构立体感较强(图1-A1);白壳蛋蛋壳内表面纤维松散不聚集,主次分支不清晰,纤维间缝隙较多、较大且出现断裂,整体纤维网结构立体感较弱(图1-A2)。青壳蛋蛋壳外表面致密平整,皲裂较少且短,裂纹深度也较浅,分布的气孔较少,孔径较小(图1-B1);白壳蛋蛋壳外表面凹凸不平,皲裂较多,裂纹较深,裂纹间形成了明显的网状结构,分布的气孔较多且大(图1-B2)。青壳蛋蛋壳横截面整体比较平整,纤维密集紧凑,乳突椎体较小,乳突单元排列紧密且几乎没有缝隙,乳突层与壳膜层连接紧密,整体结构致密(图1-C1);白壳蛋蛋壳横截面平整性相对较差,纤维更疏松凌乱,乳突椎体大小不一,乳突单元间排列不整齐,乳突间隙有所增大,乳突层与壳膜层联系不紧密,整体结构致密性较差(图1-C2)。
图1 蛋壳内表面、外表面和横断面电镜图

A1:绿壳蛋蛋壳内表面;A2:白壳蛋蛋壳内表面;B1:绿壳蛋蛋壳外表面;B2:白壳蛋蛋壳外表面;C1:绿壳蛋蛋壳横截面;C2:白壳蛋蛋壳横截面。

Fig.1 Electron microscope images of inner surface, outer surface and cross section of eggshells (200×)

A1: inner surface of green-shelled eggshell; A2: inner surface of white-shelled eggshell; B1: outer surface of green-shelled eggshell; B2: outer surface of white-shelled eggshell; C1: cross section of green-shelled eggshell; C2: cross section of white-shelled eggshell.

综合观察青壳蛋和白壳蛋蛋壳内表面、外表面及横截面超微结构特征,青壳蛋具有更致密有序的纤维网状结构和更完整平滑的表面形态以及更紧密的乳突层与壳膜层连接,这可能是其蛋壳强度优于白壳蛋的重要结构基础。

2.2.2 蛋壳乳突层顶部、栅栏层和晶体层的超微结构

蛋壳乳突层顶部、栅栏层和晶体层的电镜扫描结果见图2。青壳蛋蛋壳乳突层顶部的乳突结节质地均匀致密,与纤维层结合紧密,乳突椎体大小均一,乳突间隙较小(图2-A1);白壳蛋蛋壳乳突层顶部的乳突结节大小不一,表观呈现为不规则状态,质地粗糙疏松,与纤维结合不够紧密,乳突锥体较大,排列整齐性较差,乳突间隙有所加大(图2-A2)。2种蛋壳的栅栏层表观均呈现相对杂碎的外观,进一步观察可见青壳蛋蛋壳栅栏层内部晶体结构质地致密,晶体间分布的孔隙相对较少(图2-B1);白壳蛋蛋壳栅栏层致密性较差,大块晶体上分布较多小气孔,晶体间孔隙也较多,有的孔隙更大一些(图2-B2)。
图2 蛋壳乳突层顶部、栅栏层和晶体层电镜图

A1:绿壳蛋蛋壳乳突层顶部(2 000×);A2:白壳蛋蛋壳乳突层顶部(2 000×);B1:绿壳蛋蛋壳栅栏层(3 000×);B2:白壳蛋蛋壳栅栏层(3 000×);C1:绿壳蛋蛋壳晶体层(3 000×);C2:白壳蛋蛋壳晶体层(3 000×)。

Fig. 2 Electron microscope images of top of mastoid layer, palisade layer and crystal layer of eggshells

A1: top of mastoid layer of green-shelled eggshell (2 000×); A2: top of mastoid layer of white-shelled eggshell (2 000×); B1: palisade layer of green-shelled eggshell (3 000×); B2: palisade layer of white-shelled eggshell (3 000×); C1: crystal layer of green-shelled eggshell (3 000×); C2: crystal layer of white-shelled eggshell (3 000×).

青壳蛋蛋壳晶体层平整性较好,晶体间排列紧密,大部分晶体生长方向与蛋壳表面垂直,晶体内部几乎没有孔隙产生,晶格棱角分明形成规则有序的外观(图2-C1);白壳蛋蛋壳晶体层平整性较差,晶体间排列不规则不紧密且更加疏松,仅少部分晶体生长方向与蛋壳表面垂直,晶体内部空隙多见且较大,晶格棱角很不分明,整体上呈现出较为杂乱的表观,与栅栏层之间的连接更不紧密(图2-C2)。
通过对青壳蛋和白壳蛋蛋壳超微结构量化统计分析(表3)可知,青壳蛋蛋壳乳突间隙显著低于白壳蛋蛋壳(P<0.05),有效厚度显著高于白壳蛋蛋壳(P<0.05)。
表3 2种蛋壳超微结构的比较

Table 3 Comparison of ultrastructure of two eggshells μm

项目Items 青壳蛋Green-shelled egg 白壳蛋White-shelled egg P值P-value
乳突间隙MG 52.39±13.70b 61.48±12.48a <0.001
有效厚度ET 288.97±18.95a 266.41±24.07b <0.001
综合观察青壳蛋与白壳蛋蛋壳乳突层、栅栏层和晶体层的超微结构特征及量化统计结果,青壳蛋具有更致密均匀的乳突结节、更紧密的栅栏层晶体排列以及更规则有序的晶体层结构,这种多层次的结构优势可能是导致其乳突间隙显著减小和有效厚度显著增加的内在原因。

2.3 蛋壳质量性状相关性分析

龙岩山麻鸭蛋壳质量性状相关性分析结果如表4所示。2种蛋壳的乳突间隙与蛋壳强度均呈显著负相关(P<0.05),其相关系数分别为-0.781和-0.657,这表明乳突间隙与蛋壳强度存在关联性,乳突间隙越小,其蛋壳强度就越大;2种蛋壳的有效厚度与蛋壳强度均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),其相关系数分别为0.848和0.708,这表明有效厚度是影响蛋壳强度的重要因素;2种蛋壳的乳突间隙与有效厚度均呈显著负相关(P<0.05),其相关系数分别为-0.593和-0.515,说明乳突间隙与有效厚度在一定程度上存在相互影响的关系。以上结果表明,青壳蛋和白壳蛋是通过乳突间隙与有效厚度影响到蛋壳的超微结构,进而影响到蛋壳强度。
表4 蛋壳质量性状相关性分析结果

Table 4 Results of correlation analysis of eggshell quality traits

种类
Types		 性状
Traits		 统计量
Statistics		 蛋壳强度
ESS		 乳突间隙
MG		 有效厚度
ET

青壳蛋
Green-shelled egg		 蛋壳强度
ESS		 r
P		 1.000 -0.781**
<0.001		 0.848**
<0.001
乳突间隙
MG		 r
P		 1.000 -0.593**
<0.001
有效厚度
ET		 r
P		 1.000

白壳蛋
White-shelled egg		 蛋壳强度
ESS		 r
P		 1.000 -0.657**
<0.001		 0.708**
<0.001
乳突间隙
MG		 r
P		 1.000 -0.515**
<0.001
有效厚度
ET		 r
P		 1.000

r:相关系数;P:P值。“**”表示显著相关(P<0.05)。

r: correlation coefficient; P: P-value. “**” indicated significant correlation (P<0.05).

3 讨论

蛋壳强度作为禽蛋生产中的关键经济性状,其提升可有效改善储运加工性能并降低损耗,同时为高蛋壳强度品系选育提供重要依据[14-16]。崔红艳等[17]对雷州黑鸭青壳与白壳蛋的蛋壳性状的研究表明,青壳蛋的蛋重和蛋壳强度均大于白壳蛋,这与本研究结果一致,说明蛋壳颜色可能与蛋壳品质之间存在显著关联性。本试验为了探究龙岩山麻鸭青壳蛋和白壳蛋不同蛋壳颜色对蛋壳强度的影响,通过进一步研究蛋壳的超微结构变化,分析导致其蛋壳强度不同的重要因素。有研究者研究发现,番鸭所产的青壳蛋与白壳蛋不仅在蛋壳外观色泽上存在显著差异,其蛋壳超微结构亦表现出明显不同[18],这与本研究结果类似,说明不同颜色蛋壳的超微结构确实存在一定的差异性。
本试验结果表明,龙岩山麻鸭青壳蛋较白壳蛋具有更优的蛋壳超微结构特征,同时观察到青壳蛋的蛋壳外表面更均匀平整,白壳蛋的裂隙更多更深且气孔数量更多。现有研究证实,蛋壳外表面孔隙的密度和孔径分布会显著影响其力学强度、微生物屏障功能和气体交换效率[2,19]。龙岩山麻鸭青壳蛋与白壳蛋的内表面超微结构比较表明,青壳蛋壳膜层更为平整紧密,纤维较粗;而白壳蛋壳膜纤维分布较为凌乱,粗纤维数量较少。作为蛋壳最内层结构,壳膜直接与蛋清接触,其厚度和纤维粗细与蛋壳强度密切相关,研究表明,增厚的壳膜和增粗的纤维可显著提高蛋壳耐压强度[20]。因此,青壳蛋壳膜因其更为致密的结构特征,具有更高的蛋壳强度。乳突层作为壳膜外层结构,其形态特征显著影响蛋壳力学性能[21-23]。研究表明,乳突层作为壳膜蛋白纤维钙化的初始位点,其与壳膜纤维及其他乳突的排列方式对蛋壳各层结构的形成具有关键调控作用[8]。栅栏层和晶体层作为蛋壳的主体结构,是决定其蛋壳的厚度、强度和韧性等物理性能的关键因素[24-25]。在本研究中,与白壳蛋相比,青壳蛋乳突层顶部结构更为致密,表现为乳突锥体排列紧密且间隙较小,栅栏层和晶体层排列相对有序。此外,青壳蛋的横截面相较于白壳蛋而言排列更加平整和致密,这表明碳酸钙晶体的生长方向和排列顺序以及晶体之间的间隙,都会对不同颜色蛋壳的蛋壳强度造成较大的影响。Rodriguez-Navarro等[26]研究证实,蛋壳强度与晶体结构存在显著相关性,晶体取向度的差异可解释约40%的蛋壳强度变异。蛋壳的致密性是决定蛋壳质量的关键因素,其超微结构特点可直观反映其致密程度[27]。在本试验中,青壳蛋的乳突间隙显著低于白壳蛋,而有效厚度显著高于白壳蛋,这是青壳蛋的蛋壳强度较白壳蛋增加的重要原因,该蛋壳强度与超微结构的变化规律与章世元等[22]的研究结果一致。此外,本研究对蛋壳超微结构性状相关性分析发现,青壳蛋和白壳蛋的乳突间隙与蛋壳强度均呈显著负相关,蛋壳强度与有效厚度均呈显著正相关,这与王蕾等[28]和梅慧灵等[29]的研究结果一致,进一步证实蛋壳致密度对蛋壳强度的重要影响,表明乳突间隙和有效厚度是决定蛋壳强度的关键结构因素。本研究表明,蛋壳超微结构特征相较于整体厚度而言,在蛋壳强度差异形成中起着更为关键的作用。本研究发现青壳蛋的蛋壳强度显著高于白壳蛋,这与梁素芸[30]在鸭蛋中的结论类似,但强度差异存在品种差异,因此,龙岩山麻鸭蛋壳颜色与强度的关联机制仍需进一步研究。

4 结论

① 龙岩山麻鸭青壳蛋的蛋壳强度显著高于白壳蛋。
② 厚度相似的2种蛋壳其超微结构存在显著差异,其中青壳蛋蛋壳的乳突间隙显著低于白壳蛋,有效厚度显著高于白壳蛋。
③ 2种蛋壳的乳突间隙与蛋壳强度均呈显著负相关,有效厚度与蛋壳强度呈显著正相关,二者通过影响蛋壳超微结构进而决定蛋壳强度,是影响蛋壳强度的主要因素。

References

Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within
[1]
HINCKE M T, NYS Y, GAUTRON J, et al. The eggshell:structure,composition and mineralization[J]. Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition), 2012, 17(4):1266-1280.

[2]
GAUTRON J, STAPANE L, LE R N, et al. Avian eggshell biomineralization:an update on its structure,mineralogy and protein tool kit[J]. Bmc Molecular and Cell Biology, 2021, 22(1):11.

DOI

[3]
任佳. 基于GWAS和TWAS筛选鸭蛋壳颜色性状的顺式调控突变位点[D]. 硕士学位论文. 雅安: 四川农业大学, 2024.

REN J. Screening of cis regulatory mutations induck eggshell color traits based on GWAS and TWAS[D]. Master’s Thesis. Ya’an: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2024. (in Chinese)

[4]
王珑欣, 于思梦, 鲁美希, 等. ABCG2基因不同基因型对蛋鸭蛋壳颜色、蛋品质和产蛋性能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(4):1671-1680.

DOI

WANG L X, YU S M, LU M X, et al. Effects of different genotypes of ABCG 2 gene on eggshell color,egg quality and laying performance of laying ducks[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(4):1671-1680. (in Chinese)

[5]
ZHAO R, XU G Y, LIU Z Z, et al. A study on eggshell pigmentation:biliverdin in blue-shelled chickens[J]. Poultry Science, 2006, 85(3):546-549.

DOI

[6]
PARK J A, SOHN S H. The influence of hen aging on eggshell ultrastructure and shell mineral components[J]. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources, 2018, 38(5):1080-1091.

DOI

[7]
黄玥琦, 岳稳, 潘浩哲, 等. 蒙脱石复配物对龙岩山麻鸭高产系产蛋性能、蛋品质、生殖器官指数、血清抗氧化和肠道通透性指标及蛋壳超微结构的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2024, 36(10):6372-6387.

DOI

HUANG Y Q, YUE W, PAN H Z, et al. Effects of montmorillonite complex on laying performance,egg quality,reproductive organ indexes,serum antioxidant and intestinal permeability indexes and eggshell ultrastructure of high-yield Longyan Shan-Ma ducks[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2024, 36(10):6372-6387. (in Chinese)

DOI

[8]
张亚男, 金永燕, 庄智威, 等. 鸡蛋与鸭蛋的蛋壳力学特性、超微结构及蛋壳组分的比较[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(24):4957-4968.

DOI

ZHANG Y N, JIN Y Y, ZHUANG Z W, et al. Comparison of shell mechanical property,ultrastructure and component between chicken and duck eggs[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(24):4957-4968. (in Chinese)

[9]
唐徐华, 林君, 杨海明, 等. 不同家禽蛋壳结构及其成分研究[J]. 福建农业学报, 2022, 37(2):156-163.

TANG X H, LIN J, YANG H M, et al. Shell structure and composition of poultry eggs[J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 37(2):156-163. (in Chinese)

[10]
CHIEN Y C, HINCKE M T, MCKEE M D. Ultrastructure of avian eggshell during resorption following egg fertilization[J]. Journal of Structural Biology, 2009, 168(3):527-538.

DOI PMID

[11]
RODRIGUEZ-NAVARRO A B. Rapid quantification of avian eggshell microstructure and crystallographic-texture using two-dimensional X-ray diffraction[J]. British Poultry Science, 2007, 48(2):133-144.

DOI

[12]
SUN Y F, WU Q, LIN R L, et al. Genome-wide association study for the primary feather color trait in a native Chinese duck[J]. Frontiers in Genetics, 2023, 14:1065033.

DOI

[13]
朱志明, 韦丽金, 周世业, 等. 不同蛋鸭品种(品系)蛋品质测定与分析[J]. 中国家禽, 2023, 45(2):111-116.

ZHU Z M, WEI L J, ZHOU S Y, et al. Determination and analysis of egg quality of different breeds/lines of laying duck[J]. China Poultry, 2023, 45(2):111-116. (in Chinese)

[14]
WANG L X, LIU H H, YU S M, et al. Transcriptome-based analysis reveals relationship between duck eggshell color and eggshell strength[J]. BMC Genomics, 2025, 26(1):410.

DOI PMID

[15]
HAN G P, KIM J H, KIM J M, et al. Transcriptomic analysis of the liver in aged laying hens with different eggshell strength[J]. Poultry Science, 2023, 102(1):102217.

DOI

[16]
DE KETELAERE B, CORION M, ADRIAENS I, et al. Non-destructive eggshell strength assessment using hertz contact theory part Ⅰ:theory and applicability[J]. Foods, 2023, 12(6):1189.

DOI

[17]
崔红艳, 黄汉光, 黄骏腾, 等. 雷州黑鸭青壳与白壳蛋蛋品质比较分析[J]. 中国家禽, 2017, 39(3):68-70.

CUI H Y, HUANG H G, HUANG J T, et al. Comparative analysis of egg quality between green shell and white shell of Leizhou black ducks[J]. China Poultry, 2017, 39(3):68-70. (in Chinese)

[18]
连森阳, 王光瑛, 吴旭, 等. 番鸭蛋壳性状对孵化效果的影响[J]. 福建农林大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 39(6):600-603.

LIAN S Y, WANG G Y, WU X, et al. Effects of eggshell traits of hatching eggs of muscovy duck on the hatchability[J]. Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Natural Science Edition), 2010, 39(6):600-603. (in Chinese)

[19]
万秋蓓, 杨海明, 周卫东, 等. 鸡蛋壳的超微结构研究[J]. 中国家禽, 2006, 28(22):12-14.

WAN Q B, YANG H M, ZHOU W D, et al. Investigation on the ultrastructure of fowl eggshell[J]. China Poultry, 2006, 28(22):12-14. (in Chinese)

[20]
SAMIULLAH S, ROBERTS J R, CHOUSALKAR K. Eggshell color in brown-egg laying hens—a review[J]. Poultry Science, 2015, 94(10):2566-2575.

DOI

[21]
佘德伟. 卵壳的超微结构特征[J]. 动物学报, 1995(3):243-255,345-347.

SHE D W. A study of eggshells with scanning electron microscope[J]. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 1995(3):243-255,345-347. (in Chinese)

[22]
朱茜. 五华鸡蛋壳厚度对孵化率的影响研究[D]. 硕士学位论文. 合肥: 安徽农业大学, 2024.

ZHU X. Study on the influence of shell thickness on hatchability of Wuhua chicken[D]. Master’s Thesis. Hefei: Anhui Agricultural University, 2024. (in Chinese)

[23]
MACLEOD N, BAIN M M, HANCOCK J W. The mechanics and mechanisms of failure of hens’eggs[J]. International Journal of Fracture, 2006, 142(1):29-41.

DOI

[24]
王佩伦. 不同周龄及不同品质鸡蛋壳的化学组分和物理结构[D]. 硕士学位论文. 杭州: 浙江农林大学, 2012.

WANG P L. Chemical composition and physical structure of eggshells with distinct eggshell quality or from various aging hens[D]. Master’s Thesis. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, 2012. (in Chinese)

[25]
FATHI M M, ZEIN EL-DEIN A, EL-SAFTY S A, et al. Using scanning electron microscopy to detect the ultrastructural variations in eggshell quality of Fayoumi and Dandarawi chicken breeds[J]. International Journal of Poultry Science, 2007, 6(4):236-241.

DOI

[26]
RODRIGUEZ-NAVARRO A, KALIN O, NYS Y, et al. Influence of the microstructure on the shell strength of eggs laid by hens of different ages[J]. British Poultry Science, 2002, 43(3):395-403.

DOI

[27]
CHEN R C, JIANG C Y, LI X Z, et al. Research on Chinese consumers’shell egg consumption preferences and the egg quality of functional eggs[J]. Poultry Science, 2023, 102(10):103007.

DOI

[28]
王蕾, 赵邦哲, 张迎燕, 等. 龙岩山麻鸭蛋壳质量与元素组成、基质含量和超微结构关系的研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2024, 36(3):1665-1673.

DOI

WANG L, ZHAO B Z, ZHANG Y Y, et al. Study of relationships between eggshell quality and elementary composition,matrix content and ultrastructure of Longyan Shanma ducks[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2024, 36(3):1665-1673. (in Chinese)

DOI

[29]
梅慧灵, 郑定黔, 赵邦哲, 等. 番鸭不同质地蛋壳超微结构及其与蛋壳强度的关联分析[J]. 动物营养学报, 2024, 36(2):1350-1360.

DOI

MEI H L, ZHENG D Q, ZHAO B Z, et al. Ultrastructure of eggshells with different textures in muscovy ducks and its correlation with eggshell strength[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2024, 36(2):1350-1360. (in Chinese)

DOI

[30]
梁素芸. 鸭蛋壳颜色与强度的关系及其候选基因分析研究[D]. 硕士学位论文. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2017.

LIANG S Y. Study on the relationship between egg-shell color and its strength and analysis of its candidate genes[D]. Master’s Thesis. Beijing: The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2017. (in Chinese)

Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉

京ICP备17050989号-2
Copyright © Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, All Rights Reserved.
Tel: 010－62817823　E-mail: cjan@vip.163.com
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co., Ltd.