Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2026 , Vol. 38 >Issue 2: 1015 - 1024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2026.081

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Scutellaria Flavonoids on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Yellow-Feathered Broilers

  • WANG Yibing ,
  • NIU Kaiyuan * ,
  • HASSAN Mubashar ,
  • WANG Qin ,
  • JIANG Shouqun , **
Expand
  • Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
** professor, E-mail:

* Contributed equally

Received date: 2025-07-22

  Online published: 2026-02-12

Fold

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Scutellaria flavonoids (SF) on growth performance, meat quality and antioxidant capacity of broilers yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 320 one-day-old yellow-feathered male broilers (fast-growing) with similar body weight were randomly allocated into four groups, with 8 replicates per group and 10 birds per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 150 (SF150 group), 300 (SF300 group), and 450 mg/kg (SF450 group) of SF, respectively. The trial lasted for 50 days. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 300 and 450 mg/kg of SF significantly reduced the feed-to-gain ratio (P<0.05); the pH of the breast muscle at 24 hours postmortem was significantly increased in all experimental groups (P<0.05), and the redness (a*) value was significantly increased in the SF450 group (P<0.05); the content of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) in the SF450 group and the activity of plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the SF150 and SF300 groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05); the breast muscle total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the SF300 and SF450 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the activity of breast muscle total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) was also significantly increased in the SF300 group (P<0.05); the mRNA relative expression levels of liver nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were significantly increased in the SF300 group (P<0.05), while the mRNA relative expression level of liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was significantly increased in the SF300 and SF450 groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 300 mg/kg SF can significantly enhance the feed utilization efficiency and improve the antioxidant capacity of yellow-feathered broilers, thereby ameliorating meat quality, and these effects may be attributed to the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Key words： Scutellaria flavonoids; yellow-feathered broilers; growth performance; antioxidant capacity; meat quality

Cite this article

WANG Yibing , NIU Kaiyuan , HASSAN Mubashar , WANG Qin , JIANG Shouqun . Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Scutellaria Flavonoids on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Yellow-Feathered Broilers[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2026 , 38(2) : 1015 -1024 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2026.081

氧化应激是体内氧化与抗氧化作用失衡的一种状态,由于机体内自由基过量产生,无法被机体清除,从而引起细胞氧化还原平衡紊乱[1]。在当前肉鸡集约化养殖条件下,高温、高密度养殖及饲料霉变、营养不均等各种原因导致肉鸡氧化应激频发。过度的氧化应激会对肉鸡健康产生负面影响,导致组织脏器受损、生长性能下降[2-3]。同时,氧化应激还会对畜禽肉产品的品质产生不良影响,导致肌肉酸化,产生木质肉和白色条纹肉等[4],从而影响其感官属性和营养价值。
当前无抗大环境下,畜牧业亟需抗生素替代技术突破,开发利用新型生物活性添加剂,提升动物机体健康、改善产品品质,对畜禽的健康养殖至关重要。黄芩黄酮(Scutellaria flavonoids,SF)是从黄芩根中提取的黄酮类化合物总称,包括黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素和千层纸素等,其分子核心结构由2个苯环和1个含氧杂环组成,且具有酚羟基,有较强的抗氧化活性[5]。据报道,黄芩黄酮可激活核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)/血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)信号通路,促进线粒体动力学平衡,从而减轻白来航鸡脾细胞凋亡[6];在Xu等[7]研究中,黄芩黄酮可通过抑制氧化损伤和炎症反应来缓解玉米赤霉烯酮诱导的雏鸡肝肾损伤。此外,饲粮中添加富含黄芩苷的复合植物提取物,可显著提升35日龄黄羽肉鸡血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性,改善肠道形态结构,有效缓解产气荚膜梭菌感染带来的负面影响[8]。目前国内外研究主要集中在黄芩黄酮的抗氧化与抗炎机制方面,然而关于其在肉鸡生产中改善肉品质的具体效应及作用机制尚待深入探讨。为此,本研究通过在饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮,系统评价其对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响,以期为黄芩黄酮在畜禽绿色高效养殖中的开发应用提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

本试验所用黄芩黄酮购自于诸城市浩天药业有限公司,有效成分含量≥40%,其余成分为玉米芯粉载体。

1.2 试验设计

本试验经中国广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所动物伦理委员会审核批准,批准文号为GAASIAS-2024-062。选用320只初始体重相近的1日龄黄羽肉公鸡(广东智威优质鸡畜牧有限公司),随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,SF150、SF300、SF450组分别在基础饲粮中添加150、300和450 mg/kg的黄芩黄酮。试验期50 d。

1.3 试验饲粮

参考《黄羽肉鸡营养需要量》(NY/T 3645—2020)[9]分3个阶段配制基础饲粮,其组成及营养水平见表1。试验饲粮的配制是将黄芩黄酮按照试验设计的添加量等重量替代预混料中的沸石粉。饲粮中粗蛋白质、钙和总磷含量分别参考GB/T 6432—2018、GB/T 6436—2018和GB/T 6437—2018方法测定,代谢能、氨基酸和非植酸磷根据《黄羽肉鸡营养需要量》(NY/T 3645—2020)[9]中数据计算得出。
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis) %

项目
Items		 含量Content
1~21日龄
1 to 21 days of age		 22~42日龄
22 to 42 days of age		 43~50日龄
43 to 50 days of age
原料Ingredients
玉米Corn 48.00 51.00 52.50
豆粕Soybean meal 22.80 14.50 11.20
小麦Wheat 8.00 9.00 10.00
豆油Soybean oil 3.00 4.00 4.50
葵花粕Sunflower meal 10.00 13.00 13.00
玉米蛋白粉Corn gluten meal 2.50 3.00 4.00
石粉Limestone 1.10 1.00 1.10
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 2.30 2.10 1.70
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-lysine·HCl (78%) 0.50 0.60 0.40
DL-蛋氨酸DL-methionine (99%) 0.30 0.30 0.20
L-苏氨酸L-threonine (99%) 0.20 0.20 0.10
食盐NaCl 0.30 0.30 0.30
预混料Premix1) 1.00 1.00 1.00
合计Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels2)
代谢能Metabolic energy/(MJ/kg) 11.93 12.34 12.56
粗蛋白质Crude protein 21.32 19.57 18.26
钙Calcium 1.02 0.95 0.85
总磷Total phosphorus 0.85 0.78 0.74
非植酸磷Non-phytate phosphorus 0.47 0.46 0.39
赖氨酸Lysine 1.31 1.21 0.98
赖氨酸+胱氨酸Methionine+cystine 0.98 0.93 0.83

1)预混料可每千克饲粮提供 Premix provides the following per kilogram of diets:1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age, VA 12 000 IU,VD3 600 IU,VE 45 IU,VK 2.5 mg,VB1 2.4 mg,VB2 5 mg,VB6 2.8 mg,VB12 16 μg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 12 mg,烟酸 niacin 42 mg,生物素biotin 0.12 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 1 300 mg,Fe 80 mg,Cu 7 mg,Mn 80 mg,Zn 85 mg,Se 0.15 mg,I 0.7 mg;22~42日龄22 to 42 days of age,VA 9 000 IU,VD3 600 IU,VE 45 IU,VK 2.5 mg,VB1 2.4 mg,VB2 5.0 mg,VB6 2.8 mg,VB12 16 μg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 12 mg,烟酸 niacin 42 mg,生物素 biotin 0.12 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 1 000 mg,Fe 80 mg,Cu 7 mg,Mn 80 mg,Zn 80 mg,Se 0.15 mg,I 0.7 mg;43~50日龄 43 to 50 days of age,VA 6 000 IU,VD3 500 IU,VE 25 IU,VK 1.7 mg,VB1 1.0 mg,VB2 4.0 mg,VB6 0.6 mg,VB12 8 μg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 8.0 mg,烟酸 niacin 20 mg,生物素 biotin 0.02 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 750 mg,Fe 80 mg,Cu 7 mg,Mn 80 mg,Zn 75 mg,Se 0.15 mg,I 0.5 mg。

2)粗蛋白质、钙和总磷含量为实测值,其余为计算值。Crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus are measured values, while the others are calculated values.

1.4 饲养管理

饲养试验于广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所动物营养与饲料研究试验场开展。各组饲养管理和环境条件一致,试验鸡采用地面平养,地面铺放谷壳,自由采食和饮水。试验期间按照常规操作程序和免疫程序进行饲养和免疫。

1.5 样品采集

试验结束时,从每个重复中选取接近平均体重的试验鸡1只,使用含肝素钠的抗凝采血管通过鸡翅下静脉采集血液,经1 000×g离心10 min,取上清得到血浆,于-80 ℃保存待测。之后采用颈静脉放血法处死试验鸡,剖取两侧胸肌,用于测定宰后45 min和24 h的肉品质指标;剪取适量肝脏和胸肌样品,于-80 ℃保存待测。

1.6 指标测定

1.6.1 生长性能

分别在试验的第1天和最后1天以重复为单位记录试验鸡的体重,每周统计耗料量,以计算试验期间(1~50日龄阶段)试验鸡的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比。每天检查鸡只是否有死亡,计算各组试验鸡的存活率。

1.6.2 肉品质测定

各项肉品质指标的详细测定方法参考本团队已发表文献[10]。取左侧胸肌,使用便携式pH计(Testo-205,深圳市吉格机电设备有限公司)测定宰后45 min、24 h的pH;使用色差仪(CR-410型,美能达公司,日本)测定宰后45 min、24 h肉色亮度(L*)、红度(a*)和黄度(b*)值;使用质构仪(Instron 4411型,英斯特朗公司,美国)测定宰后24 h剪切力。剪取10 g左右长条状的右侧胸肌,使用电子天平(BSA423S,Sartorius,德国)称重,悬挂于塑封袋中置于4 ℃密封保存,并于24 h后再次称重,按照以下公式计算出滴水损失:
滴水损失(%)=[(初始肌肉重量-24 h后肌肉重量)/初始肌肉重量]×100。

1.6.3 血浆与肌肉生化指标测定

肌肉10%匀浆液的制备和总蛋白含量的测定参考文献[11]的方法。使用多功能酶标仪(SYNERGYH1,BioTek,美国)与南京建成生物工程研究所商业试剂盒测定血浆乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及肌肉总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性。

1.6.4 肝脏中抗氧化相关基因相对表达量检测

使用TRIzol试剂(RN0102,艾德莱生物科技有限公司)提取肝脏总RNA。提取的RNA使用cDNA反转录试剂盒(RR047,TaKaRa,日本)反转录为cDNA。利用NCBI基因组数据库中相应基因组序列信息,使用Primer-BLAST工具设计与合成目标序列的引物。PCR反应体系(20 μL):SYBR Premix Ex Taq Ⅱ(RR820A,TaKaRa)10 μL,上、下游引物各0.4 μL,cDNA模板4 μL,ddH2O 5.2 μL。反应程序:95 ℃预变性30 s;95 ℃变性15 s,退火温度条件下退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,变性至延伸步骤重复进行40个循环。以β-肌动蛋白(β-actin)为内参基因,采用2-ΔΔCt法计算目的基因的mRNA相对表达量。所使用的引物序列如表2所示。
表2 引物序列

Table 2 Primer sequences

基因
Genes		 GenBank登录号
GenBank accession No.		 引物序列
Primer sequences (5'—3')		 产物大小
Product size/bp
β-肌动蛋白β-actin NM_001001611.2 F:GAGAAATTGTGCGTGACATCA
R:CCTGAACCTCTCATTGCCA		 152
硫氧还蛋白2 Trx2 NM_001122691.3 F:GGGACTTGGTGGAACTTGTGT
R:GTGTCCCCAGTTCAGGGATT		 190
核因子E2相关因子2 Nrf2 XM_046921121.1 F:GGCCACCCTAAAGCTCCATT
R:GGCTTCACTGAACTGCTCCT		 177
血红素加氧酶-1 HO-1 NM_205344.2 F:CGGAACTCCTGAAGGAAGCC
R:CCGTGACCAGCTTGAACTCG		 114
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px NM_001277853.3 F:AAGTGCCAGGTGAACGGGAAGG
R:AGGGCTGTAGCGGCGAAAG		 204
超氧化物歧化酶SOD NM_205064.2 F:TGACCTCGGCAATGTGACTG
R:CATGGTACGGCCAATGATGC		 103

1.7 数据统计分析

采用SPSS 27.0.1软件对试验数据进行单因素方差分析,差异显著者使用Tukey法进行组间多重比较,以P<0.05为差异显著。对于差异显著的生长性能指标,使用多项式拟合回归分析对饲粮中黄芩黄酮添加水平的线性和二次效应进行评价。试验结果均用平均值和均值标准误(SEM)表示。

2 结果与分析

2.1 饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响

如表3所示,与对照组相比,饲粮中添加300和450 mg/kg黄芩黄酮显著降低料重比(P<0.05)。以料重比为评价指标,采用二次回归模型对黄芩黄酮添加水平的影响进行分析,得到的二次回归方程为:Y=0.000 000 809X2-0.000 500X+1.920,P=0.007,R2 =0.326(Y:料重比;X:黄芩黄酮添加水平),通过回归方程得到饲粮中黄芩黄酮最适添加水平为309 mg/kg。各添加黄芩黄酮组试验鸡的末重和平均日增重均高于对照组,但差异未达显著水平(P>0.05)。
表3 饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响

Table 3 Effects of dietary supplementation with Scutellaria flavonoids on growth performance of yellow-feathered broilers

项目
Items		 组别Groups SEM P值P-value
对照Control SF150 SF300 SF450 方差分析
ANOVA		 线性
Linear		 二次
Quadratic
初重IBW/g 44.45 44.44 44.45 44.45 0.011 0.995
末重FBW/g 1 638.75 1 657.29 1 675.00 1 656.67 15.532 0.372
平均日增重ADG/g 31.89 32.26 32.61 32.24 0.308 0.372
平均日采食量ADFI/g 60.81 60.51 60.06 60.35 0.614 0.640
料重比F/G 1.91a 1.88ab 1.84b 1.87b 0.021 0.017 0.017 0.007
存活率SR/% 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 0.000 1.000

同行数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。

Values with different letter superscripts in the same row indicate significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts indicate no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below.

2.2 饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮对黄羽肉鸡肉品质的影响

如表4所示,与对照组相比,各添加黄芩黄酮组宰后24 h胸肌pH均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);饲粮中添加450 mg/kg黄芩黄酮显著提高了宰后24 h胸肌的a*值(P<0.05);饲粮中添加不同水平黄芩黄酮对所测的胸肌其余肉品质指标未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。
表4 饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮对黄羽肉鸡肉品质的影响

Table 4 Effects of dietary supplementation with Scutellaria flavonoids on meat quality of yellow-feathered broilers

项目
Items		 组别Groups SEM P值
P-value
对照Control SF150 SF300 SF450
宰后45 min 45 min post-slaughter
pH 5.80 5.78 5.84 5.72 0.053 0.486
亮度L* 52.31 53.58 53.38 52.29 0.837 0.617
红度a* 15.40 15.02 15.49 15.49 0.361 0.790
黄度b* 11.82 12.24 13.57 11.73 0.642 0.120
宰后24 h 24 h post-slaughter
pH 5.49d 5.57c 5.67b 5.87a 0.029 0.001
亮度L* 54.94 55.36 55.52 54.14 0.664 0.505
红度a* 13.23b 13.79ab 13.10b 14.52a 0.336 0.005
黄度b* 13.22 13.83 14.73 13.15 0.532 0.131
滴水损失Drip loss/% 3.32 3.17 2.88 3.12 0.162 0.284
剪切力Shear force/N 36.20 31.61 21.40 33.80 4.677 0.079

2.3 饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮对黄羽肉鸡血浆和肌肉生化指标的影响

如表5所示,与对照组相比,SF450组血浆中MDA的含量显著降低(P<0.05),SF150和SF300组血浆中LDH的活性显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加300和450 mg/kg的黄芩黄酮显著提高了胸肌中T-AOC(P<0.05),并且,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg黄芩黄酮还显著提高了胸肌中T-SOD的活性(P<0.05)。
表5 饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮对黄羽肉鸡血浆和肌肉生化指标的影响

Table 5 Effects of dietary supplementation with Scutellaria flavonoids on biochemical parameters in plasma and muscle of yellow-feathered broilers

项目
Items		 组别Groups SEM P值
P-value
对照组Control SF150 SF300 SF450
血浆Plasma
丙二醛MDA/(nmol/L) 1.72a 1.79a 1.59ab 1.49b 0.043 0.015
乳酸脱氢酶LDH/(U/mL) 3.02a 2.91b 2.78b 3.18a 0.052 0.018
胸肌Breast muscle/(U/mg prot)
总抗氧化能力T-AOC 0.14b 0.16b 0.25a 0.26a 0.021 0.001
总超氧化物歧化酶T-SOD 81.55b 85.72ab 94.59a 74.37b 2.344 0.010

2.4 饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮对黄羽肉鸡肝脏中抗氧化相关基因表达的影响

如图1所示,与对照组相比,SF300组肝脏中核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)和血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)的mRNA相对表达量显著上调(P<0.05);SF300和SF450组肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的mRNA相对表达量显著上调(P<0.05)。
图1 饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮对黄羽肉鸡肝脏中抗氧化相关基因表达的影响

“*”表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig.1 Effects of dietary supplementation with Scutellaria flavonoids on expression of antioxidant-related genes in liver of yellow-feathered broilers

“*” mean significant difference (P<0.05).

3 讨论

3.1 饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响

黄芩黄酮是中药黄芩的主要活性成分之一,兼具抗氧化、抗炎、抗病毒和代谢调控等多种生理功能[12-14]。已有研究表明,在肉鸡饲粮中添加植物黄酮能够通过提升肠道消化酶活性、改善肠道结构健康,促进机体对营养物质的吸收利用[15-16]。本试验结果表明,饲粮中添加300和450 mg/kg的黄芩黄酮在未影响肉鸡平均日增重与平均日采食量的前提下,显著降低了料重比,表明饲料利用效率得到了有效提升。这一发现与既有研究相互印证:例如,有研究报道在饲粮中添加250 mg/kg含黄芩黄酮的复合植物提取物,可显著提高麻黄鸡1~60日龄体重及39~60日龄平均日增重[17];Wu等[18]也发现,饲粮中添加1 000 mg/kg竹叶黄酮能显著提高1~56日龄黄羽肉鸡体重并降低料重比,并将其促生长机制归因于黄酮对肠道结构和菌群的改善作用。综上所述,适宜水平的植物黄酮可通过改善肠道健康来提升肉鸡的饲料利用效率。在本试验条件下,300 mg/kg为黄羽肉鸡饲粮中黄芩黄酮的适宜添加水平。

3.2 饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮对黄羽肉鸡肉品质的影响

鸡肉富含优质蛋白质、脂质、碳水化合物及维生素等重要营养物质,其中脂质等成分极易发生氧化[19]。氧化不仅会导致肉质地的改变,也会引起其性状与营养价值下降。肉品质通常可通过pH、肉色、滴水损失及剪切力等指标进行综合评价。肌肉的红色主要源于肌红蛋白,而其中的血红素亚铁离子易被氧化为高铁状态,形成高铁肌红蛋白,导致肉色褐变、新鲜度下降[20]。此外,宰后肌肉中糖原经无氧酵解产生乳酸,使pH随贮藏时间延长而下降[21]。然而,当pH过度降低时,不仅会产生酸味,也会削弱肌肉保水性[22],进而劣化肉质。本试验结果显示,饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮可显著提高肉鸡宰后24 h胸肌的a*值,并提升pH。江阳等[23]报道,艾蒿黄酮可显著提高爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡腿肌与胸肌a*值,降低剪切力与滴水损失;苏晓月等[24]研究发现,桑叶黄酮能提高宰后24 h羊肉的pH并降低滴水损失;屠民航等[25]研究表明,枸杞黄酮可改善肉鸭肌肉的保水性,降低剪切力,并提升胸肌a*值与pH。上述结果一致表明,黄酮类物质对多种畜禽肉品质具有积极改善作用。肉质劣变与营养流失多与氧化进程密切相关[26],因此提升机体抗氧化能力是改善肉品质的关键途径。黄酮类物质对畜禽肉品质的改善作用可能与其能提高动物机体的抗氧化能力有关。例如,在屠民航等[25]的研究中显示黄酮类物质显著提高了肉鸭血清中T-SOD与GSH-Px活性,从而增强机体的整体抗氧化防御能力,延缓宰后肌肉的氧化损伤,最终维持并提升肉品质。

3.3 饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮对黄羽肉鸡抗氧化能力的影响及作用机理

细胞膜系统中富含多不饱和脂肪酸,易受氧化应激产生的氧自由基攻击,引发脂质过氧化。MDA是该过程的特征性终产物之一[27],而LDH的释放则反映细胞膜完整性受损程度[28]。因此,MDA含量与LDH活性常被共同用作评估机体抗氧化状态的间接指标。本研究结果显示,饲粮中添加黄芩黄酮显著降低了肉鸡血浆中MDA的含量与LDH的活性,同时提高了肌肉中T-AOC和T-SOD的活性,表明其有效增强了黄羽肉鸡的全身及肌肉局部抗氧化能力。该结果与Zhou等[15]的研究结果一致,其报道饲粮中添加200 mg/kg黄芩素可显著提高肉鸡血清中GSH-Px和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,并降低MDA含量,从而改善机体抗氧化状态。值得注意的是,肌肉抗氧化能力的提升可能通过以下途径改善肉品质:一方面,缓解肌肉蛋白质的氧化损伤,维持其生化特性与细胞结构完整性,从而有助于提高肉的保水性[29];另一方面,抑制肌红蛋白中亚铁离子的氧化,减缓其向高铁肌红蛋白的转化,利于保持肉色鲜红[30]。综上可推测,黄芩黄酮可通过激活肉鸡体内的抗氧化酶系统,增强整体抗氧化能力,进而从多个层面改善肌肉品质。
本研究通过对肝脏中抗氧化相关基因进行定量分析来进一步探究黄芩黄酮改善肉鸡抗氧化能力的机制,结果表明,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg的黄芩黄酮显著提高了肉鸡肝脏中Nrf2、HO-1与GSH-Px的mRNA相对表达量。Nrf2/HO-1信号通路是细胞抵抗氧化应激的核心防御机制之一[31],当该通路激活时可使Nrf2从Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白1(Keap1)中分离出来,随着Nrf2在细胞核中的累积可激活下游靶基因,使得HO-1、SOD和GSH-Px等抗氧化酶基因表达上调[32]。研究表明,黄芩苷与黄芩素可通过激活Nrf2的转录,降低经对乙酰氨基酚处理的人肝脏细胞中活性氧(ROS)的产生,缓解其损伤,并且使用小干扰RNA(siRNA)敲低Nrf2表达后,减弱了黄芩苷与黄芩素对人肝脏细胞的保护作用[33]。Liu等[34]研究表明,小鼠口服100 mg/kg黄芩苷可上调Nrf2和HO-1蛋白的表达,并且在与全反式维甲酸(Nrf2抑制物)联合应用时,这种作用有所减弱。这表明Nrf2通路是黄芩黄酮发挥抗氧化作用的核心枢纽。雍乐等[35]研究表明,黄芩苷可上调Nrf2、HO-1蛋白的表达,降低肝脏组织中MDA含量,缓解大鼠妊娠期糖尿病导致的氧化应激。本研究结果与上述研究类似,这表明黄芩黄酮通过激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路提升肉鸡的抗氧化能力。

4 结论

饲粮中添加300 mg/kg黄芩黄酮可有效提高黄羽肉鸡的饲料转化率,增强其机体抗氧化能力,提升肉品质,其上述作用的发挥可能与Nrf2/HO-1信号通路的激活密切相关。

References

Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within
[1]
JOMOVA K, RAPTOVA R, ALOMAR S Y, et al. Reactive oxygen species,toxicity,oxidative stress,and antioxidants:chronic diseases and aging[J]. Archives of Toxicology, 2023, 97(10):2499-2574.

DOI

[2]
BANERJEE P, GADDAM N, CHANDLER V, et al. Oxidative stress-induced liver damage and remodeling of the liver vasculature[J]. The American Journal of Pathology, 2023, 193(10):1400-1414.

DOI

[3]
CHEN Y P, GU Y F, ZHAO H R, et al. Dietary squalene supplementation alleviates diquat-induced oxidative stress and liver damage of broiler chickens[J]. Poultry Science, 2021, 100(3):100919.

DOI

[4]
ESTÉVEZ M. Oxidative damage to poultry:from farm to fork[J]. Poultry Science, 2015, 94(6):1368-1378.

DOI

[5]
LIAO H F, YE J, GAO L L, et al. The main bioactive compounds of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.for alleviation of inflammatory cytokines:a comprehensive review[J]. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2021,133:110917.

[6]
ISHFAQ M, CHEN C L, BAO J X, et al. Baicalin ameliorates oxidative stress and apoptosis by restoring mitochondrial dynamics in the spleen of chickens via the opposite modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway during Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection[J]. Poultry Science, 2019, 98(12):6296-6310.

DOI

[7]
XU J N, LI S R, JIANG L Q, et al. Baicalin protects against zearalenone-induced chicks liver and kidney injury by inhibiting expression of oxidative stress,inflammatory cytokines and caspase signaling pathway[J]. International Immunopharmacology, 2021,100:108097.

[8]
LI S, ZHANG K Y, BAI S P, et al. Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis and Lonicerae flos improves growth performance,antioxidant capacity,and intestinal barrier of yellow-feather broiler chickens against Clostridium perfringens[J]. Poultry Science, 2024, 103(7):103718.

DOI

[9]
中华人民共和国农业农村部. 黄羽肉鸡营养需要量:NY/T 3645—2020[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2020.

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. Nutrient requirement of yellow chickens:NY/T 3645—2020[S]. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2020. (in Chinese)

[10]
WANG Y B, WANG Y Y, WANG B K, et al. Protocatechuic acid improved growth performance,meat quality,and intestinal health of Chinese yellow-feathered broilers[J]. Poultry Science, 2019, 98(8):3138-3149.

DOI

[11]
范秋丽, 陈志龙, 林泽铃, 等. 五倍子提取物对1-42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肠道形态、免疫功能、抗氧化能力及肠道菌群的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022, 34(3):1547-1558.

DOI

FAN Q L, CHEN Z L, LIN Z L, et al. Effects of gallnut extract on growth performance,intestinal morphology,immune function,antioxidant capacity and intestinal microbiota of yellow-feathered chickens during 1 to 42 days of age[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022, 34(3):1547-1558. (in Chinese)

[12]
ZHOU Y F, MAO S G, ZHOU M X. Effect of the flavonoid baicalein as a feed additive on the growth performance,immunity,and antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens[J]. Poultry Science, 2019, 98(7):2790-2799.

DOI

[13]
YANG Z C, HUANG W, ZHANG J S, et al. Baicalein improves glucose metabolism in insulin resistant HepG2 cells[J]. European Journal of Pharmacology, 2019,854:187-193.

[14]
NIU Q G, ZHOU C J, LI R, et al. Proteomic analysis reveals the antiviral effects of baicalin on pseudorabies virus[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 277(Pt 1):134149.

DOI

[15]
钟召兵, 王宁, 侯磊. 槲皮素对肉鸡生长性能、血清炎症因子及肠道消化酶的影响[J]. 中国饲料, 2025(8):29-32.

ZHONG Z B, WANG N, HOU L. Effects of quercetin on growth performance,serum inflammatory factors and intestinal digestive enzymes in broilers[J]. China Feed, 2025(8):29-32. (in Chinese)

[16]
王祖澳, 周晗聪, 闫素, 等. 山花黄芩提取物对LPS刺激肉鸡肠道形态、抗氧化及免疫功能的影响[J]. 中国饲料, 2024(15):57-62.

WANG Z A, ZHOU H C, YAN S, et al. Effects of chlorogenic acid and baicalin on intestinal morphology,antioxidant and immune functions of broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide[J]. China Feed, 2024(15):57-62. (in Chinese)

[17]
LIU X B, JI Y R, MIAO Z G, et al. Effects of baicalin and chlorogenic acid on growth performance,slaughter performance,antioxidant capacity,immune function and intestinal health of broilers[J]. Poultry Science, 2024, 103(11):104251.

DOI

[18]
WU C, MA H, LU S W, et al. Effects of bamboo leaf flavonoids on growth performance,antioxidants,immune function,intestinal morphology,and cecal microbiota in broilers[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2024, 104(12):7656-7667.

DOI

[19]
SOHAIB M, ANJUM F M, ARSHAD M S, et al. Oxidative stability and lipid oxidation flavoring volatiles in antioxidants treated chicken meat patties during storage[J]. Lipids in Health and Disease, 2017, 16(1):27.

DOI PMID

[20]
马国源. 低剂量亚硝酸钠抑制牦牛肉肌红蛋白氧化的作用机制[D]. 博士学位论文. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2021.

MA G Y. The mechanism of low-dose sodium nitrite inhibiting the oxidation of yak meat myoglobin[D]. Ph.D.Thesis. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2021. (in Chinese)

[21]
王雅宁, 牛晓雨, 邢媛媛, 等. 多酚类化合物调控畜禽肉品质的研究进展[J]. 动物营养学报, 2025, 37(5):2887-2899.

DOI

WANG Y N, NIU X Y, XING Y Y, et al. Research progress on regulation of livestock and poultry meat quality by polyphenolic compounds[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2025, 37(5):2887-2899. (in Chinese)

DOI

[22]
ZHANG M H, WANG D Y, GENG Z M, et al. The level of heat shock protein 90 in pig longissimus dorsi muscle and its relationship with meat pH and quality[J]. Food Chemistry, 2014,165:337-341.

[23]
江阳, 杨硕, 金晓, 等. 艾蒿黄酮对肉仔鸡生长性能和肉品质的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2021, 44(6):54-57.

JIANG Y, YANG S, JIN X, et al. Effect of artemisia flavone on growth performance and meat quality of broilers[J]. Feed Research, 2021, 44(6):54-57. (in Chinese)

[24]
苏晓月, 吕转平, 王艳萍, 等. 桑叶黄酮对肉羊生长性能、肉品质、屠宰性能和血清抗氧化指标的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2025, 48(2):22-26.

SU X Y, LV Z P, WANG Y P, et al. Effect of mulberry leaf flavonoids on growth performance,meat quality,slaughter traits,and serum antioxidant indexes of mutton sheep[J]. Feed Research, 2025, 48(2):22-26. (in Chinese)

[25]
屠民航, 蔡根谭, 宋彦泽, 等. 枸杞黄酮通过调控Nrf2/HO-1信号通路改善肉鸭肌肉品质[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(8):3922-3932.

DOI

TU M H, CAI G T, SONG Y Z, et al. Dietary Lycium barbarum flavonoids improve muscle quality of meat ducks by regulating Nrf/HO-1 signaling pathway[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8):3922-3932. (in Chinese)

[26]
HUANG X, AHN D U. Lipid oxidation and its implications to meat quality and human health[J]. Food Science and Biotechnology, 2019, 28(5):1275-1285.

DOI PMID

[27]
ITO F, SONO Y, ITO T. Measurement and clinical significance of lipid peroxidation as a biomarker of oxidative stress:oxidative stress in diabetes,atherosclerosis,and chronic inflammation[J]. Antioxidants, 2019, 8(3):72.

DOI

[28]
WU Y L, LU C X, PAN N N, et al. Serum lactate dehydrogenase activities as systems biomarkers for 48 types of human diseases[J]. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11(1):12997.

DOI PMID

[29]
黄倩, 黄兰兰, 陈炼红, 等. 冻融对冷藏藏羊肉保水性及蛋白氧化和溶解特性的影响[J]. 食品工业科技, 2021, 42(19):21-28.

HUANG Q, HUANG L L, CHEN L H, et al. Effects of repeated freezing-thawing on water holding capacity,protein oxidation and dissolution characteristics of Tibetan mutton during chilled storage[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2021, 42(19):21-28. (in Chinese)

[30]
BELLÉS M, LEAL L N, DÍAZ V, et al. Effect of dietary vitamin E on physicochemical and fatty acid stability of fresh and thawed lamb[J]. Food Chemistry, 2018,239:1-8.

[31]
XIE J J, HE X S, FANG H H, et al. Identification of heme oxygenase-1 from golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) and response of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to copper-induced oxidative stress[J]. Chemosphere, 2020,253:126654.

[32]
LI B, JIANG T M, LIU H, et al. Andrographolide protects chondrocytes from oxidative stress injury by activation of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway[J]. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2018, 234(1):561-571.

DOI PMID

[33]
SHI L, HAO Z X, ZHANG S B, et al. Baicalein and baicalin alleviate acetaminophen-induced liver injury by activating Nrf2 antioxidative pathway:the involvement of ERK1/2 and PKC[J]. Biochemical Pharmacology, 2018,150:9-23.

[34]
LIU W J, CHEN W W, CHEN J Y, et al. Baicalin attenuated metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signalling pathway in db/db mice[J]. Phytotherapy Research, 2025, 39(4):1663-1678.

DOI

[35]
雍乐, 王安, 陈林, 等. 黄芩苷调控Nrf2、HO-1缓解妊娠期糖尿病大鼠氧化应激损伤[J]. 广州中医药大学学报, 2025, 42(5):1212-1220.

YONG L, WANG A, CHEN L, et al. Baicalin alleviates oxidative stress injury in gestational diabetes mellitus rats via regulating Nrf2 and HO-1[J]. Journal of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025, 42(5):1212-1220. (in Chinese)

Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉

京ICP备17050989号-2
Copyright © Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, All Rights Reserved.
Tel: 010－62817823　E-mail: cjan@vip.163.com
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co., Ltd.