1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
1.3 饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 玉米Corn | 69.37 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 20.00 |
| 玉米蛋白粉Corn gluten meal | 5.00 |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 3.03 |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.96 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.52 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.15 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.29 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.02 |
| 精氨酸Arg | 0.01 |
| 植酸酶Phytase | 0.02 |
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.10 |
| 微量元素预混料Trace mineral premix1) | 0.20 |
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix2) | 0.03 |
| 氯化钠NaCl | 0.30 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 13.18 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 17.00 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 5.66 |
| 粗纤维CF | 2.18 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 3.80 |
| 钙Ca | 0.55 |
| 总磷TP | 0.42 |
| 有效磷AP | 0.22 |
1)微量元素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The trace mineral premix provided the following per kg of the diet:Mn 60 mg,I 0.35 mg,Fe 25 mg,Cu 8 mg,Zn 50 mg。 | |
2)维生素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The vitamin premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 4 000 IU,VD3 1 600 IU,VK3 1.5 mg,VB1 1.0 mg,VB2 3.0 mg,VB6 3.0 mg,VB12 0.005 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 8.0 mg,烟酸 niacin 20 mg,叶酸 folic acid 20 mg。 | |
3)代谢能和有效磷为计算值,其他营养水平为实测值。ME and AP were calculated values, while other nutrient levels were measured values. |
1.4 样品采集及处理
1.5 检测指标及方法
1.5.1 饲粮营养成分
1.5.2 直肠温度
1.5.3 生长性能
1.5.4 器官指数
1.5.5 肉品质
1.5.6 血浆和肝脏抗氧化指标
1.5.7 血浆生化和免疫指标
1.6 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 丙酸铬对热应激黄羽肉鸡直肠温度的影响
2.2 丙酸铬对热应激黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响
表2 丙酸铬对热应激黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of propionic acid chromium on growth performance of yellow-feathered broilers under heat stress |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P1值 P1-value | P2值 P2-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | HS | PAC | |||
| 末重FBW/g | 2 242.22±37.81 | 1 916.88±33.13 | 2 164.60±53.39 | <0.001 | 0.002 |
| 平均日增重ADG/g | 66.55±1.20 | 49.09±0.96 | 56.54±2.39 | <0.001 | 0.044 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/g | 163.56±3.26 | 137.38±3.55 | 142.20±4.91 | <0.001 | 0.487 |
| 料重比F/G | 2.46±0.02 | 2.81±0.10 | 2.53±0.05 | 0.008 | 0.048 |
P1值表示CON组与HS组之间的P值,P2值表示HS组与PAC组之间的P值。下表同。 | |
The P1-value represented the P-value between the CON group and the HS group, and the P2-value represented the P-value between the HS group and the PAC group. The same as below. |
2.3 丙酸铬对热应激黄羽肉鸡器官指数的影响
表3 丙酸铬对热应激黄羽肉鸡器官指数的影响Table 3 Effects of propionic acid chromium on organ indices of yellow-feathered broilers under heat stress % |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P1值 P1-value | P2值 P2-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | HS | PAC | |||
| 肝脏指数Liver index | 23.92±1.18 | 23.01±1.17 | 21.64±1.05 | 0.567 | 0.440 |
| 脾脏指数Spleen index | 2.43±0.24 | 1.81±0.28 | 2.12±0.19 | 0.079 | 0.439 |
| 法氏囊指数Bursa of Fabricius index | 0.48±0.09 | 0.44±0.08 | 0.57±0.07 | 0.717 | 0.332 |
| 腹脂指数Abdominal adipose index | 13.15±1.39 | 14.62±1.08 | 12.51±2.14 | 0.467 | 0.350 |
| 胸肌指数Breast muscle index | 44.90±0.87 | 44.56±1.07 | 43.23±2.44 | 0.854 | 0.524 |
2.4 丙酸铬对热应激黄羽肉鸡肉品质的影响
表4 丙酸铬对热应激黄羽肉鸡肉品质的影响Table 4 Effects of propionic acid chromium on meat quality of yellow-feathered broilers under heat stress |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P1值 P1-value | P2值 P2-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | HS | PAC | |||
| 胸肌重Breast muscle weight/g | 103.51±2.64 | 89.17±3.39 | 102.96±2.86 | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| 亮度Lightness | 48.32±0.48 | 49.82±0.71 | 48.76±1.07 | 0.142 | 0.332 |
| 红度Redness | 2.20±0.27 | 1.75±0.23 | 2.21±0.39 | 0.248 | 0.287 |
| 黄度Yellowness | 8.76±0.70 | 8.10±0.38 | 7.57±0.62 | 0.407 | 0.546 |
| 45 min pH | 6.53±0.08 | 6.39±0.10 | 6.35±0.07 | 0.251 | 0.772 |
| 24 h pH | 5.58±0.02 | 5.54±0.03 | 5.64±0.03 | 0.289 | 0.015 |
| 系水力Water holding capacity/% | 50.20±1.11 | 45.88±1.28 | 50.97±0.78 | 0.014 | 0.005 |
| 剪切力Shear force/N | 18.65±0.39 | 19.76±0.48 | 19.75±0.38 | 0.955 | 0.226 |
2.5 丙酸铬对热应激黄羽肉鸡血浆和肝脏抗氧化指标的影响
表5 丙酸铬对热应激黄羽肉鸡血浆和肝脏抗氧化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of propionic acid chromium on plasma and liver antioxidant indices of yellow-feathered broilers under heat stress |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P1值 P1-value | P2值 P2-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | HS | PAC | |||
| 血浆Plasma | |||||
| 过氧化氢酶CAT/(U/mL) | 4.23±0.29 | 5.83±0.59 | 3.73±0.70 | 0.032 | 0.012 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 1 459.48±90.98 | 1 521.78±104.44 | 1 572.86±116.95 | 0.663 | 0.738 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mL) | 41.69±4.36 | 47.50±3.84 | 47.40±6.98 | 0.374 | 0.989 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(mmol/mL) | 1.86±0.16 | 1.66±0.13 | 1.72±0.13 | 0.319 | 0.795 |
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mL) | 0.87±0.02 | 0.73±0.02 | 0.72±0.01 | <0.001 | 0.709 |
| 肝脏Liver | |||||
| 过氧化氢酶CAT/(U/mg prot) | 1.23±0.06 | 1.18±0.07 | 1.66±0.06 | 0.539 | <0.001 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 10.29±0.76 | 10.38±0.42 | 10.27±0.58 | 0.915 | 0.904 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mg prot) | 23.88±1.17 | 22.96±0.99 | 24.47±1.35 | 0.561 | 0.395 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(mmol/g prot) | 0.50±0.03 | 0.44±0.04 | 0.55±0.02 | 0.225 | 0.063 |
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 0.60±0.03 | 0.65±0.02 | 0.60±0.04 | 0.341 | 0.252 |
2.6 丙酸铬对热应激黄羽肉鸡血浆生化指标的影响
表6 丙酸铬对热应激黄羽肉鸡血浆生化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of propionic acid chromium on plasma biochemical indices of yellow-feathered broilers under heat stress |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P1值 P1-value | P2值 P2-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | HS | PAC | |||
| 白蛋白ALB/(g/L) | 13.48±0.40 | 13.50±0.32 | 12.20±0.50 | 0.973 | 0.039 |
| 葡萄糖GLU/(mmol/L) | 13.79±0.24 | 13.75±0.29 | 14.14±0.35 | 0.911 | 0.842 |
| 尿酸UA/(μmol/L) | 332.33±15.78 | 296.36±19.86 | 308.25±38.76 | 0.265 | 0.738 |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 0.95±0.09 | 1.35±0.02 | 1.02±0.10 | 0.002 | 0.023 |
| 钾离子K+/(mmol/L) | 3.63±0.08 | 3.19±0.19 | 3.15±0.25 | 0.042 | 0.854 |
| 钠离子Na+/(mmol/L) | 146.40±0.32 | 145.51±0.49 | 145.76±0.50 | 0.146 | 0.712 |
| 氯离子Cl-/(mmol/L) | 103.35±0.36 | 103.45±0.28 | 103.22±0.19 | 0.805 | 0.638 |
| 钙离子Ca2+/(mmol/L) | 1.28±0.01 | 1.28±0.01 | 1.26±0.01 | 0.877 | 0.197 |
2.7 丙酸铬对热应激黄羽肉鸡血浆免疫指标的影响
表7 丙酸铬对热应激黄羽肉鸡血浆免疫指标的影响Table 7 Effects of propionic acid chromium on serum immune indices of yellow-feathered broilers under heat stress ng/mL |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P1值 P1-value | P2值 P2-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | HS | PAC | |||
| 免疫球蛋白A IgA | 2 769.95±445.62 | 1 386.77±439.93 | 985.36±484.29 | 0.031 | 0.561 |
| 免疫球蛋白G IgG | 12.98±0.75 | 10.35±0.45 | 12.03±0.32 | 0.023 | 0.025 |
| 免疫球蛋白M IgM | 13.79±0.65 | 14.93±0.74 | 14.83±1.08 | 0.293 | 0.929 |
