Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2026 , Vol. 38 >Issue 2: 1103 - 1116

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2026.088

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Dandelion Flavonoids and Euglena Powder on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Microbial Structure of Huxu Chickens

  • ZHANG Hanxu , 1, 2 ,
  • YE Jinling 2, * ,
  • HUANG Yunmao 1 ,
  • DING Fayuan 2 ,
  • LIN Xiajing 2 ,
  • FAN Qiuli 2 ,
  • WANG Yibing , 2, ** ,
  • JIANG Shouqun , 2, **
Expand
  • 1 College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
  • 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
** WANG Yibing, associate professor, E-mail: ;
JIANG Shouqun, professor, E-mail:

* Contributed equally

Received date: 2025-06-24

  Online published: 2026-02-12

Fold

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dandelion flavonoids and Euglena powder on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota structure of Huxu chickens. A total of 960 one-day-old male Huxu chickens were randomly allocated into 4 groups, with 6 replicates per group, and 40 birds per replicate. Birds in the control group (CON group) were fed a basal diet, while the others were fed basal diets supplemented with 20 mg/kg enramycin (antibiotic group, AB group), 400 mg/kg dandelion flavonoids (dandelion flavonoids group, FN group), and 200 mg/kg dandelion flavonoids plus 200 mg/kg Euglena powder (dandelion flavonoids and Euglena powder group, FNEP group), respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed as follows:1) compared with the CON group, the feed to gain ratio (F/G) in each group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the final weight (FW) and average daily gain (ADG) in the FNEP group were significantly increased (P<0.05). 2) Compared with the CON group, the spleen index in the FN group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the spleen index and liver index in the FNEP group were significantly increased (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the CON group, the plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) content in each experimental group was significantly increased (P<0.05). 4) Compared with the CON group, the plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, liver total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in each experimental group were all significantly increased (P<0.05), while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the jejunum was significantly decreased (P<0.05); compared with the AB group, the plasma T-AOC in the FN group and FNEP group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the GSH-Px and T-SOD activities in plasma and liver, as well as the T-AOC and T-SOD activities in the jejunum of the FNEP group, were also significantly increased (P<0.05). 5) Compared with the CON group, the intestinal microbial α-diversity (Ace, Chao, Shannon, Sobs and Pd indexes) in the AB group was significantly decreased (P<0.05); compared with the AB group, the microbial α-diversity (Ace, Chao, Shannon and Sobs indexes) in the FN group and the microbial α-diversity (Shannon and Sobs indexes) in the FNEP group were significantly increased (P<0.05).6) Compared with the AB group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the other groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation with dandelion flavonoids or a mixture of dandelion flavonoids and Euglena powder in the diet can improve the antioxidant capacity, increased the α-diversity of intestinal microbiota, reduce the abundance of harmful bacteria, and improve intestinal health, thereby enhancing the growth performance of Huxu chickens and showing beneficial effects as an alternative to antibiotics. In this experiment, the combination of dandelion flavonoids and Euglena powder showed better effects.

Key words： Huxu chickens; dandelion flavonoids; Euglena powder; growth performance; gut microbiota

Cite this article

ZHANG Hanxu , YE Jinling , HUANG Yunmao , DING Fayuan , LIN Xiajing , FAN Qiuli , WANG Yibing , JIANG Shouqun . Effects of Dandelion Flavonoids and Euglena Powder on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Microbial Structure of Huxu Chickens[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2026 , 38(2) : 1103 -1116 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2026.088

抗生素滥用是养殖业面临的重要问题,其引发的细菌耐药性和兽药残留现象对公共卫生和食品安全构成潜在威胁。为应对这一挑战,国家出台了“饲料禁抗”政策,旨在减少抗生素在养殖中的使用。然而,当前畜禽集约化饲养模式使得养殖场对高效抗病药物的需求持续增加。在此背景下,开发绿色、安全、高效的抗生素替代品成为了研究的重中之重。植物提取物含有多种生物活性成分,具有抑菌、抗氧化、促生长、提高动物免疫力等特点[1],作为一种天然、安全的饲料添加剂在改善畜禽生产性能与肠道健康等方面展现出替代抗生素的良好潜力[2]。
蒲公英黄酮是一种广泛存在于自然界中的植物提取物,具有抗菌和抗氧化等功能[3-4],能够增强畜禽免疫功能、提高生产性能并改善产品品质,功能多样且毒副作用小[5],在畜牧生产中具有良好的应用前景。微藻中富含植物蛋白质、必需脂肪酸和多种维生素等营养成分[6],其中裸藻因其显著的健康功效、高营养价值和易吸收性,在功能性食品和化妆品行业中已展现出良好应用前景[7]。微藻中的β-葡聚糖(裸藻β-1,3葡聚糖)具有增强猪免疫功能和肠道健康、提高抗应激性能和生长性能等作用[8-10],但其在家禽中的应用鲜见报道。本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮以及蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉的联合应用对1~28日龄胡须鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力与肠道健康方面的作用,为植物源生物活性成分在畜禽养殖中的应用提供理论基础,旨在推动绿色养殖技术发展,推进饲料“无抗”进程。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验设计与分组

本试验已获得中国广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所动物伦理委员会的批准,批准号为GAASIAS-2022-029。
采用单因素随机分组试验设计,将960只1日龄胡须鸡(慢速型黄羽肉鸡)公鸡随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复40只鸡,试验期为28 d。试验设置对照组(CON组,基础饲粮)、抗生素组(AB组,基础饲粮中添加20 mg/kg的恩拉霉素)、蒲公英黄酮组(FN组,基础饲粮中添加400 mg/kg的蒲公英黄酮)和蒲公英黄酮+裸藻粉组(FNEP组,基础饲粮中添加200 mg/kg蒲公英黄酮和200 mg/kg的裸藻粉)。裸藻粉有效成分为β-1,3葡聚糖,含量为45%,其余物质包含蛋白质以及部分维生素、矿物质等。蒲公英黄酮来自于蒲公英根,有效成分为黄酮类物质,含量8.6%,其余为蒲公英生粉与麦饭石。

1.2 试验饲粮

根据《中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2022年第33版)》[11]和《黄羽肉鸡营养需要量》(NY/T 3645—2020)[12]配制基础饲粮,其组成及营养水平见表1。将蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉添加至预混料混匀,再添加到全价料中混匀配制试验饲粮。
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) %

项目Items 含量Content
原料Ingredients
玉米Corn 61.30
豆粕Soybean meal (46%) 25.80
玉米蛋白粉Corn gluten meal (60%) 2.85
大豆油Soybean oil 2.00
L-盐酸赖氨酸L-lysine·HCl (78%) 0.18
DL-蛋氨酸DL-methionine (99%) 0.13
石粉Limestone 0.86
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 2.32
食盐NaCl 0.28
稻壳粉Rice hull powder 3.28
预混料Premix1) 1.00
合计Total 100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels2)
氮校正表观代谢能AMEn/(MJ/kg) 11.53
粗蛋白质CP 19.12
赖氨酸Lysine 1.04
蛋氨酸Methionine 0.44
蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Methionine+cysteine 0.78
苏氨酸Threonine 0.70
色氨酸Tryptophan 0.17
异亮氨酸Isoleucine 0.70
钙Calcium 0.95
总磷Total phosphorus 0.67
非植酸磷Non-phytate phosphorus 0.44

1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 15 000 IU,VD3 3 300 IU,VE 20 IU,VK3 6.0 mg,VB1 1.8 mg,VB2 9.0 mg,VB12 0.03 mg,烟酸 niacin 60 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 18 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.75 mg,生物素 biotin 0.10 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 1 000 mg,Fe 80 mg,Cu 12 mg,Mn 100 mg,Zn 75 mg,I 0.35 mg,Se 0.15 mg。

2)粗蛋白质、钙和总磷为实测值[13-15],其余为计算值[11]。Crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus were measured values[13-15], while the others were all calculated values[11]。

1.3 饲养管理

本试验在广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所动物营养与饲料研究试验场开展。试验鸡采用地面平养,地面铺放干燥稻壳,每个重复试验栏采用不锈钢框架和铁丝网分隔。试验鸡自由采食、饮水,各组饲养管理和环境条件一致,按照黄羽肉鸡常规饲养管理和免疫程序进行饲养和免疫。

1.4 生长性能测定

试验期间记录每个重复的日采食量和淘汰死亡数,并于试验结束(28日龄)前1天晚上断料。于次日清晨称重获得每个重复的体重,计算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)、料重比(F/G)和存活率。

1.5 样品采集与器官指数计算

每个重复随机挑选2只接近平均体重的试验鸡,使用含肝素钠的抗凝管从翅静脉采集约4 mL血液,以1 200×g离心10 min后,收集血浆样品。置于-80 ℃冰箱保存待用。
试验鸡进行颈静脉放血处死,摘取肝脏、脾脏、肌胃、腺胃、胸腺和法氏囊进行称重,按如下公式计算免疫器官指数:
器官指数(%)=100×器官重量/活重。
取肝脏组织与中段空肠黏膜,样品置于-80 ℃冰箱保存待用,后续制备组织匀浆液。取盲肠内容物进行16S rRNA基因测序分析。

1.6 组织生化指标检测

使用多功能酶标仪(SYNERGY H1,伯腾仪器有限公司,美国)和酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)试剂盒(江苏酶免生物科技有限公司),检测血浆中的免疫球蛋白A(IgA;产品编号:MM-0913O1)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG;产品编号:MM-33296O1)含量。使用上述酶标仪和生化试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)检测血浆、肝脏和空肠黏膜中丙二醛(MDA;产品编号:A003-4-1)含量以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC;产品编号:A015-1-2)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px;产品编号:A005-1-2)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD;产品编号:A001-1-2)活性。

1.7 16S rRNA基因测序分析

采用TIANamp DNA试剂盒(DP121221,天根生物科技有限公司)提取盲肠内容物DNA。将获取到的DNA通过正、反引物(正向引物:5'-CCTACGGGNGGCWGCA-3',反向引物:5'-GACTACHVGGTATCTAATCC-3')扩增16S rDNA V3和V4区,测序在Illumina MiSeq平台(Illumina Inc.,美国)上进行。文库构建和Illumina MiSeq测序如文献[16]所述,由上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司完成。

1.8 数据统计与分析

采用SPSS 17.0统计软件,对试验数据进行单因素方差分析,并对显著差异的处理进行Duncan氏多重比较,统计显著性水平为P<0.05。用平均值与均值标准误(SEM)表示试验数据。采用Wilxocon秩和分析与t检验对微生物的α-多样性与物种结构组成进行差异性分析。使用主坐标分析(PCoA)检验样本间微生物群落结构的相似性,并结合PERMANOVA非参数检验分析样本组间微生物群落结构差异是否显著;利用线性判别分析(LDA)效应大小(LEfSe)分析[17](LDA>2,P<0.05)确定不同组间从门到属水平相对丰度显著差异的微生物类群。

2 结果与分析

2.1 饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉对1~28日龄胡须鸡生长性能的影响

由表2可知,与CON组相比,各试验组F/G均显著降低(P<0.05),FNEP组末重和ADG显著提高(P<0.05)。各组ADFI和存活率无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表2 饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉对1~28日龄胡须鸡生长性能的影响

Table 2 Effects of supplementation with dandelion flavonoids and Euglena powder on growth performance of Huxu chickens from 1 to 28 days of age

项目
Items		 对照组
CON group		 抗生素组
AB group		 蒲公英
黄酮组
FN group		 蒲公英黄酮+
裸藻粉组
FNEP group		 SEM P值
P-value
初重Initial body weight/g 30.20 30.20 30.20 30.20 0.010 1.000
末重Final body weight/g 327.26b 336.26ab 337.65ab 345.42a 3.091 0.035
平均日增重ADG/g 10.62b 10.94ab 10.99ab 11.26a 0.183 0.035
平均日采食量ADFI/g 22.29 22.44 22.34 22.65 0.281 0.466
料重比F/G 2.10a 2.05b 2.03b 2.01b 0.020 0.004
存活率Survival rate/% 98.75 99.17 100.00 98.75 0.692 0.711

同行数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。

In the same row, values with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below.

2.2 饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉对胡须鸡器官指数的影响

由表3可知,与CON组相比,FN组和FNEP组脾脏指数显著提高(P<0.05),FNEP组肝脏指数显著提高(P<0.05)。各组胸腺、法氏囊、肌胃和腺胃指数无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表3 饲粮添加蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉对28日龄胡须鸡器官指数的影响

Table 3 Effects of supplementation with dandelion flavonoids and Euglena powder on organ indexes of 28-day-old Huxu chickens %

项目
Items		 对照组
CON group		 抗生素组
AB group		 蒲公英
黄酮组
FN group		 蒲公英黄酮+
裸藻粉组
FNEP group		 SEM P值
P-value
脾脏指数Spleen index 0.26b 0.31ab 0.36a 0.36a 0.022 0.007
胸腺指数Thymus index 0.71 0.77 0.77 0.74 0.031 0.594
法氏囊指数Bursa of Fabricius index 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.40 0.030 0.875
肝脏指数Liver index 3.15b 3.21b 3.38b 3.75a 0.143 0.008
腺胃指数Proventriculus index 0.60 0.64 0.63 0.66 0.022 0.225
肌胃指数Gizzard index 3.59 3.67 3.51 3.68 0.081 0.467

2.3 饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉对胡须鸡血浆免疫球蛋白含量的影响

如表4所示,与CON组相比,各试验组血浆IgG含量显著增加(P<0.05)。
表4 饲粮添加蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉对28日龄胡须鸡血浆免疫球蛋白含量的影响

Table 4 Effects of supplementation with dandelion flavonoids and Euglena powder on contents of immunoglobulins in plasma of 28-day-old Huxu chickens ng/mL

项目
Items		 对照组
CON group		 抗生素组
AB group		 蒲公英
黄酮组
FN group		 蒲公英黄酮+
裸藻粉组
FNEP group		 SEM P值
P-value
免疫球蛋白A IgA 82.86 89.34 88.94 96.05 3.351 0.108
免疫球蛋白G IgG 589.53b 705.20a 720.78a 838.11a 39.796 0.001

2.4 饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉对胡须鸡抗氧化指标的影响

如表5所示,与CON组相比,各试验组血浆中GSH-Px活性、肝脏T-AOC与T-SOD活性显著提高(P<0.05),且肠道中MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05);除此以外,FN组与FNEP组血浆中MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),血浆T-AOC显著提高(P<0.05),FNEP组血浆T-SOD、肝脏GSH-Px活性以及肠道T-AOC显著提高(P<0.05)。与AB组相比,FN组与FNEP组血浆T-AOC显著提高(P<0.05),FNEP组血浆和肝脏GSH-Px、T-SOD活性以及空肠T-AOC、T-SOD活性显著提高(P<0.05)。
表5 饲粮添加蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉对28日龄胡须鸡抗氧化指标的影响

Table 5 Effects of supplementation with dandelion flavonoids and Euglena powder on antioxidant indexes of 28-day-old Huxu chickens

项目
Items		 对照组
CON group		 抗生素组
AB group		 蒲公英
黄酮组
FN group		 蒲公英黄酮+
裸藻粉组
FNEP group		 SEM P值
P-value
血浆Plasma
丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) 2.69a 2.24ab 1.64b 1.59b 0.200 <0.001
总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mL) 4.26c 6.34c 12.17a 9.29b 1.261 <0.001
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/mL) 1 572.54c 2 882.07b 2 800.18b 3 264.19a 200.610 <0.001
总超氧化物歧化酶T-SOD/(U/mL) 727.55b 725.21b 736.12b 925.20a 50.972 0.018
肝脏Liver
丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mg prot) 0.24 0.25 0.19 0.19 0.033 0.295
总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mg prot) 0.68b 0.91a 0.86a 0.82a 0.042 0.001
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶
GSH-Px/ (U/mg prot)		 1 117.27b 1 219.00b 1 165.86b 1 373.99a 60.872 0.002
总超氧化物歧化酶
T-SOD/(U/mg prot)		 183.64c 207.52b 211.55b 246.43a 9.300 <0.001
空肠Jejunum
丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mg prot) 0.31a 0.23b 0.17b 0.17b 0.031 0.003
总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mg prot) 0.63b 0.68b 0.65b 0.78a 0.033 0.013
总超氧化物歧化酶T-SOD/(U/mg prot) 137.62b 135.02b 138.83b 153.89a 4.314 0.008

2.5 饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉对胡须鸡盲肠微生物多样性的影响

各组盲肠微生物多样性如图1所示。与CON组相比,AB组肠道微生物α-多样性(Ace、Chao、Shannon、Sobs和Pd指数)显著降低(P<0.05);与AB组相比,FN组肠道微生物α-多样性(Ace、Chao、Shannon和Sobs指数)显著升高(P<0.05),而FNEP组肠道微生物α-多样性(Shannon和Sobs指数)显著升高(P<0.05)。
图1 饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉对28日龄胡须鸡盲肠微生物α-多样性的影响

CON:对照组,基础饲粮;AB:抗生素组,基础饲粮中添加20 mg/kg恩拉霉素;FN:蒲公英黄酮组,基础饲粮中添加400 mg/kg蒲公英黄酮;FNEP:蒲公英黄酮+裸藻粉组,基础饲粮中添加200 mg/kg蒲公英黄酮和200 mg/kg裸藻粉。下图同。*为P<0.05。

Fig.1 Effects of supplementation with dandelion flavonoids and Euglena powder on α-diversity of microbiota in cecum of 28-day-old Huxu chickens

CON: CON group, basal diet; AB: AB group, basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg enramycin; FN: FN group, basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg dandelion flavonoids; FNEP: FNEP group, basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg dandelion flavonoids and 200 mg/kg Euglena powder. The same as below. * mean P<0.05.

2.6 饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉对胡须鸡肠道微生物的影响

各组微生物组成如图2、图3所示。在门水平,肠道优势菌有厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),而AB组中优势菌门还包括放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)。在属水平,优势菌属有巴内西菌属(Barnesiella)、另枝菌属(Alistipes)、粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)、未定级梭菌纲UCG-014(norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_UCG-014)和乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)。
图2 饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉对28日龄胡须鸡盲肠微生物门水平组成的影响

A:门水平微生物结构柱状图 bar chart of microbial structure at phylum level;B:门水平微生物分析热图 heatmap of microbial analysis at phylum level。

Firmicutes:厚壁菌门;Bacteroidota:拟杆菌门;Actinobacteriota:放线菌门;Proteobacteria:变形菌门;Campilobacterota:弯曲杆菌门;Desulfobacterota:脱硫杆菌门;Deferribacterota:脱铁杆菌门;Cyanobacteria:蓝细菌门;Patescibacteria:微小细菌门;Synergistota_unclassified_k_norank_d_Bacteria:未分类的互养菌门;Verrucomicrobiota:疣微菌门;Chloroflexi:绿弯菌门;Myxococcota:黏球菌门;Halanaerobiaeota:盐厌氧菌门;Other:其他。下图同 the same as below。

Fig. 2 Effects of supplementation with dandelion flavonoids and Euglena powder on microbial composition at phylum level in cecum of 28-day-old Huxu chickens

图3 饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉对28日龄胡须鸡盲肠微生物属水平组成的影响

A:属水平微生物结构柱状图 bar chart of microbial structure at genus level;B:属水平微生物分析热图 heatmap of microbial analysis at genus level。

Barnesiella:巴内西菌属;Alistipes:另枝菌属;Faecalibacterium:粪杆菌属;norank_f_norank_o_Clstridia_UCG-014:未定级梭菌纲UCG-014;Lactobacillus:乳杆菌属;Bacteroides:拟杆菌属;Ruminococcus_torques_group:扭链瘤胃球菌群;norank_f_Barnesiellaceae:未定级巴内西菌科;Olsenella:奥尔森菌属;norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadinBB60:未定级梭菌纲vadinBB60;unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae:未分类毛螺菌科;norank_f_Ruminococcaceae:瘤胃球菌科未定级菌科unclassified_f_Rikenellaceae:未分类理研菌科;norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group:未定级粪甾醇真杆菌群;unclassified_f_Oscillospiraceae:未分类颤螺旋菌科;Phascolarctobacterium:考拉杆菌属;Eisenbergiella:艾森贝吉菌属;Escherichia-Shigella:大肠埃希菌-志贺菌属;Butyricicoccus:丁酸球菌属;unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae:未分类瘤胃球菌科;Blautia:布劳特菌属;Parabacteroides:副拟杆菌属;Enorma:恩诺菌属;Subdoligranulum:罕见小球菌属;Negativibacillus:负杆菌属;Christensenellaceae_R-7_group:克里斯滕森菌科R7群;Enterococcus:肠球菌属; Erysipelatoclostridium:丹毒梭菌属;Sellimonas:月形单胞菌属;Coprobacter:粪杆菌属;Lachnoclostridium: 毛螺菌属;Shuttleworthia:沙特沃思菌属;Streptococcus:链球菌属;Oscillibacter:颤螺旋菌属;Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group:理研菌科RC9肠道群;Colidextribacter:结肠栖居菌属;Tuzzerella:塔泽氏菌属;Flavonifractor:解黄酮菌属;norank_f_Flavobacteriaceae:未定级黄杆菌科;norank_f_Peptococcaceae:未定级厌氧消化链球菌科;Ruminococcus:瘤胃球菌属;Rikenella:理研菌属;Monoglobus:单球菌属。下图同 the same as below。

Fig. 3 Effects of supplementation with dandelion flavonoids and Euglena powder on microbial composition at genus level in cecum of 28-day-old Huxu chickens

图4展示了各组门水平和属水平的差异菌群。在门水平(图4-A),与CON组相比,AB组的厚壁菌门相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05);与AB组相比,FN组和FNEP组厚壁菌门相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。在属水平上(图4-B),与CON组相比,AB组梭菌纲UCG-014(Clostridia_UCG-014)、瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)和克里斯腾森菌科R7(Christensenellanceae_R-7)等相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05);与AB组相比,FN组和FNEP组这部分微生物相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。相比于AB组,其他组大肠埃希菌-志贺菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。
图4 饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉对28日龄胡须鸡盲肠差异微生物的作用

A:门水平 phylum level;B:属水平genus level。

Clostridia_UCG-014:梭菌纲 UCG-014;Ruminococcaceae:瘤胃球菌科;Christensenellaceae_R-7:克里斯滕森菌科R7;Flavobacteriaceae:黄杆菌科。下图同 the same as below。

Fig.4 Effects of supplementation with dandelion flavonoids and Euglena powder on differential microbes in cecum of 28-day-old Huxu chickens

利用LEfSe进一步确定造成组间差异最大的微生物类群,结果如图5所示,CON组以厚壁菌门及其下属的梭菌属相对丰度较高;AB组以大肠埃希菌-志贺菌属和柯林斯菌属(Collinsella)为主;FN组以皮肤杆菌科(Dermabacteraceae)、短杆菌属(Brachybacterium)、芽孢杆菌目(Bacillales)和克里斯滕森菌科为主;而FNEP组以颤螺旋菌属(Oscillospira)、瘤胃球菌属和戈登氏菌属(Gordonibacter)为主。
图5 饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉对28日龄胡须鸡肠道微生物组成及LDA值分析

A:线性判别分析 linear discriminate analysis;B:LDA效应大小(LEfSe)树状图 cladogram of LDA effect size (LEfSe)。

Bacilli:芽孢杆菌纲;Oscillospira:颤螺旋菌属;Oscillospiraceae:颤螺旋菌科;norank_f_Christensenellaceae:未分级克里斯滕森菌科;Collinsella:柯林斯菌属;Brachybacterium:短杆菌属;Bacillales:芽孢杆菌目;Christensenellales:克里斯滕森菌目;Gordonibacter:戈登氏菌属;Oscillospirales:颤螺旋菌目;Flavobacteriales:黄杆菌目;Micrococcales:微球菌目;Christensenellaceae:克里斯滕森菌科;Dermabacteraceae:皮肤杆菌科;Desulfovibrionaceae:脱硫弧菌科;Erysipelotrichaceae:丹毒丝菌科;Monoglobales:单球菌目;Eubacteriaceae:真杆菌科;Monoglobaceae:单球菌科;Peptostreptococcaceae:消化链球菌科;Paludicola:沼泽微杆菌属;Turicibacter:苏黎世杆菌属;Flavobacteriaceae:黄杆菌科;Catenibacillus:链状芽孢杆菌属;Eubacterium:真杆菌属;Papillibacter:散生杆菌属。

Fig.5 Effects of supplementation with dandelion flavonoids and Euglena powder on gut microbial composition and LDA score analysis of 28-day-old Huxu chickens

3 讨论

3.1 饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮与裸藻粉对胡须鸡生长性能的影响

本试验结果表明,饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮及蒲公英黄酮与裸藻粉的联合应用可提高胡须鸡的末重和ADG,降低F/G,提高生长性能。以往研究表明,植物黄酮可有效改善畜禽生长性能,如沙葱黄酮可以提高肉羊ADG[18],大豆异黄酮可以显著增加文昌鸡的生长末重与ADG[19]。这些研究结果与本试验一致,这可能是因为植物黄酮可以通过调节肠道微生物结构,增加有益菌的丰度,通过改善肠道健康和增强机体免疫功能来促进动物生长[20]。此外,本试验研究发现,饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮与裸藻粉的试鸡,其生长性能优于蒲公英黄酮组,这可能与裸藻中具有较高含量的葡聚糖有关,在Qui等[21]的研究中,添加4%的β-葡聚糖对火鸡的生长性能具有显著提升;Teng等[22]研究同样发现,β-葡聚糖在起始阶段显著提高肉鸡生长性能。因此,饲粮中蒲公英黄酮以及蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉的联合应用可有效提高1~28日龄胡须鸡的生长性能,且与抗生素的作用无明显差异,显示良好“替抗”潜能。

3.2 饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉对胡须鸡器官指数与血浆免疫球蛋白含量的影响

在家禽饲养过程中,脏器指数是衡量器官形态情况和病变程度的重要指标,其变化能够反映机体代谢强弱及功能状态[23]。脾脏是家禽最大的外周免疫器官,参与全身的细胞和体液免疫[24];而肝脏等代谢排毒器官的变化则关系到家禽整体的生长发育情况[25]。本试验结果表明,添加蒲公英黄酮可以显著提高胡须鸡脾脏指数,蒲公英黄酮和裸藻粉的联合应用可以显著提高肝脏指数和脾脏指数。本试验结果与刘瑶等[26]研究结果一致,在该研究中饲粮添加蘘荷黄酮可以提高雏鸡的脾脏指数。动物体的免疫功能可以通过血浆中IgG含量来评价,在一定范围内,免疫球蛋白含量高则表明免疫功能强[27]。以往研究证实,植物黄酮可通过调节免疫球蛋白的分泌,调节机体免疫功能,如Che等[28]发现,在断奶仔猪模型中,黄芩黄酮可以显著提高血清IgG含量;饲粮中添加大豆异黄酮也能够改善牛血清免疫指标[29]。类似地,本研究中添加蒲公英黄酮与裸藻粉组的血浆IgG含量显著增加。上述结果说明,蒲公英黄酮能够促进免疫器官发育,而蒲公英黄酮与裸藻粉的联合应用可以促进免疫球蛋白分泌,对胡须鸡免疫功能具有一定的改善作用。

3.3 饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮与裸藻粉对胡须鸡抗氧化指标的影响

现代集约化高密度养殖导致家禽氧化应激频发,造成脂质过氧化、DNA损伤、细胞凋亡等,危害家禽健康,影响其生长性能和肉蛋质量。因此,机体内的抗氧化反应对维持机体基本的生命健康至关重要。GSH-Px是家禽体内抗氧化防御体系的核心酶之一,其能够减少过氧化反应,有效清除体内产生的过量活性氧;SOD是一种无处不在的抗氧化酶,可催化超氧自由基转化为过氧化氢(H2O2)[25],从而减少脂质过氧化产物MDA含量。在本研究中,添加蒲公英黄酮及蒲公英黄酮与裸藻粉的联合应用显著提高了胡须鸡肝脏与空肠的抗氧化酶(如T-SOD、GSH-Px)活性和T-AOC,降低了MDA含量,与AB组相比,显著增强胡须鸡的抗氧化能力。类似地,Shi等[30]发现,油蒿总黄酮可以逆转脂多糖(LPS)处理导致的肉鸡血清抗氧化指标(SOD、GSH-Px和T-AOC)的降低,这可能是因为植物黄酮能够清除自由基、抑制脂质过氧化反应,保护细胞免受氧化损伤[21]。另外,裸藻中内含叶绿素a、叶绿素b和角黄素,可增加细胞内还原电位,抑制活性氧和脂质过氧化的产生[31],有效增强抗氧化功能。本试验中,蒲公英黄酮与裸藻粉组也显示有效提高胡须鸡抗氧化能力的作用,且优于单一蒲公英黄酮组。

3.4 饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮与裸藻粉对胡须鸡肠道微生物多样性和结构的影响

肠道作为家禽消化和吸收营养的关键器官,其健康发育对家禽的生长至关重要[32],微生物的改变可影响病原的定植和感染状态[33]。本试验结果表明,与CON组相比,AB组肠道微生物α-多样性显著降低。饲粮中添加抗生素会导致肠道菌群失调,抗生素的杀菌作用导致肠道微生物平衡被破坏,有益菌数量减少,致病菌数量增加,危害动物机体健康[34-35]。而与抗生素相比,蒲公英黄酮及其与裸藻粉混合添加可提高肠道微生物α-多样性。Che等[36]的研究发现,藤茶总黄酮的添加显著增加小鼠肠道菌群多样性,这说明植物黄酮有利于促进肠道微生物丰度,能够更有效地促进肠道生态健康。添加植物提取物可以有效避免微生物丰度被破坏,促进肠道绒毛生长,降低疾病发生率[37],与抗生素相比,具有保护肠道生态多样性的积极作用。
本试验中,与CON组相比,AB组的厚壁菌门相对丰度显著下降;与AB组相比,FN组和FNEP组厚壁菌门相对丰度显著提高。厚壁菌门在肠道中具有多种重要功能,其中的某些细菌参与维持肠道屏障与肠道黏膜厚度,促进吸收,且厚壁菌门参与机体能量代谢和营养吸收,对调节免疫系统和影响宿主健康发挥关键作用[36,38]。本试验研究发现,在属水平上,与CON组相比,AB组厚壁菌门下的梭菌属、瘤胃球菌属和克里斯腾森菌科等相对丰度显著下降,而大肠埃希菌-志贺菌属相对丰度显著提高;与AB组相比,FN组和FNEP组上述微生物相对丰度呈相反变化。志贺氏菌是一种革兰氏阴性杆菌,能够引起一种名为“志贺氏菌病”的急性肠道传染病,Li等[39]发现,志贺氏菌的增殖是结核性脑膜炎患者肠道菌群失衡的一个显著特征。另外,本试验AB组中优势菌门是变形菌门,其相对丰度与机体疾病程度呈正相关[38];优势菌属柯林斯菌属是革兰阳性专性厌氧菌,可通过影响肠道微生物结构,升高脱硫弧菌属相对丰度,诱发小鼠炎症反应[40]。上述结果表明,饲粮中添加抗生素会降低有益微生物相对丰度,上调部分有害微生物相对丰度,而在本试验条件下,对比于抗生素处理,饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮或其与裸藻粉的联合应用可以显著提高肠道有益微生物相对丰度,并且降低志贺菌属这类有害微生物相对丰度,这可能是因为植物黄酮自身的抗菌、抗炎功能,能够选择性抑制有害菌的生长,同时促进有益菌的增殖,从而维持肠道微生态平衡[30]。例如,黄芩茶总黄酮能够促进有益菌(如双歧杆菌属和乳杆菌属)的生长,同时抑制有害菌(如变形菌门)的增殖[41]。在本试验中,相比于抗生素处理,饲粮中添加蒲公英黄酮或其与裸藻粉的联合应用能够有效调节肠道微生物多样性与相对丰度,改善微生物结构,维护肠道健康。

4 结论

饲粮中添加400 mg/kg蒲公英黄酮或200 mg/kg蒲公英黄酮与200 mg/kg裸藻粉的联合应用能够提高胡须鸡肝脏指数和脾脏指数,提高抗氧化能力,增加肠道微生物多样性,降低有害微生物相对丰度,改善肠道健康,从而提升生长性能,表现出良好的“抗生素替代”作用。在本试验中,蒲公英黄酮与裸藻粉混合添加对胡须鸡的作用效果更优。

References

Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within
[1]
苗韶纯, 牛晓雨, 邢媛媛, 等. 植物提取物的生物学功能及其对奶牛泌乳性能的调控作用[J/OL]. 中国畜牧杂志,1-13[2025-11-21].https://doi.org/10.19556/j.0258-7033.20241024-05.

MIAO S C, NIU X Y, XING Y Y, et al. Research progress on biological functions of plant extracts and their modulation role on lactation performance of dairy cows[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2025,1-13[2025-11-21].https://doi.org/10.19556/j.0258-7033.20241024-05. (in Chinese)

[2]
李鹏, 高铭坤, 呙于明. 植物提取物在家禽和猪生产中的应用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2022, 58(11):1-8.

LI P, GAO M K, GUO Y M. Advances in biological functions of plant extracts and its application in poultry and pig production[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2022, 58(11):1-8. (in Chinese)

[3]
ZHANG L L, LIANG E J, CHENG Y C, et al. Is combined medication with natural medicine a promising therapy for bacterial biofilm infection?[J]. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2020,128:110184.

[4]
ZHI K K, SUN Y, ZHAO H T, et al. Self-assembled supramolecular material derived from traditional Chinese medicine:injectable self-assembled natural product gel for drug delivery with biological activity[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2020,23:101149.

[5]
岳稳, 缪伏荣, 刘景, 等. 植物黄酮的生物活性及其在畜禽生产中的应用[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2023(15):31-35.

YUE W, MIAO F R, LIU J, et al. Biological activity of flavonoids and its application in livestock and poultry production[J]. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2023(15):31-35. (in Chinese)

[6]
杨槟煌, 黄玉兰, 戴聪杰, 等. 裸藻对戚风蛋糕品质及抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 食品与机械, 2024, 40(1):152-157.

YANG B H, HUANG Y L, DAI C J, et al. Effects of Euglena gracilis on the quality and antioxidant activity of chiffon cake[J]. Food and Machinery, 2024, 40(1):152-157. (in Chinese)

[7]
HARADA R, NOMURA T, YAMADA K, et al. Genetic engineering strategies for Euglena gracilis and its industrial contribution to sustainable development goals:a review[J]. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2020,8:790.

[8]
KIM K, EHRLICH A, PERNG V, et al. Algae-derived β-glucan enhanced gut health and immune responses of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E.coli[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2019,248:114-125.

[9]
LUO J Q, LIU S L, YU B, et al. Beta-glucan from Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 improves growth performance and intestinal function in weaned piglets[J]. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2019, 103(6):1818-1827.

DOI

[10]
杨馥嘉, 陈静, 刘显军, 等. 裸藻β-1,3-葡聚糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清炎症细胞因子含量及肠道菌群结构的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2024, 36(3):1588-1598.

DOI

YANG F J, CHEN J, LIU X J, et al. Effects of Euglena gracilis β-1,3-glucan on growth performance,serum inflammatory cytokine contents and intestinal flora structure of weaned piglets[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2024, 36(3):1588-1598. (in Chinese)

[11]
佚名. 中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2022年第33版)制订说明[J]. 中国饲料, 2022(23):109-119.

Anon. Introduction of tales of feed composition and nutritive valecs in China (2022 thirty-third edition)[J]. China Feed, 2022(23):109-119. (in Chinese)

[12]
中华人民共和国农业农村部. 黄羽肉鸡营养需要量:NY/T 3645—2020[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2020.

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. Nutrient requirements of yellow:NY/T 3645—2020[S]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2020. (in Chinese).

[13]
国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 饲料中粗蛋白的测定凯氏定氮法:GB/T 6432—2018[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018.

State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Determination of crude protein in feeds-Kjeldahl method:GB/T 6432—2018[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2018. (in Chinese)

[14]
国家市场监督管理总局, 中国标准化管理委员会. 饲料中钙的测定:GB/T 6436—2018[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018.

State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Determination of calcium in feeds:GB/T 6436—2018[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2018. (in Chinese)

[15]
国家市场监督管理总局, 中国标准化管理委员会. 饲料中总磷的测定分光光度法:GB/T 6437—2018[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018.

State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Determination of phosphorus in feeds-spectrophotometry:GB/T 6437—2018[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2018. (in Chinese)

[16]
WANG Y B, WANG Y, LIN X J, et al. Effects of Clostridium butyricum,sodium butyrate,and butyric acid glycerides on the reproductive performance,egg quality,intestinal health,and offspring performance of yellow-feathered breeder hens[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021,12:657542.

[17]
SEGATA N, IZARD J, WALDRON L, et al. Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation[J]. Genome Biology, 2011, 12(6):R60.

[18]
包玉荣.沙葱黄酮不同浓度乙醇洗脱组分对肉羊生长性能, 血液生化、抗氧化及免疫指标的影响[D]. 硕士学位论文. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2023.

BAO Y R. Effects of different components of Allium mongolicum regel flavonoids on growth performance,blood biochemical,antioxidant and immunity indexes of mutton sheep[D]. Master’s Thesis. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2023. (in Chinese)

[19]
王一冰, 顾丽红, 叶金玲, 等. 灵芝孢子粉和大豆异黄酮对文昌鸡生长性能、肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2021, 26(11):148-156.

WANG Y B, GU L H, YE J L, et al. Effects of spore powder of Ganoderma lucidum and soybean isoflavone on growth performance,meat quality,and antioxidant capacity of Wenchang chicken[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2021, 26(11):148-156. (in Chinese)

[20]
曾建腾, 范志聪, 张永亮. 植物提取物改善畜禽肠道菌群结构的研究进展[J]. 现代畜牧兽医, 2023(8):70-74.

ZENG J T, FAN Z C, ZHANG Y L. Research progress of plant extracts improving intestinal flora structure of livestock and poultry[J]. Modern Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023(8):70-74. (in Chinese)

[21]
QUI N H, LINH N T. Effects of dietary β-glucan and rice fermented on growth performance,fatty acids,and Newcastle disease immune response in Turkey broilers[J]. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2023, 30(8):103736.

DOI

[22]
TENG P Y, ADHIKARI R, LLAMAS-MOYA S, et al. Effects of combination of mannan-oligosaccharides and β-glucan on growth performance,intestinal morphology,and immune gene expression in broiler chickens[J]. Poultry Science, 2021, 100(12):101483.

DOI

[23]
郑旭. 槲皮万寿菊素对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响[D]. 硕士学位论文. 郑州: 河南农业大学, 2022.

ZHENG X. Effects of quercetagetin on growth performance,meat quality and antioxidant capacity of broilers[D]. Master’s Thesis. Zhengzhou: Henan Agricultural University, 2022. (in Chinese)

[24]
AHMAT M, CHENG J H, ABBAS Z, et al. Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LFB112 on growth performance,carcass traits,immune, and serum biochemical response in broiler chickens[J]. Antibiotics, 2021, 10(11):1427.

DOI

[25]
彭文文, 张美婷, 徐灏铖, 等. 地衣芽孢杆菌对大肠杆菌攻毒感染肉鸡免疫、抗氧化性能和肠道健康的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(7):3344-3356.

DOI

PENG W W, ZHANG M T, XU H C, et al. Effects of Bacillus licheniformis on immunity,antioxidant performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens challenged by Escherichia coli[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(7):3344-3356. (in Chinese)

[26]
刘瑶, 黄林, 贾哲, 等. 蘘荷黄酮对雏鸡生长性能、免疫功能、血浆生化指标及抗氧化功能的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2024, 47(13):53-57.

LIU Y, HUANG L, JIA Z, et al. Effects of Zingiber mioga flavonoids on growth performance,immune function,plasma biochemical indices,and antioxidant function of chicks[J]. Feed Research, 2025, 46(19):41-48. (in Chinese)

[27]
牛子义, 何涛, 吴玉臣, 等. 不同替抗方案对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液指标、肠道组织形态的影响[J]. 中国饲料, 2023(17):66-71.

NIU Z Y, HE T, WU Y C, et al. Effects of different combinations of antibiotic substitute on growth performance,blood indexes and intestinal tissue morphology of weaned piglets[J]. China Feed, 2023(17):66-71. (in Chinese)

[28]
CHE Y Y, LI L, KONG M G, et al. Dietary supplementation of Astragalus flavonoids regulates 10 intestinal immunology and the gut microbiota to improve growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets[J]. Front Immunol, 2024,15:1459342.

[29]
王建东, 于有利, 丁辉, 等. 大豆异黄酮对安格斯肉牛免疫性能、生殖激素水平和血清代谢物的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2025, 37(1):400-411.

DOI

WANG J D, YU Y L, DING H, et al. Effects of soybean isoflavone on immune performance,reproductive hormone levels and serum metabolites of Angus beef cattle[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2025, 37(1):400-411. (in Chinese)

[30]
SHI L L, JIN X, XU Y Q, et al. Effects of total flavonoids of Artemisia ordosica on growth performance,oxidative stress,and antioxidant status of lipopolysaccharide-challenged broilers[J]. Antioxidants, 2022, 11(10):1985.

DOI

[31]
BRUN P, PIOVAN A, CANIATO R, et al. Anti-inflammatory activities of Euglena gracilis extracts[J]. Microorganisms, 2021, 9(10):2058.

DOI

[32]
DUCATELLE R, GOOSSENS E, EECKHAUT V, et al. Poultry gut health and beyond[J]. Animal Nutrition, 2023,13:240-248.

[33]
解慧梅, 殷韶杰, 贾青辉, 等. 四黄散对鸡传染性支气管炎的治疗效果及肠道菌群的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(6):2904-2914.

DOI

XIE H M, YIN S J, JIA Q H, et al. Therapeutic effect of Sihuangsan on infectious bronchitis and its effect on intestinal flora in chickens[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(6):2904-2914. (in Chinese)

[34]
胡佳艳, 吕咪, 王凤云. 抗生素对肠易激综合征的影响及机制探讨[J]. 中国全科医学, 2023, 26(21):2666-2672.

DOI

HU J Y, LV M, WANG F Y. The exploration of the effects and mechanisms of antibiotics on irritable bowel syndrome[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(21):2666-2672. (in Chinese)

DOI

[35]
巢麟锋. 日粮添加肠杆菌肽对断奶仔猪生长、肠道发育和肠道菌群的影响[D]. 硕士学位论文. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2021.

CHAO L F. Effects of dietary supplementation of enterobacteriaceae on growth,intestinal development and intestinal microflora of weaned piglets[D]. Master’s Thesis. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2021. (in Chinese)

[36]
CHE Y Y, LI L, KONG M J, et al. Dietary supplementation of Astragalus flavonoids regulates intestinal immunology and the gut microbiota to improve growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2024,15:1459342.

[37]
隋明静. 植物提取复方制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫机能及肠道菌群的影响[D]. 硕士学位论文. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2019.

SUI M J. Effect of plant extract compound preparation on growth performance,immune function and intestina flora of weaned piglets[D]. Master’s Thesis. Baoding: Agricultural University of Hebei, 2019. (in Chinese)

[38]
XU R T, TAN C H, HE Y, et al. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in encephalitis:a Chinese pilot study[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2020,11:1994.

[39]
LI S S, GUO J D, LIU R M, et al. Predominance of Escherichia-Shigella in gut microbiome and its potential correlation with elevated level of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with tuberculous meningitis[J]. Microbiology Spectrum, 2022, 10(6):e0192622.

DOI

[40]
杨浩, 王烨, 王蟾月, 等. 产气柯林斯菌对小鼠血脂和炎症因子及肠道菌群的影响及相关性[J]. 热带医学杂志, 2023, 23(8):1048-1051,1064.

YANG H, WANG Y, WANG C Y, et al. Effects of Collinsella aerofaciens on blood lipids,inflammatory factors and gut microbiota in mice and their correlation[J]. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2023, 23(8):1048-1051,1064. (in Chinese)

[41]
ZHENG Y P, YANG K L, SHEN J, et al. Huangqin tea total flavonoids-gut microbiota interactions:based on metabolome and microbiome analysis[J]. Foods, 2023, 12(24):4410.

DOI

Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉

京ICP备17050989号-2
Copyright © Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, All Rights Reserved.
Tel: 010－62817823　E-mail: cjan@vip.163.com
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co., Ltd.