1 材料与方法
1.1 捻转血矛线虫
1.2 试验设计
图2 感染组绵羊粪便中虫卵数(平均值±标准差)Fig.2 Fecal egg counts of sheep in infected group (mean±SD) |
表1 饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the diet (DM basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |
| 油菜秸秆Rape straw | 20.00 |
| 小麦秸秆Wheat straw | 15.00 |
| 大豆荚皮Soybean pod skin | 25.00 |
| 玉米粉Ground corn | 20.35 |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 7.76 |
| 麦麸Wheat bran | 7.00 |
| 尿素Urea | 1.50 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.80 |
| 石粉Limestone | 0.49 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 2.10 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |
| 干物质(风干基础) DM (air-dry basis) | 89.45 |
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 8.38 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 12.36 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 43.51 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 24.62 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 3.25 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 8.77 |
| 钙Ca | 0.90 |
| 磷P | 0.45 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provides the following per kilogram of the diet:VA 9 000 IU, VD 3 000 IU, VE 40 mg, Cu 10 mg, Fe 30 mg, Zn 25 mg, I 0.5 mg, Se 0.2 mg, Co 0.2 mg。 2)代谢能为参照NY/T 816—2021计算得出,其他营养水平为实测值。ME is calculated according to NY/T 816—2021, while other nutrient levels are measured values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 样品采集
1.5 指标测定
1.5.1 饲粮营养成分测定
1.5.2 血细胞计数检测
1.5.3 外泌体提取与鉴定
1.5.4 外泌体miRNA测序
1.6 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 外泌体鉴定结果
图3 外泌体样本颗粒大小和浓度Size Information:粒径信息;Gating Range:分析范围;Total Events:总信号触发次数;Gating Events:有效外泌体数;% of all:占总体的百分比;Median:中位数;Mean:平均数;Std Dev.:标准差;Concentration Information:浓度信息;Particle Number:颗粒数量;Dilution Factor:稀释倍数;STD:标准品;Blank:空白;Sample:样品;STD Concentration:标准品浓度;Sample Flow Rate:样品流速;Sample Concentration:样品浓度;Corrected Ratio:校正比率;Events:信号触发次数;Size:粒径;FITC-H:FITC荧光强度;SS-H:侧向散射强度。 Fig.3 Particle size and concentration of exosome samples |
2.2 外泌体miRNA检测结果
表2 对照组和感染组血浆外泌体中的差异表达miRNATable 2 Differentially expressed miRNA in plasma exosomes between control and infected groups 个 |
| 取样时间 Sampling time | 差异表达miRNA数目 Differentially expressed miRNA number | 上调数目 Up-regulation number | 下调数目 Down-regulation number |
|---|---|---|---|
| 第28天Day 28 | 22 | 9 | 13 |
| 第56天Day 56 | 16 | 4 | 12 |
| 第70天Day 70 | 23 | 10 | 13 |
| 第98天Day 98 | 15 | 13 | 2 |
| 第126天Day 126 | 23 | 17 | 6 |
2.3 外泌体差异表达miRNA的聚类分析结果
图4 第28(A)、56(B)和70天(C)时对照组和感染组血浆外泌体差异表达miRNA的聚类分析HCI-1、HCI-2、HCI-3为感染组的3个样本,CON-1、CON-2、CON-3为对照组的3个样本。下图同。 Fig.4 Cluster analysis of differentially expressed miRNA in plasma exosomes between control and infected groups at days 28 (A), 56 (B) and 70 (C) HCI-1, HCI-2 and HCI-3 are three samples from the infected group, while CON-1, CON-2 and CON-3 are three samples from the control group. The same as below. |
2.4 外泌体差异表达miRNA靶基因的GO功能注释结果
图6 外泌体差异表达miRNA靶基因的GO功能分类(第28天)GO enrichment barplot:GO富集条形图;Gene number:基因数量;GO term:GO条目;Biological process:生物学过程;Cellular component:细胞组分;Molecular function:分子功能;regulation of transcription, DNA-templated:转录调控,DNA模板化;positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase Ⅱ:RNA聚合酶Ⅱ对转录的正向调控;proteolysis:蛋白质水解;protein phosphorylation:蛋白质磷酸化;signal transduction:信号转导;negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase Ⅱ:RNA聚合酶Ⅱ对转录的负向调控;positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated:转录正调控,DNA模板化;transmembrane transport:跨膜运输;Regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase Ⅱ:RNA聚合酶Ⅱ对转录的调控;negative regulation of apoptotic process:凋亡过程负向调控;negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated:转录负调控,DNA模板化;G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway:G蛋白偶联受体信号通路;ion transport:离子传输;protein ubiquitination:蛋白质泛素化;lipid metabolic process:脂质代谢过程;positive regulation of cell population proliferation:细胞群增殖的正向调节;phosphorylation:磷酸化作用;negative regulation of cell population proliferation:细胞群增殖的负向调节;intracellular signal transduction:细胞内信号传导;cell adhesion:细胞黏附;cell migration:细胞迁移;ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process:泛素依赖蛋白分解代谢过程;positive regulation of gene expression:基因表达的正向调控;apoptotic process:凋亡过程;spermatogenesis:精子形成;nucleus:细胞核;membrane:细胞膜;cytoplasm:细胞质;integral component of membrane:膜整合蛋白;cytosol:细胞溶质;nucleoplasm:核浆;plasma membrane:质膜;Golgi apparatus:高尔基体;mitochondrion:线粒体;intracellular membrane-bounded organelle:胞内膜结合细胞器;endoplasmic reticulum:内质网;nucleolus:细胞核;extracellular region:胞外区域;protein-containing complex:蛋白质复合物;extracellular space:胞外空间;protein binding:蛋白质结合;metal ion binding:金属离子结合;ATP binding:ATP结合;identical protein binding:相同的蛋白质结合;DNA binding:DNA结合;nucleotide binding:核苷酸结合;hydrolase activity:水解酶活性;zinc ion binding:锌离子结合;RNA binding:RNA结合;nucleic acid binding:核酸结合。下图同the same as below。 Fig.6 GO functional classification of target genes for differentially expressed miRNA in exosomes (day 28) |
图7 外泌体差异表达miRNA靶基因的GO功能分类(第56天)cellular response to DNA damage stimulus:细胞对DNA损伤刺激的反应;in utero embryonic development:胚胎在子宫内发育;positive regulation of cell migration:细胞迁移的正向调控;intracellular protein transport:细胞内蛋白质转运;positive regulation of apoptotic process:凋亡过程的正向调控;endoplasmic reticulum membrane:内质网膜。下图同 the same as below。 Fig.7 GO functional classification of target genes for differentially expressed miRNA in exosomes (day 56) |
图8 外泌体差异表达miRNA靶基因的GO功能分类(第70天)carbohydrate metabolic process:碳水化合物代谢过程;transferase activity:转移酶活性。下图同 the same as below。 Fig.8 GO functional classification of target genes for differentially expressed miRNA in exosomes (day 70) |
图9 外泌体差异表达miRNA靶基因的GO功能分类(第98天)Fig.9 GO functional classification of target genes for differentially expressed miRNA in exosomes (day 98) |
2.5 外泌体差异表达miRNA靶基因的KEGG富集分析结果
图11 外泌体差异表达miRNA靶基因的KEGG富集分析(第28天)Top 20 of KEGG enrichment:KEGG富集分析前20条通路;-log10(P-value):-log10(P值);Lysosome:溶酶体;Antigen processing and presentation:抗原加工提呈;AMPK signaling pathway:AMPK信号通路;Human papillomavirus infection:人类乳突病毒感染;Proteasome:蛋白酶体;Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum:内质网中的蛋白质加工;Epstein-Barr virus infection:EB病毒感染;Pathways in cancer:癌症信号通路;Thyroid hormone synthesis:甲状腺激素合成;Viral myocarditis:病毒性心肌炎;Regulation of actin cytoskeleton:肌动蛋白细胞骨架调节;Biosynthesis of amino acids:氨基酸的生物合成;Transcriptional misregulation in cancer:癌症中的转录失调;Herpes simplex virus 1 infection:单纯疱疹病毒1型感染;Phagosome:吞噬体;Cysteine and methionine metabolism:半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢;Fatty acid elongation:脂肪酸延长;Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids:不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成;Carbon metabolism:碳代谢;p53 signaling pathway:p53信号通路。下图同 the same as below。 Fig.11 KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed miRNA in exosomes (day 28) |
图12 外泌体差异表达miRNA靶基因的KEGG富集分析(第56天)Fatty acid metabolism:脂肪酸合成;Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis:糖基磷脂酰肌醇(GPI)锚定生物合成;IL-17 signaling pathway:白细胞介素-17信号通路;Glucagon signaling pathway:胰高血糖素信号通路;Neomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin biosynthesis:新霉素、卡那霉素和庆大霉素的生物合成;Gap junction:间隙连接;Fatty acid degradation:脂肪酸降解;2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism:2-氧羧酸代谢;Insulin secretion:胰岛素分泌;Central carbon metabolism in cancer:癌症的中心碳代谢;Pyrimidine metabolism:嘧啶代谢;Inflammatory bowel disease:炎症性肠病。下图同 the same as below。 Fig.12 KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed miRNA in exosomes (day 56) |
图13 外泌体差异表达miRNA靶基因的KEGG富集分析(第70天)Leishmaniasis:利什曼病;Thyroid hormone signaling pathway:甲状腺激素信号通路;Apoptosis:细胞凋亡;Th17 cell differentiation:Th17细胞分化;Alzheimer disease:阿尔茨海默病;Hedgehog signaling pathway:Hedgehog信号通路;Tuberculosis:结核病;Protein export:蛋白质外排;Cell adhesion molecules:细胞黏附分子;Type Ⅰ diabetes mellitus:Ⅰ型糖尿病。下图同 the same as below。 Fig.13 KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed miRNA in exosomes (day 70) |
图14 外泌体差异表达miRNA靶基因的KEGG富集分析(第98天)Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption:醛固酮调节的钠重吸收;Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption:抗利尿激素调节水的再吸收;Melanogenesis:黑素原生成;Prion disease:朊病毒疾病;Prostate cancer:前列腺癌;Parkinson disease:帕金森病;N-glycan biosynthesis:N-聚糖生物合成;Insulin resistance:胰岛素抵抗;Type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus:Ⅱ型糖尿病。下图同 the same as below。 Fig.14 KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed miRNA in exosomes (day 98) |
2.6 血细胞计数测定结果
表3 绵羊血液中血细胞计数Table 3 Blood cell counts in sheep’s blood |
| 项目 Items | 时间 Time | 组别Groups | 均值 标准误 SEM | P值P-value | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | 感染 Infected | 组别 Group | 时间 Time | 组别×时间 Group×time | |||||||||||
白细胞 WBC/(×109个/L) | 第28天Day 28 | 2.71 | 5.76 | 0.775 | 0.020 | <0.001 | 0.053 | ||||||||
| 第56天Day 56 | 5.55 | 8.20 | 0.699 | 0.023 | |||||||||||
| 第70天Day 70 | 9.11 | 12.03 | 0.534 | 0.003 | |||||||||||
| 第98天Day 98 | 8.68 | 9.62 | 1.005 | 0.522 | |||||||||||
| 第126天Day 126 | 8.23 | 7.00 | 0.968 | 0.390 | |||||||||||
淋巴细胞 LYM/(×109个/L) | 第28天Day 28 | 1.46 | 3.18 | 0.493 | 0.033 | <0.001 | 0.016 | ||||||||
| 第56天Day 56 | 3.64 | 5.73 | 0.514 | 0.017 | |||||||||||
| 第70天Day 70 | 5.80 | 8.29 | 0.356 | <0.001 | |||||||||||
| 第98天Day 98 | 6.55 | 6.21 | 0.792 | 0.769 | |||||||||||
| 第126天Day 126 | 6.91 | 5.80 | 0.781 | 0.340 | |||||||||||
单核细胞 MO/(×109个/L) | 第28天Day 28 | 0.51 | 0.22 | 0.221 | 0.002 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 第56天Day 56 | 0.48 | 0.36 | 0.064 | 0.207 | |||||||||||
| 第70天Day 70 | 0.58 | 0.67 | 0.095 | 0.490 | |||||||||||
| 第98天Day 98 | 0.46 | 0.60 | 0.058 | 0.122 | |||||||||||
| 第126天Day 126 | 0.77 | 0.74 | 0.115 | 0.865 | |||||||||||
粒细胞 GRA/(×109个/L) | 第28天Day 28 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.154 | 0.981 | <0.001 | 0.039 | ||||||||
| 第56天Day 56 | 1.43 | 2.11 | 0.233 | 0.065 | |||||||||||
| 第70天Day 70 | 2.73 | 3.08 | 0.201 | 0.253 | |||||||||||
| 第98天Day 98 | 1.67 | 2.81 | 0.378 | 0.058 | |||||||||||
| 第126天Day 126 | 0.55 | 0.33 | 0.097 | 0.138 | |||||||||||
嗜酸性粒细胞 ESO/(×109个/L) | 第28天Day 28 | 0.16 | 0.34 | 0.048 | 0.023 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 第56天Day 56 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.004 | 0.920 | |||||||||||
| 第70天Day 70 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.003 | 0.002 | |||||||||||
| 第98天Day 98 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.008 | 0.310 | |||||||||||
| 第126天Day 126 | 0.43 | 0.27 | 0.051 | 0.046 | |||||||||||
嗜碱性粒细胞 BASO/(×109个/L) | 第28天Day 28 | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.028 | 0.034 | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||||||||
| 第56天Day 56 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.003 | 0.253 | |||||||||||
| 第70天Day 70 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.005 | 0.596 | |||||||||||
| 第98天Day 98 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.006 | 0.414 | |||||||||||
| 第126天Day 126 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.004 | 0.337 | |||||||||||
红细胞 RBC/(×1012个/L) | 第28天Day 28 | 10.52 | 10.97 | 0.311 | 0.332 | <0.001 | 0.022 | ||||||||
| 第56天Day 56 | 9.71 | 9.68 | 0.304 | 0.960 | |||||||||||
| 第70天Day 70 | 9.88 | 8.29 | 0.454 | 0.033 | |||||||||||
| 第98天Day 98 | 10.94 | 9.81 | 0.520 | 0.154 | |||||||||||
| 第126天Day 126 | 3.97 | 2.17 | 0.328 | 0.003 | |||||||||||
血红蛋白 HGB/(g/L) | 第28天Day 28 | 134.97 | 126.04 | 6.825 | 0.377 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 第56天Day 56 | 125.76 | 121.51 | 3.361 | 0.393 | |||||||||||
| 第70天Day 70 | 123.83 | 108.46 | 4.240 | 0.028 | |||||||||||
| 第98天Day 98 | 139.33 | 116.44 | 6.632 | 0.035 | |||||||||||
| 第126天Day 126 | 213.93 | 136.30 | 13.672 | 0.003 | |||||||||||
血小板 PLT/(×109个/L) | 第28天Day 28 | 2 024.39 | 1 426.14 | 428.375 | 0.347 | <0.001 | 0.301 | ||||||||
| 第56天Day 56 | 302.44 | 353.20 | 42.301 | 0.416 | |||||||||||
| 第70天Day 70 | 240.50 | 311.51 | 26.672 | 0.089 | |||||||||||
| 第98天Day 98 | 325.81 | 361.96 | 23.861 | 0.309 | |||||||||||
| 第126天Day 126 | 653.07 | 823.85 | 62.031 | 0.080 | |||||||||||
2.7 外泌体差异表达miRNA与血细胞的相关性分析结果
图16 第28(A)、56(B)和70天(C)时外泌体差异表达miRNA与血细胞的相关性分析Fig.16 Correlation analysis of differentially expressed miRNA in exosomes and blood cells at days 28 (A), 56 (B) and 70 (C) |
