1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 含量Content | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1~23日龄 1 to 23 days of age | 24~42日龄 24 to 42 days of age | ||||
| 原料Ingredients | |||||
| 玉米Corn | 56.45 | 61.25 | |||
| 豆粕Soybean meal (CP 43%) | 30.00 | 25.00 | |||
| 玉米蛋白粉Corn gluten meal | 5.00 | 5.10 | |||
| 豆油Soybean oil | 4.80 | 4.90 | |||
| 石粉Limestone | 1.20 | 1.20 | |||
| 碳酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.60 | 1.60 | |||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 | 0.30 | |||
| DL-赖氨酸DL-Lys | 0.15 | 0.15 | |||
| 氯化胆碱 Choline chloride (70%) | 0.30 | 0.30 | |||
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.20 | 0.20 | |||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 13.13 | 13.37 | |||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 20.96 | 18.53 | |||
| 钙Ca | 1.05 | 1.02 | |||
| 有效磷AP | 0.75 | 0.73 | |||
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets: VA 50 000 IU,VD3 10 000 IU,VE 75.0 mg,VK 19.8 mg,VB1 9.6 mg,VB2 3.6 mg,VB6 19.2 mg,VB12 0.11 mg,生物素 biotin 2.5 mg,叶酸 folic acid 5.0 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenic acid 58.5 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 198.0 mg,Cu 4.2 mg,Fe 40.3 mg,Mn 50.5 mg,Zn 37.2 mg,I 0.22 mg。 |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 测定指标与方法
1.4.1 生长性能
1.4.2 血清抗氧化指标
1.4.3 免疫器官指数
1.4.4 屠宰性能和肉品质
1.4.5 肠道形态
1.4.6 肠道菌群
1.5 数据统计与分析
2 结果
2.1 丁酸梭菌对坝上长尾鸡生长性能的影响
表2 丁酸梭菌对坝上长尾鸡生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance of Bashang long-tailed chickens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | ||
| 平均日增重ADG/(g/d) | 12.80±0.18b | 12.88±1.24b | 13.50±1.02a | 12.86±1.72b | 0.022 |
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 64.95±0.48 | 65.27±0.81 | 64.95±0.72 | 65.00±0.33 | 0.478 |
| 料重比F/G | 5.07±0.02a | 5.06±0.04a | 4.81±0.03b | 5.05±0.02a | 0.044 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 丁酸梭菌对坝上长尾鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响
表3 丁酸梭菌对坝上长尾鸡血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 3 Effects of Clostridium butyricum on serum antioxidant indices of Bashang long-tailed chickens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | ||
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mL) | 3.83±0.73b | 3.89±0.18b | 4.28±0.96ab | 4.31±0.43a | 0.044 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mL) | 5.03±1.20a | 4.76±0.48a | 4.32±0.64b | 4.46±1.35b | 0.023 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 178.32±12.76b | 198.32±10.36ab | 199.38±37.36a | 181.13±13.98b | 0.040 |
| 总超氧化物歧化酶T-SOD/(U/mL) | 189.38±5.86b | 194.04±16.49b | 196.08±18.70ab | 198.71±15.78a | 0.030 |
2.3 丁酸梭菌对坝上长尾鸡免疫器官指数的影响
表4 丁酸梭菌对坝上长尾鸡免疫器官指数的影响Table 4 Effects of Clostridium butyricum on immune organ indices of Bashang long-tailed chickens g/kg |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | ||
| 胸腺指数Thymus index | 2.15±0.04b | 2.30±0.07b | 2.53±0.03a | 2.55±0.05a | 0.044 |
| 脾脏指数Spleen index | 0.52±0.05b | 0.55±0.04b | 0.61±0.02a | 0.60±0.06a | 0.038 |
| 法氏囊指数Bursa of Fabricius index | 1.60±0.03b | 1.67±0.05b | 1.70±0.02a | 1.71±0.04a | 0.029 |
2.4 丁酸梭菌对坝上长尾鸡屠宰性能和肉品质的影响
表5 丁酸梭菌对坝上长尾鸡屠宰性能和肉品质的影响Table 5 Effects of Clostridium butyricum on slaughter performance and meat quality of Bashang long-tailed chickens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | ||||||||
| 屠宰率Dressing percentage/% | 90.94±0.44c | 95.34±0.58b | 96.67±5.60a | 96.20±1.56a | 0.041 | ||||||
| 半净膛率Half eviscerated percentage/% | 83.82±1.65c | 89.08±0.85b | 92.93±5.45a | 90.03±1.32b | 0.033 | ||||||
| 全净膛率Eviscerated percentage/% | 73.54±1.63c | 78.02±0.84b | 82.13±5.43a | 81.54±2.43a | 0.047 | ||||||
| 胸肌率Breast muscle percentage/% | 77.53±1.34c | 82.78±0.76b | 83.35±3.43b | 85.89±5.78a | 0.032 | ||||||
| 腿肌率Leg muscle percentage/% | 72.37±1.57c | 77.57±0.56b | 81.65±5.04a | 78.45±3.24b | 0.024 | ||||||
| pH (45 min) | 5.85±0.05 | 5.92±0.03 | 5.94±0.06 | 5.98±0.05 | 0.078 | ||||||
| pH (24 h) | 5.32±0.02 | 5.38±0.03 | 5.39±0.05 | 5.36±0.03 | 0.069 | ||||||
| 红度a* | 10.03±1.38c | 15.35±1.40b | 18.63±1.45a | 16.55±1.42b | 0.047 | ||||||
| 亮度L* | 64.78±10.28a | 60.34±10.32b | 57.67±10.43c | 59.68±10.58b | 0.035 | ||||||
| 黄度b* | 20.05±3.37a | 18.79±2.87b | 17.98±3.30c | 17.46±2.35c | 0.038 | ||||||
| 剪切力Shear force/N | 87.48±4.73 | 90.86±5.32 | 89.43±4.25 | 89.68±5.23 | 0.083 | ||||||
| 滴水损失Drip loss/% | 1.97±0.07a | 1.75±0.04b | 1.78±0.06b | 1.70±0.09c | 0.022 | ||||||
2.5 丁酸梭菌对坝上长尾鸡肠道形态和肠道菌群的影响
表6 丁酸梭菌对坝上长尾鸡肠道形态的影响Table 6 Effects of Clostridium butyricum on intestinal morphology of Bashang long-tailed chickens |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |||
| 十二指肠 Duodenum | 绒毛高度VH/μm | 1 503.48±54.59c | 1 557.58±78.59b | 1 575.79±74.29a | 1 580.18±78.22a | 0.012 |
| 隐窝深度CD/μm | 270.64±25.57 | 263.09±26.53 | 257.06±28.38 | 268.13±26.54 | 0.440 | |
| 绒隐比VH/CD | 4.40±0.56c | 4.76±0.62b | 4.88±0.52a | 4.65±0.61a | 0.023 | |
| 空肠 Jejunum | 绒毛高度VH/μm | 1 182.41±87.63c | 1 248.19±93.58a | 1 234.61±76.52b | 1 265.99±90.25a | 0.027 |
| 隐窝深度CD/μm | 258.03±18.90 | 252.53±24.52 | 249.39±32.732 | 45.25±30.20 | 0.145 | |
| 绒隐比VH/CD | 3.47±0.48c | 3.82±0.74a | 3.64±0.82b | 3.91±0.69a | 0.031 | |
表7 丁酸梭菌对坝上长尾鸡肠道菌群的影响Table 7 Effects of Clostridium butyricum on intestinal flora of Bashang long-tailed chickens lg(CFU/g) |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值 P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | |||
盲肠 Cecum | 大肠杆菌Escherichia coli | 6.34±0.12a | 6.17±0.12b | 5.95±0.17c | 5.86±0.11c | 0.022 |
| 乳酸杆菌Lactobacillus | 6.59±0.02c | 6.85±0.03b | 7.07±0.03a | 7.05±0.09a | 0.014 | |
回肠 Ileum | 大肠杆菌Escherichia coli | 8.63±0.06a | 8.37±0.09b | 8.08±0.11b | 8.06±0.08b | 0.038 |
| 乳酸杆菌Lactobacillus | 8.36±0.06c | 8.69±0.07b | 8.83±0.09a | 8.85±0.08a | 0.045 | |
