1 CA的来源与化学结构
1.1 CA的来源与提取方法
1.2 CA的化学结构
2 CA的抗氧化作用机制
2.1 直接清除自由基
2.2 调控脂质合成与代谢
2.3 增强抗氧化酶系统功能
2.4 调控氧化应激相关信号通路
2.4.1 Nrf2通路的激活
2.4.2 NF-κB与MAPK通路的抑制
2.4.3 通路间的交互协同网络
图2 鼠尾草酸参与氧化应激信号通路LPS:脂多糖 lipopolysaccharide;TNF-α:肿瘤坏死因子-α tumor necrosis factor-α;ROS:活性氧 reactive oxygen species;CA:鼠尾草酸 carnosic acid;Keap1:Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1;Cys:半胱氨酸 cysteine;Nrf2:核因子红细胞2相关因子2 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2;MAPK:丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 mitogen activated protein kinase;ISR:整合应激反应 integrated stress response;ATF4:激活转录因子4 activating transcription factor 4;p62/ZIP:自噬受体蛋白p62与ZRT/IRT样蛋白sequestosome 1 and ZRT-/IRT-like protein;TrkA:原肌球蛋白受体激酶A tropomyosin receptor kinase A;p38:p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase;PI3K:激活磷脂酰肌醇3激酶 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase;Akt:蛋白激酶B protein kinase B;NF-κB:核因子-κB nuclear factor-κB;p-IKKα/β:磷酸化核因子-κB抑制蛋白激酶α/β phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB inhibitor protein kinase α/β;p-IκBα:磷酸化核因子-κB抑制蛋白α phosphorylated inhibitor of nuclear factor κBα;p-p38:磷酸化p38 phosphorylated p38;ERK:细胞外信号调节激酶 extracellular signal-regulated kinase;JNK:c-Jun氨基末端激酶 c-Jun amino-terminal kinase;STAT3:信号转导与转录激活因子3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3;sMaf:小Maf蛋白 small Maf proteins;ARE:抗氧化应答元件 antioxidant response element;p-NF-κB p65 磷酸化核因子-κB p65亚基 phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB p65 subunit;HO-1:血红素氧合酶-1 heme oxygenase-1;NQO1:依赖还原型辅酶Ⅰ(Ⅱ)醌氧化还原酶1 NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1;GCLC:谷氨酸-半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit;GSTP:谷胱甘肽S-转移酶π glutathione S-transferase pi;IL-6:白细胞介素-6 interleukin-6;IL-1β:白细胞介素-1β interleukin-1β;FAS:Fas细胞表面死亡受体 Fas cell surface death receptor;MDA:丙二醛 malondialdehyde;SOD:超氧化物歧化酶 superoxide dismutase;CAT:过氧化氢酶 catalase;GPx:谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 glutathione peroxidase;GSH:还原性谷胱甘肽 glutathione。 Fig.2 Carnosic acid regulates the oxidative stress signaling pathways |

表示氧化应激中机体产生ROS的过程 represents the process by which the body produces ROS during oxidative stress;
表示CA通过Nrf2-NF-κB-MAPK协同发挥作用的过程 represents the process by which CA exerts its effects through the Nrf2-NF-κB-MAPK synergy;
表示激活和促进作用 indicates activation and promotion effects;
表示负向调控和阻断作用 indicates negative regulation and blocking effects;
表示上调表达水平 indicates an upregulated expression level;
表示下调表达水平 indicates a downregulated expression level。