Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2026 , Vol. 38 >Issue 6: 4424 - 4433

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2026.355

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Solid-State Fermented Black Soldier Fly Dried Larva Meal on Growth Performance, Body Composition, Serum Antioxidant Indices and Intestinal Tissue Structure of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

  • HUANG Wenqing , 1 ,
  • LI Guoli 1 ,
  • WANG Menghua 1 ,
  • GAO Hongyan 2 ,
  • CHEN Guiqiong 1 ,
  • XU Fengmeng 1 ,
  • LIU Gang 1 ,
  • HUANG Yanhua , 1, 2, *
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  • 1 Guangzhou Fishtech Fisheries Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510640, China
  • 2 Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
* professor, E-mail:

Received date: 2025-11-12

  Online published: 2026-06-13

Fold

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of solid-state fermented black soldier fly dried larva meal on growth performance, body composition, serum antioxidant indices and intestinal tissue structure of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). A total of 420 channel catfish with an initial average weight of (34.08±0.01) g were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 35 fish in each replicate. Each group was fed isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets supplemented with 0 (H0 group), 1.04% (H1 group), 2.08% (H2 group) and 3.12% (H3 group) solid-state fermented black soldier fly dried larva meal, respectively. The experimental period was 60 days. The results showed that compared with the H0 group, the final body weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate of H1 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed coefficient rate was significantly decreased (P<0.05); the whole fish ether extract content of H2 and H3 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the whole fish moisture content of H3 group was significantly decreased (P<0.05); the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in serum of H1 to H3 groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum total antioxidant capacity of H1 group was significantly increased (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in intestinal villus height and muscular thickness among all groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, adding 1.04% to 3.12% solid-state fermented black soldier fly dried larva meal to the diet can improve the growth performance of channel catfish, enhance the body antioxidant capacity, and increase the body fat deposition, while has no negative impact on the intestinal tissue structure. Under the conditions of this experiment, it is recommended that the appropriate supplemental level of solid-state fermented black soldier fly dried larva meal in diet for channel catfish is 1.04%.

Key words： fermented black soldier fly; channel catfish; growth performance; body composition; antioxidant index; intestinal tissue structure

Cite this article

HUANG Wenqing , LI Guoli , WANG Menghua , GAO Hongyan , CHEN Guiqiong , XU Fengmeng , LIU Gang , HUANG Yanhua . Effects of Solid-State Fermented Black Soldier Fly Dried Larva Meal on Growth Performance, Body Composition, Serum Antioxidant Indices and Intestinal Tissue Structure of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2026 , 38(6) : 4424 -4433 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2026.355

斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)是我国重要淡水养殖鱼类,因生长快、适应性强、肉质优良广受青睐[1]。随着水产养殖规模扩大,鱼粉等传统蛋白质源日趋紧张,且价格波动大,开发新型可持续蛋白质原料已成为水产饲料研究热点。黑水虻(Hermetia illucens)幼虫富含蛋白质和脂肪,氨基酸组成均衡,是极具潜力的动物蛋白质原料替代源[2]。早期基于其营养学特性,黑水虻饲料应用研究主要集中于以昆虫蛋白质源替代鱼粉的水产饲料领域,已有研究报道了全脂或脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉在大口黑鲈[3-4]、杂交鳜[5]、杂交鳢[6]、黄颡鱼[7]、鲫鱼[8]、河蟹[9]、中华鳖[10]等水产动物饲料中的应用,证实了其可行性。然而,黑水虻幼虫原料中的几丁质抗营养因子[11-12],可能限制其在水产动物饲料中的应用。
生物发酵技术是在可控条件下利用微生物对目标原料进行预处理,可有效降解抗营养因子,提高蛋白质消化利用率,还能产生益生元、活性肽等有益物质,改善饲料品质[13]。本团队近年研究发现,发酵黑水虻(鲜虫浆)应用于大口黑鲈[14]、杂交鳢[15]、斑点叉尾鮰[16]和凡纳滨对虾[17]等水产动物饲料,可促进生长、增强免疫力。固态发酵是无或近无游离水固态基质上的微生物营养转化过程,与传统发酵(如液态发酵)核心原理一致,但更适配高蛋白质、高密度的黑水虻干虫粉,且产物浓度高、能耗低;二者差异在于,固态发酵需精准调控水分、通气量以降解黑水虻甲壳素,传统发酵则侧重解决植酸等常规抗营养因子。关于固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉在水产动物饲料中的应用研究报道尚少。因此,本研究在饲料中添加不同水平固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉,探讨其对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能、体成分、血清抗氧化指标和肠道组织结构的影响,填补该原料在水产饲料中应用的研究空白,明确固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉的应用特性,为其在斑点叉尾鮰饲料中的科学应用及不同工艺黑水虻发酵产品开发提供理论支撑。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

斑点叉尾鮰鱼苗购自清远市绿之源渔业科技有限公司,批号:ZK20242202。固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉由广州飞禧特生物科技有限公司提供,选用8日龄黑水虻幼虫干虫经过粉碎、复配、灭菌、含水量与pH调节、接种、发酵和干燥等工艺流程制作而成。固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉营养成分见表1。
表1 固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉营养成分(风干基础)

Table 1 Nutritional components of solid-state fermented black soldier fly dried larva meal (air-dry basis) %

项目 Items 含量 Content 项目 Items 含量 Content
粗蛋白质 CP 30.93 水分 Moisture 8.09
粗脂肪 EE 19.92 粗灰分 Ash 21.80
小肽 SP 14.92 天门冬氨酸 Asp 2.89
葵酸 C10∶0 0.77 谷氨酸 Glu 2.06
月桂酸 C12∶0 22.05 丝氨酸 Ser 0.82
肉豆蔻酸 C14∶0 4.10 组氨酸 His 0.43
十五烷酸 C15∶0 0.11 甘氨酸 Gly 1.59
棕榈酸 C16∶0 17.02 苏氨酸 Thr 0.72
棕榈油酸 C16∶1 1.92 精氨酸 Arg 1.34
十七烷酸 C17∶0 0.35 丙氨酸 Ala 2.85
十八烷酸 C18∶0 3.07 酪氨酸 Tyr 2.09
油酸 C18∶1 18.54 缬氨酸 Val 1.77
亚油酸 C18∶2 20.24 蛋氨酸 Met 0.46
α-亚麻酸 C18∶3n-3 1.50 苯丙氨酸 Phe 1.37
花生酸 C20∶0 0.11 异亮氨酸 Ile 1.29
花生一烯酸 C20∶1 0.19 亮氨酸 Leu 1.99
花生四烯酸 C20∶4 0.37 赖氨酸 Lys 1.06
二十碳五烯酸 C20∶5 0.35 总氨基酸 TAA 22.74

1.2 试验设计

选取初始体重为(34.08±0.01) g的斑点叉尾鮰420尾,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复35尾。各组分别投喂添加0(H0组)、1.04%(H1组)、2.08%(H2组)和3.12%(H3组)固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉的等氮等脂试验饲料。试验期60 d。
以国产鱼粉等为主要蛋白质源,鱼油等为主要脂肪源,配制试验饲料,其组成及营养水平见表2。配料前鱼粉、鸡肉粉和豆粕等原料用万能粉碎机(20B型,江苏瑰宝集团有限公司)粉碎并过60目筛网,米糠粕、复合预混料、氯化胆碱、磷酸二氢钙和固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉按配方添加比例逐级扩大混合,再将全部原料(除了鱼油和豆油)搅拌混合25 min,混匀后采用膨化机(TSE-65S型,北京现代洋工机械科技发展有限公司)进行调质(85 ℃)、膨化(130 ℃)和制粒(2.0 mm膜孔),试验饲料烘干后,置于八角滚筒机(河北大普机械制造有限公司)中进行喷油。
表2 试验饲料组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis) %

项目
Items		 组别 Groups
H0 H1 H2 H3
原料 Ingredients
国产鱼粉 Domestic fish meal 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00
鸡肉粉 Chicken meal 15.00 15.00 14.00 13.50
豆粕 Soybean meal 28.00 28.00 28.00 28.00
菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00
高筋面粉 High-gluten flour 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00
米糠粕 Rice bran meal 2.50 1.66 1.82 1.48
鱼油 Fish oil 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
豆油 Soybean oil 4.00 3.80 3.60 3.40
复合预混料 Compound premix1) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
氯化胆碱 Choline chloride 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
磷酸二氢钙 Ca(H2PO4)2 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉
Solid-state fermented black soldier fly dried larva meal		 1.04 2.08 3.12
合计 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
营养水平 Nutrient levels2)
粗蛋白质 CP 34.42 34.62 34.33 34.29
粗脂肪 EE 9.78 9.85 9.81 9.83
粗灰分 Ash 9.45 9.63 9.41 9.52
水分 Moisture 6.42 6.38 6.48 6.53

1)每千克复合预混料含有 One kilogram of compound premix contained the following:VA 400 000 IU,VD3 200 000 IU,VE 2 g,VB1 0.5 g,VB2 1 g,VB6 0.6 g,VB12 2 mg,L-抗坏血酸-2-磷酸酯 L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate 6.5 g,FeSO4 6.5 g,CuSO4 1.88 g,MnSO4 2.61 g,ZnSO4 9.92 g,CoSO4 329 mg。
2)营养水平为实测值。Nutrient levels were measured values.

1.3 饲养管理

养殖试验在广东省农业科学院白云试验基地进行。试验鱼在网箱(深×长×宽=2.0 m×1.5 m×1.5 m)中进行饲养,每天定时(08:30和16:30)定量投喂对应的试验饲料,根据实际摄食情况调整日投饵量,若有剩料,投喂1 h后捞取,剩料集中烘干称重。养殖试验期间水环境的pH在7.4~8.2,氨氮含量<0.4 mg/L,水温在28.35~35.50 ℃。养殖试验期间有死亡时及时将死鱼捞出称重,并做好各项指标数据记录。

1.4 样品采集

在养殖试验结束后禁食24 h,进行样品采集。称取每个单元网箱中存活鱼的总重量,并记录存活鱼尾数,用于统计生长性能。选取6尾接近平均体重的试验鱼,用于统计形体指标,并采集中肠用于肠道组织结构检测。选取8尾接近平均体重的试验鱼,尾静脉采血,血液常温静止1.5 h,2 200×g离心15 min分离血清,分装后在-80 ℃冰箱保存,用于血清抗氧化指标检测。

1.5 指标检测

1.5.1 生长性能和形体指标

相关指标计算公式如下:
增重率(weight gain rate,WGR,%)=100×(终末体重-初始体重)/初始体重;
特定生长率(specific growth rate,SGR,%/d)=100×(ln终末体重-ln初始体重)/饲养天数;
饲料系数(feed coefficient rate,FCR)=饲料总采食量/(终末总重+死鱼总重-初始总重);
成活率(survival rate,SR,%)=100×终末尾数/初始尾数;
肥满度(condition factor,CF,g/cm3)=100×体重/体长3;
脏体比(viscerosomatic index,VSI,%)=100×内脏重/体重;
肝体比(hepatosomatic index,HSI,%)=100×肝脏重/体重。

1.5.2 饲料营养成分和体成分

粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、水分和粗灰分含量分别参照GB/T 6432—2018、GB/T 6433—2006、GB/T 6435—2014和GB/T 6438—2007的方法检测。

1.5.3 血清抗氧化指标

血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及丙二醛(MDA)含量采用试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)检测。

1.5.4 肠道组织结构

肠道绒毛高度和肌层厚度测定方法如下:组织样品经切片制作后,用全景切片扫描仪(PANNORAMIC,匈牙利3DHSITECH公司)进行观察,并通过Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件测定。

1.6 数据统计分析

试验数据利用GNU PSPP软件进行统计分析,先进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),若组间差异显著,再进行Duncan氏法多重比较。数据用“平均值±标准差”表示,P<0.05为差异显著。

2 结果

2.1 固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能和形体指标的影响

由表3可知,与H0组相比,H1组FBW、WGR和SGR显著升高(P<0.05),FCR显著降低(P<0.05);H2和H3组FBW、WGR和SGR略有升高,FCR略有降低,但差异未达显著水平(P>0.05)。各组之间SR、CF、VSI和HSI均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表3 固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能和形体指标的影响

Table 3 Effects of solid-state fermented black soldier fly dried larva meal on growth performance and body indices of channel catfish

项目
Items		 组别 Groups
H0 H1 H2 H3
初始均重 IBW/g 34.08±0.01 34.09±0.01 34.08±0.01 34.08±0.01
终末体重 FBW/g 102.97±2.31b 118.29±2.07a 107.27±1.57b 107.25±2.88b
增重率 WGR/% 202.03±24.35b 246.92±22.01a 214.67±27.08ab 214.74±8.34ab
特定生长率 SGR/(%/d) 1.84±0.14b 2.07±0.11a 1.91±0.15ab 1.91±0.04ab
饲料系数 FCR 1.42±0.17a 1.13±0.09b 1.30±0.13ab 1.34±0.17ab
存活率 SR/% 100.00±0.00 99.05±1.65 99.05±1.65 100.00±0.00
肥满度 CF/(g/cm3) 1.41±0.07 1.44±0.03 1.42±0.02 1.42±0.02
脏体比 VSI/% 9.22±0.44 9.20±0.71 9.44±1.28 9.25±0.65
肝体比 HSI/% 1.51±0.01 1.53±0.08 1.50±0.07 1.55±0.02

同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。

In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below.

2.2 固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉对斑点叉尾鮰体成分的影响

由表4可知,与H0组相比,H3组全鱼水分含量显著降低(P<0.05),H2和H3组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著升高(P<0.05)。各组之间全鱼粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表4 固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉对斑点叉尾鮰体成分的影响(湿重基础)

Table 4 Effects of solid-state fermented black soldier fly dried larva meal on body composition of channel catfish (wet weight basis) %

项目
Items		 组别 Groups
H0 H1 H2 H3
水分 Moisture 65.72±0.43a 65.83±0.47a 65.13±0.22ab 64.89±0.29b
粗蛋白质 CP 18.36±0.36 18.37±0.71 18.28±0.23 18.11±0.22
粗脂肪 EE 10.71±0.29b 10.98±0.67b 12.17±0.35a 12.39±0.37a
粗灰分 Ash 4.02±0.11 4.06±0.29 4.12±0.14 4.08±0.28

2.3 固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉对斑点叉尾鮰血清抗氧化指标的影响

由表5可知,与H0组相比,H1、H2和H3组血清CAT、GSH-Px和SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05),H1组血清T-AOC显著升高(P<0.05)。各组之间血清MDA含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表5 固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉对斑点叉尾鮰血清抗氧化指标的影响

Table 5 Effects of solid-state fermented black soldier fly dried larva meal on serum antioxidant indices of channel catfish

项目
Items		 组别 Groups
H0 H1 H2 H3
过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) 8.13±0.93d 10.44±0.63c 17.57±1.21a 15.82±0.53b
总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) 0.76±0.09b 1.03±0.09a 0.87±0.09b 0.82±0.04b
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) 217.55±8.54b 243.01±10.62a 238.62±9.93a 238.07±5.51a
超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) 36.28±0.79b 41.44±2.12a 41.34±1.99a 41.94±0.49a
丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) 4.99±0.92 4.86±0.9 4.92±0.56 4.74±0.70

2.4 固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉对斑点叉尾鮰肠道组织结构的影响

由表6可知,各组之间肠道绒毛高度和肌层厚度均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表6 固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉对斑点叉尾鮰肠道组织结构的影响

Table 6 Effects of solid-state fermented black soldier fly dried larva meal on intestinal tissue structure of channel catfishμm

项目
Items		 组别 Groups
H0 H1 H2 H3
绒毛高度 Villus height 638.01±13.35 640.19±17.17 635.76±17.86 639.86±3.88
肌层厚度 Muscular thickness 115.95±8.37 116.42±10.23 114.61±6.16 116.19±4.06

3 讨论

3.1 固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能和形体指标的影响

本研究发现,饲料中添加1.04%固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉可提升斑点叉尾鮰生长性能及饲料利用效率,而添加2.08%~3.12%固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能和饲料利用效率提高效果不明显。该促生长效果或与黑水虻幼虫干虫粉发酵后的营养价值提升相关。直接适量添加未经发酵处理的黑水虻干幼虫粉对水产动物生长无影响,过量添加会抑制水产动物生长[18-19],原因多与其所含几丁质有关[11,20-21]。本团队此前在大口黑鲈[14]、杂交鳢[15]、叉尾鮰[16]饲料中添加发酵黑水虻(鲜虫浆)的研究结果证实,其可促进生长,与本研究结果一致。微生物发酵可降解黑水虻中的大分子蛋白质、脂肪为易吸收的功能性小分子(多肽、氨基酸、游离脂肪酸等),并降解抗营养因子几丁质,还可产生消化酶、益生菌及代谢产物,进而提升饲料营养价值与适口性,促进鱼体营养吸收[22-24]。本研究中,饲料中添加1.04%固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉显著降低了斑点叉尾鮰FCR,表明饲料转化效率的提高;但饲料中添加2.08%~3.12%固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能无显著影响,表明固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉存在适宜添加水平范围,过量添加或因氨基酸平衡改变及特定脂肪酸、残留几丁质等因子累积,使促生长效应趋缓甚至下降。此外,各组之间CF、VSI和HSI等形体指标均无显著差异,表明在本试验添加水平范围内,固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉未对鱼体的体型和内脏发育产生不利影响,鱼体生长匀称,机体健康未受影响。

3.2 固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉对斑点叉尾鮰体成分的影响

体成分反映了鱼机体对营养物质的沉积情况。本研究结果显示,饲料中添加2.08%和3.12%固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉显著提高了斑点叉尾鮰全鱼粗脂肪含量,这一结果与以往研究报道的饲料中添加发酵黑水虻可一定程度地提高大口黑鲈[14]和斑点叉尾鮰[16]体成分中粗脂肪含量的结果相似。这可能与黑水虻幼虫本身脂肪(虫油)含量较高及其脂肪酸组成(如富含月桂酸、棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸)特殊性有关[25]。本研究中的固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉中粗脂肪含量达19.92%,其脂肪酸组成以月桂酸(22.05%)、棕榈酸(17.02%)、油酸(18.54%)和亚油酸(20.24%)为主,各组饲料配方粗脂肪含量虽没变化,但随固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉添加量增加,脂肪酸组成的差异会逐渐叠加。胡俊茹等[26]研究的黑水虻虫油替代豆油可一定程度地提高黄颡鱼体成分粗脂肪含量的结果进一步佐证了这一相关性。本研究中,饲料中添加3.12%固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉显著降低了斑点叉尾鮰全鱼水分含量,这可能与H3组中全鱼粗脂肪比例显著增加导致干物质数值上升的数据变化相关;各组全鱼粗蛋白质含量无显著差异,表明饲料中添加1.04%~3.13%固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉并不影响斑点叉尾鮰蛋白质的沉积,保证了鱼体基本的营养品质和商品价值。

3.3 固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉对斑点叉尾鮰血清抗氧化指标的影响

鱼体的抗氧化状态是评估其健康水平和抗应激能力的重要标志。本研究发现,饲料中添加1.04%~3.12%固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉可显著提高斑点叉尾鮰血清CAT、GSH-Px和SOD活性,添加1.04%固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉可显著提高血清T-AOC。这与本团队此前报道的发酵黑水虻(鲜虫浆)在大口黑鲈[14]、杂交鳢[15]饲料中的研究结果基本一致,大口黑鲈饲料中添加2%发酵黑水虻(鲜虫浆)可显著提高血清CAT、SOD活性及T-AOC,杂交鳢饲料添加2%发酵黑水虻(鲜虫浆)可显著提高血清T-AOC,且一定程度提升血清GSH-Px、SOD活性。CAT、GSH-Px可清除过氧化氢及脂质过氧化物,SOD催化超氧阴离子自由基歧化,三者共同构成机体抗氧化第1道防线[27]。其活性同步增强表明固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉能系统性激活斑点叉尾鮰抗氧化酶防御体系,该作用可能源于发酵黑水虻富集的生物活性物质,及黑水虻幼虫本身含抗菌肽、壳寡糖等抗氧化成分[28-29]。这些物质被鱼体吸收后,可能通过核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)/抗氧化反应元件(ARE)等信号通路,上调下游抗氧化酶基因的表达,从而全面提升机体的抗氧化储备[27]。尽管在本试验条件下,各组血清MDA含量无显著差异,可能由于鱼体未处于强烈的氧化应激状态,脂质过氧化程度较低,但显著增强的抗氧化酶活性无疑为鱼体应对养殖环境中潜在应激源(如温度波动、水质变化等)提供了更强的保护能力。

3.4 固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉对斑点叉尾鮰肠道组织结构的影响

肠道是营养物质消化吸收主要场所[30],健康的肠道绒毛结构是保证巨大吸收表面积的基础,而完整的肌层则维系着正常的肠道蠕动功能,其结构完整性至关重要。本研究发现,各组之间肠道绒毛高度和肌层厚度均无显著差异。这与本团队此前报道的饲料中添加2%~10%发酵黑水虻(鲜虫浆)不影响大口黑龙肠道组织结构(绒毛高度和肌层厚度)的结果基本一致。该结果具有积极意义,证实本试验条件下,饲料中添加固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉对斑点叉尾鮰肠道组织形态无损伤作用。但已有报道指出,过量添加未经发酵的黑水虻鲜虫浆[31]、干虫[10]会损伤鱼类肠道组织结构。该结果差异表明发酵技术可有效解决直接添加黑水虻导致的鱼类肠道组织损伤问题。本研究表明,饲料中添加1.04%~3.12%固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉不会引起斑点叉尾鮰肠道组织炎症、萎缩或其他形态学病变。在饲料配方调整时能维持肠道结构稳定,本身就是一种积极效应,为固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉在水产饲料中的安全应用提供了组织学依据。

4 结论

饲料中添加1.04%~3.12%的固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉能够改善斑点叉尾鮰的生长性能,提高机体抗氧化能力,并提高鱼体脂肪沉积,且对肠道组织结构无负面影响。本试验条件下,斑点叉尾鮰饲料中固态发酵黑水虻干虫粉的适宜添加水平为1.04%。

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