1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 含量 Content | |
|---|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | ||
| 鸡肉粉 Chicken powder | 13.00 | |
| 牛肉粉 Beef meal | 6.50 | |
| 小麦 Wheat | 4.00 | |
| 大米 Rice | 14.50 | |
| 玉米 Corn | 19.00 | |
| 鸡油 Chicken fat | 12.00 | |
| 微粉大豆 Micro-ground soybean | 9.00 | |
| 谷蛋白粉 Gluten powder | 4.00 | |
| 甜菜根浆 Beetroot juice | 8.00 | |
| 鱼油 Fish oil | 1.00 | |
| 啤酒酵母 Brewer’s yeast | 5.00 | |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 2.00 | |
| 增味剂 Flavor enhancer | 2.00 | |
| 合计 Total | 100.00 | |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | ||
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 27.96 | |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 14.10 | |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | 1.70 | |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 7.50 | |
| 粗纤维 CF | 4.55 | |
| 可溶性氯化物 Soluble chlorides | 0.68 | |
| 赖氨酸 Lys | 1.66 | |
| 钙 Ca | 1.45 | |
| 总磷 TP | 1.00 | |
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 16.21 | |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 9 166 IU,VD3 1 600 IU,VE 65 mg,VK 1 mg,VB1 4.0 mg,VB2 4.0 mg,VB6 4.0 mg,VB12 0.02 mg,叶酸 folic acid 0.6 mg,烟酸 niacin 0.5 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 9.2 mg,生物素 biotin 0.1 mg,胆碱 choline 420 mg,Cu 7.5 mg,富硒酵母 Se-enriched yeast 0.1 mg,Zn 100 mg,Ca 1.5 mg,Fe 6.0 mg,Mn 5.0 mg。 |
1.3 指标测定
1.3.1 饲粮营养水平
1.3.2 生长性能
1.3.3 血液样品采集及指标测定
1.4 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 槲皮素对运动性疲劳德国牧羊犬生长性能的影响
表2 槲皮素对运动性疲劳德国牧羊犬生长性能的影响Table 2 Effects of quercetin on growth performance of German shepherds with exercise-induced fatigue |
| 项目 Items | 对照组 Control group | 低剂量槲皮素组 Low-dose quercetin group | 高剂量槲皮素组 High-dose quercetin group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 初始体重 Initial body weight/kg | 32.48±1.36 | 32.51±1.47 | 32.43±1.62 | 0.761 |
| 终末体重 Final body weight/kg | 31.85±2.01 | 32.16±1.85 | 32.35±1.68 | 0.064 |
| 体增重 Body weight gain/kg | -0.63±0.08c | -0.35±0.07b | -0.08±0.01a | 0.012 |
| 平均日采食量 Average daily feed intake/(g/d) | 467.85±12.33c | 471.26±15.02b | 478.79±10.68a | 0.023 |
同行数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same letter or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 槲皮素对运动性疲劳德国牧羊犬血浆生化指标的影响
表3 槲皮素对运动性疲劳德国牧羊犬血浆生化指标的影响Table 3 Effects of quercetin on plasma biochemical indices of German shepherds with exercise-induced fatigue |
| 项目 Items | 运动性疲劳前 Before exercise- induced fatigue | 对照组 Control group | 低剂量槲皮素组 Low-dose quercetin group | 高剂量槲皮素组 High-dose quercetin group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/L) | 62.01±2.12 | 59.65±2.28 | 60.46±2.07 | 60.82±1.98 | 0.316 |
| 白蛋白 ALB/(g/L) | 28.31±0.82 | 27.90±0.71 | 27.95±0.66 | 28.05±1.21 | 0.084 |
| 球蛋白 GLB/(g/L) | 34.28±1.59 | 32.78±1.61 | 33.04±1.98 | 33.65±1.34 | 0.411 |
| 白球比 A/G | 0.82±0.05 | 0.84±0.11 | 0.84±0.09 | 0.83±0.05 | 0.091 |
| 葡萄糖 GLU/(mmol/L) | 3.95±0.36b | 4.95±0.46a | 4.71±0.27a | 4.01±0.41b | 0.040 |
| 总胆红素 TBIL/(μmol/L) | 2.96±0.22 | 2.58±0.17 | 2.81±0.23 | 2.93±0.10 | 0.074 |
| 直接胆红素 DBIL/(μmol/L) | 1.63±0.24 | 1.44±0.12 | 1.52±0.18 | 1.53±0.07 | 0.065 |
| 谷丙转氨酶 ALT/(U/L) | 39.01±5.93b | 43.11±4.38a | 42.42±4.55a | 40.04±4.06b | 0.032 |
| 谷草转氨酶 AST/(U/L) | 32.14±4.32b | 40.64±5.78a | 38.89±6.07a | 33.15±7.46b | 0.035 |
| 碱性磷酸酶 ALP/(U/L) | 78.16±14.29 | 82.53±20.41 | 82.06±19.24 | 81.23±16.44 | 0.081 |
| 尿素氮 UN/(mmol/L) | 2.77±0.26b | 3.91±0.41a | 3.27±0.58ab | 2.97±0.37b | 0.044 |
| 肌酐 CRE/(μmol/L) | 60.84±3.79 | 59.34±4.06 | 59.78±3.27 | 60.03±5.01 | 0.177 |
| 总胆固醇 TC/(mmol/L) | 3.62±0.09 | 3.60±0.08 | 3.68±0.11 | 3.66±0.08 | 0.203 |
| 淀粉酶 AMY/(U/L) | 571.28±25.44 | 564.88±21.07 | 569.20±20.18 | 563.48±25.50 | 0.245 |
| 肌酸激酶 CK/(U/L) | 187.37±25.37b | 350.54±24.33a | 323.22±19.54a | 210.15±30.48b | 0.016 |
| 钙 Ca/(mmol/L) | 2.73±0.12a | 2.10±0.21b | 2.24±0.15b | 2.65±0.22a | 0.045 |
| 磷 P/(mmol/L) | 1.81±0.08 | 1.83±0.11 | 1.82±0.17 | 1.83±0.20 | 0.442 |
2.3 槲皮素对运动性疲劳德国牧羊犬血浆抗氧化指标的影响
表4 槲皮素对运动性疲劳德国牧羊犬血浆抗氧化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of quercetin on plasma antioxidant indices of German shepherds with exercise-induced fatigue |
| 项目 Items | 运动性疲劳前 Before exercise- induced fatigue | 对照组 Control group | 低剂量槲皮素组 Low-dose quercetin group | 高剂量槲皮素组 High-dose quercetin group | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 24.13±0.46a | 21.05±0.89b | 21.30±1.03b | 23.84±0.76a | 0.042 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 0.37±0.06a | 0.25±0.02b | 0.28±0.04b | 0.38±0.06a | 0.039 |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 0.34±0.03 | 0.28±0.01 | 0.30±0.02 | 0.35±0.02 | 0.331 |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 0.26±0.04b | 0.36±0.05a | 0.34±0.04a | 0.24±0.01b | 0.040 |
| 乳酸脱氢酶 LDH/(U/mL) | 39.72±2.78b | 55.27±3.48a | 53.28±2.95a | 41.16±2.15b | 0.036 |
