1 材料与方法
1.1 试验设计
1.2 试验饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 63.20 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 23.10 | ||
| 稻壳Rice hull | 6.45 | ||
| 食盐NaCl | 0.30 | ||
| 石粉Limestone | 4.75 | ||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 0.95 | ||
| DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met | 0.25 | ||
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.00 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.07 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 15.16 | ||
| 粗纤维CF | 5.22 | ||
| 钙Ca | 2.10 | ||
| 总磷TP | 0.55 | ||
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.48 | ||
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.76 |
1)每千克预混料含有 Each kilogram of the premix contained the following:VA 900 000 IU,VK 225 mg,VD3 200 000 IU,VE 3 600 IU,VB1 220 mg,VB2 975 mg,VB6 375 mg,VB12 2 750 μg,VB3 3.75 g,叶酸 folic acid 140 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 1.5 g,生物素 biotin 9 500 μg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 55 g,Fe 8 g,Mn 10 g,Zn 10 g,Se 30 mg,Cu 500 mg,I 125 mg。 2)粗蛋白质、粗纤维、钙和总磷为实测值,其他为计算值。CP, CF, Ca and TP were measured values, while the others were calculated values. |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 采集样品及指标测定
1.4.1 生产性能
1.4.2 蛋品质
1.4.3 血清生化指标
1.4.4 血清抗氧化指标
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 饲粮添加不同水平SIF对种鹅生产性能的影响
表2 饲粮添加不同水平SIF对种鹅生产性能的影响Table 2 Effects of different SIF supplemental levels in diets on performance of breeding geese |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | S50 | S100 | S150 | S200 | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 产蛋率 Laying rate/% | 29.90 ±2.07b | 29.22 ±2.07b | 29.61 ±0.66b | 33.65 ±1.54a | 27.29 ±1.80b | <0.001 | 0.721 | 0.007 | |
| 平均蛋重 Average egg weight/g | 150.81 ±6.36 | 151.45 ±3.74 | 150.87 ±7.13 | 153.50 ±5.56 | 148.79 ±4.67 | 0.709 | 0.788 | 0.391 | |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 259.02 ±13.99 | 252.67 ±7.15 | 257.84 ±27.05 | 251.65 ±14.09 | 253.30 ±11.63 | 0.907 | 0.557 | 0.852 | |
| 料蛋比 F/E | 4.30 ±0.75 | 4.62 ±0.85 | 4.78 ±0.80 | 4.12 ±0.77 | 4.69 ±0.82 | 0.591 | 0.795 | 0.799 | |
同行数据肩标相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with the same letter or no letter superscripts indicated no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts indicated significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 饲粮添加不同水平SIF对种鹅蛋品质的影响
表3 饲粮添加不同水平SIF对种鹅蛋品质的影响Table 3 Effects of different SIF supplemental levels in diets on egg quality of breeding geese |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | S50 | S100 | S150 | S200 | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 蛋重 Egg weight/g | 148.27 ±6.93 | 149.94 ±10.05 | 149.55 ±10.26 | 152.11 ±10.32 | 149.06 ±10.20 | 0.414 | 0.902 | 0.201 | |
| 蛋壳厚度 Eggshell thickness/mm | 0.55 ±0.05a | 0.55 ±0.04ab | 0.52 ±0.05b | 0.53 ±0.05ab | 0.52 ±0.05ab | 0.020 | 0.011 | 0.249 | |
| 蛋壳强度 Eggshell strength/(N/cm2) | 99.46 ±12.90 | 99.07 ±14.81 | 103.12 ±12.69 | 101.08 ±10.87 | 99.73 ±10.43 | 0.714 | 0.723 | 0.348 | |
| 蛋形指数 Egg shape index | 1.48 ±0.05 | 1.48 ±0.06 | 1.47 ±0.06 | 1.48 ±0.06 | 1.47 ±0.07 | 0.855 | 0.674 | 0.923 | |
| 蛋黄颜色 Yolk color | 5.72 ±1.40 | 5.70 ±1.37 | 6.27 ±1.57 | 5.60 ±1.33 | 6.33 ±2.50 | 0.288 | 0.252 | 0.811 | |
| 蛋白高度 Albumen height/mm | 11.68 ±1.60b | 13.03 ±1.51a | 12.44 ±1.69ab | 12.47 ±1.59ab | 12.01 ±1.59ab | 0.018 | 0.928 | 0.007 | |
| 蛋黄重量 Yolk weight/g | 47.66 ±5.60bc | 52.00 ±7.44ab | 51.50 ±8.09ab | 53.30 ±3.64a | 52.30 ±4.57a | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.047 | |
| 蛋黄比例 Yolk ratio/% | 32.58 ±4.79b | 34.72 ±3.75a | 34.57 ±4.73ab | 35.18 ±3.18a | 35.75 ±2.67a | 0.028 | 0.003 | 0.376 | |
2.3 饲粮添加不同水平SIF对种鹅血清生化指标的影响
表4 饲粮添加不同水平SIF对种鹅血清生化指标的影响Table 4 Effects of different SIF supplemental levels in diets on serum biochemical indices of breeding geese |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | S50 | S100 | S150 | S200 | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 总蛋白 TP/(g/L) | 53.28 ±4.43b | 51.62 ±3.95b | 55.96 ±4.52b | 65.80 ±5.26a | 51.80 ±4.33b | <0.001 | 0.047 | 0.005 | |
| 白蛋白 ALB/(g/L) | 16.06 ±1.03b | 16.52 ±1.68b | 16.26 ±0.85b | 18.93 ±1.85a | 17.00 ±1.65ab | 0.007 | 0.020 | 0.380 | |
| 甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/L) | 12.27 ±1.58 | 14.35 ±2.09 | 13.59 ±2.38 | 14.79 ±1.78 | 14.61 ±1.41 | 0.106 | 0.030 | 0.341 | |
| 总胆固醇 TCHO/(mmol/L) | 4.30 ±0.31 | 4.26 ±0.66 | 4.00 ±0.36 | 4.70 ±0.37 | 4.48 ±0.51 | 0.092 | 0.161 | 0.373 | |
| 尿酸 UA/(μmol/L) | 324.94 ±39.31 | 327.43 ±47.53 | 347.57 ±33.59 | 349.71 ±15.54 | 337.57 ±19.87 | 0.534 | 0.243 | 0.325 | |
| 谷丙转氨酶 ALT/(U/L) | 20.23 ±2.91ab | 19.05 ±4.33ab | 17.96 ±1.72b | 21.04 ±2.67ab | 24.19 ±4.39a | 0.019 | 0.020 | 0.011 | |
| 谷草转氨酶 AST/(U/L) | 66.23 ±7.41 | 67.57 ±6.55 | 65.71 ±3.50 | 71.28 ±5.88 | 63.66 ±6.41 | 0.224 | 0.845 | 0.233 | |
2.4 饲粮添加不同水平SIF对种鹅血清抗氧化指标的影响
表5 饲粮添加不同水平SIF对种鹅血清抗氧化指标的影响Table 5 Effects of different SIF supplemental levels in diets on serum antioxidant indices of breeding geese |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照 Control | S50 | S100 | S150 | S200 | 方差分析 ANOVA | 线性 Linear | 二次 Quadratic | ||
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 244.21 ±22.40 | 250.20 ±19.04 | 262.30 ±19.49 | 259.66 ±26.87 | 238.52 ±16.77 | 0.206 | 0.940 | 0.028 | |
| 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL) | 230.16 ±15.85b | 251.58 ±17.35ab | 251.58 ±17.35ab | 258.93 ±14.93a | 231.71 ±15.99b | 0.004 | 0.583 | <0.001 | |
| 过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U/mL) | 55.14 ±5.93 | 56.57 ±3.87 | 57.32 ±7.03 | 55.74 ±5.72 | 53.00 ±4.24 | 0.880 | 0.600 | 0.332 | |
| 总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 19.36 ±1.35 | 22.01 ±3.86 | 23.61 ±2.89 | 22.28 ±3.69 | 21.61 ±4.88 | 0.282 | 0.269 | 0.066 | |
| 丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 3.48 ±0.32a | 3.09 ±0.34ab | 2.86 ±0.40b | 2.67 ±0.32b | 2.88 ±0.24b | 0.003 | <0.001 | 0.020 | |
