1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.1.1 试剂
1.1.2 主要仪器
1.2 LC-MS/MS分析条件
1.2.1 色谱条件
1.2.2 质谱条件
1.3 猪粪便样品采集
1.4 样品前处理
1.5 方法学验证
2 结果与分析
2.1 衍生化条件优化
2.1.1 GP和EDC·HCl浓度优化
表1 不同浓度的GP与EDC·HCl组合Table 1 Combinations of GP and EDC·HCl at different concentrations mol/L |
| 序号 No. | EDC·HCl浓度 EDC·HCl concentration | GP浓度 GP concentration |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.050 | 0.050 |
| 2 | 0.050 | 0.025 |
| 3 | 0.050 | 0.010 |
| 4 | 0.050 | 0.005 |
| 5 | 0.025 | 0.050 |
| 6 | 0.025 | 0.025 |
| 7 | 0.025 | 0.010 |
| 8 | 0.025 | 0.005 |
| 9 | 0.010 | 0.050 |
| 10 | 0.010 | 0.025 |
| 11 | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| 12 | 0.010 | 0.005 |
| 13 | 0.005 | 0.050 |
| 14 | 0.005 | 0.025 |
| 15 | 0.005 | 0.010 |
| 16 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
图1 不同浓度的GP与EDC·HCl组合对SCFAs及其同位素衍生物峰面积的影响AA:乙酸 acetic acid;AA-d4:乙酸-d4 acetic acid-d4;PA:丙酸 propionic acid;PA-d5:丙酸-d5 propionic acid-d5;BA:丁酸 butyric acid;BA-d7:丁酸-d7 butyric acid-d7;VA:戊酸 valeric acid;VA-d9:戊酸-d9 valeric acid-d9;HA:己酸 hexanoic acid;HA-d11:己酸-d11 hexanoic acid-d11。下图同 the same as below。 Fig.1 Effects of combinations of GP and EDC·HCl at different concentrations on peak areas of SCFAs and their isotopic derivatives |
2.1.2 反应溶剂优化
2.1.3 反应时间和温度优化
2.2 色谱条件优化
2.3 质谱裂解途径和MRM参数优化
图7 GP-SCFAs质谱图a~j分别表示GP标记的乙酸、乙酸-d4、丙酸、丙酸-d5、丁酸、丁酸-d7、戊酸、戊酸-d9、己酸和己酸-d11。 Fig.7 Mass spectra of GP-SCFAs a to j represented GP-labeled acetic acid, acetic acid-d4, propionic acid, propionic acid-d5, butyric acid, butyric acid-d7, valeric acid, valeric acid-d9, hexanoic acid and hexanoic acid-d11, respectively. |
图8 SCFAs及其同位素衍生物可能的裂解途径a、b、c和d表示裂解位置。 Fig.8 Possible fragmentation pathways of SCFAs and their isotopic derivatives a, b, c and d represented fragmentation locations. |
表2 SCFAs裂解碎片离子Table 2 Fragment ions of SCFAs cleavage |
| 化合物Compounds | R | a | b | c | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GP-AA | -CH3 | 138 | 120 | 115 | 80 |
| GP-AA-d4 | -CD3 | 138 | 120 | 118 | 80 |
| GP-PA | -C2H5 | 138 | 120 | 129 | 80 |
| GP-PA-d5 | -C2D5 | 138 | 120 | 134 | 80 |
| GP-BA | -C3H7 | 138 | 120 | 143 | 80 |
| GP-BA-d7 | -C3D7 | 138 | 120 | 150 | 80 |
| GP-VA | -C4H9 | 138 | 120 | 157 | 80 |
| GP-VA-d9 | -C4D9 | 138 | 120 | 166 | 80 |
| GP-HA | -C5H11 | 138 | 120 | 171 | 80 |
| GP-HA-d11 | -C5D11 | 138 | 120 | 182 | 80 |
GP:吉拉德试剂P Girard reagent P;AA:乙酸 acetic acid;AA-d4:乙酸-d4 acetic acid-d4;PA:丙酸 propionic acid;PA-d5:丙酸-d5 propionic acid-d5;BA:丁酸 butyric acid;BA-d7:丁酸-d7 butyric acid-d7;VA:戊酸 valeric acid;VA-d9:戊酸-d9 valeric acid-d9;HA:己酸 hexanoic acid;HA-d11:己酸-d11 hexanoic acid-d11。表3同 the same as Table 3。 R表示烷基侧链基团,a和b表示恒定碎片离子,c表示可变碎片离子,d表示恒定小碎片离子。R represented alkyl side chain group, a and b represented constant fragment ions, c represented variable fragment ions, and d represented constant small fragment ions. |
表3 SCFAs及其同位素衍生物的定性离子对、定量离子对和碰撞能量参考值Table 3 Qualitative ion pairs, quantitative ion pairs and collision energy reference values of SCFAs and their isotopic derivatives |
| 化合物 Compounds | 离子对 Ion pairs(m/z) | 锥孔电压 Cone voltage/V | 碰撞能量 Collision energy/eV | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GP-AA | 194.0/120.0a | 14 | 14 | ||||
| 194.0/80.1 | 18 | ||||||
GP-AA-d4 | 197.2/120.1a | 22 | 14 | ||||
| 197.2/80.1 | 20 | ||||||
GP-PA | 208.1/120.1a | 18 | 14 | ||||
| 208.1/80.0 | 22 | ||||||
GP-PA-d5 | 213.2/120.1a | 22 | 14 | ||||
| 213.2/80.1 | 20 | ||||||
GP-BA | 222.0/120.1a | 20 | 16 | ||||
| 222.0/80.1 | 22 | ||||||
GP-BA-d7 | 229.2/120.0a | 22 | 18 | ||||
| 229.2/80.1 | 24 | ||||||
GP-VA | 236.2/120.1a | 20 | 16 | ||||
| 236.2/80.1 | 26 | ||||||
GP-VA-d9 | 245.2/120.1a | 22 | 16 | ||||
| 245.2/80.1 | 22 | ||||||
GP-HA | 250.2/120.1a | 24 | 16 | ||||
| 250.2/80.1 | 22 | ||||||
GP-HA-d11 | 261.3/120.1a | 24 | 16 | ||||
| 261.3/80.1 | 24 |
a:定量离子对 quantitative ion pair。 |
2.4 方法学验证
2.4.1 线性范围和灵敏度
表4 方法学验证结果Table 4 Methodological verification results |
| 化合物 Compounds | 日内回收率/ 相对标准偏差 Intraday recovery rate/ RSD/% | 日间回收率/ 相对标准偏差 Interday recovery/ RSD/% | 线性范围 Linear range/ (mmol/L) | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient (R2) | 检出限 LOD/ (pmol/ g) | 定量限 LOQ/ (pmol/ g) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FL1 | FL2 | FL3 | FL1 | FL2 | FL3 | ||||||
| 乙酸Acetic acid | 80.6/5.5 | 80.1/7.7 | 99.1/10.0 | 82.2/5.6 | 81.0/4.7 | 87.3/9.7 | 0.001~1.000 | 0.996 7 | 1.0 | 2.0 | |
| 丙酸 Propionic acid | 81.1/9.5 | 92.3/9.8 | 95.2/7.6 | 83.3/6.7 | 87.9/8.4 | 95.5/8.2 | 0.001~1.000 | 0.997 9 | 2.0 | 5.0 | |
| 丁酸Butyric acid | 96.6/8.3 | 96.1/8.1 | 103.8/1.8 | 90.1/8.3 | 91.1/8.4 | 96.8/7.1 | 0.001~1.000 | 0.998 0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | |
| 戊酸Valeric acid | 95.1/6.1 | 94.9/9.4 | 97.6/8.9 | 94.5/6.9 | 94.2/7.3 | 92.3/7.1 | 0.001~0.100 | 0.993 8 | 1.0 | 2.0 | |
| 己酸 Hexanoic acid | 97.1/9.2 | 101.3/3.7 | 95.6/9.3 | 89.6/8.3 | 90.9/9.8 | 92.8/7.0 | 0.001~0.100 | 0.999 9 | 0.5 | 1.0 | |
2.4.2 回收率和精密度
表5 猪粪便样品中SCFAs的添加方案Table 5 Spiking protocol of SCFAs in pig fecal samples mmol/L |
| 化合物Compounds | FL1 | FL2 | FL3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 乙酸Acetic acid | 0.50 | 1.00 | 2.00 |
| 丙酸Propionic acid | 0.50 | 1.00 | 2.00 |
| 丁酸Butyric acid | 0.50 | 1.00 | 2.00 |
| 戊酸Valeric acid | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.50 |
| 己酸Hexanoic acid | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.50 |
