1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验动物
1.3 试验设计
表1 试验饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (air-dry basis) |
| 项目 Items | 常规饲粮 Normal diet | 高脂饲粮 High fat diet |
|---|---|---|
| 原料 Ingredients | ||
| 米粉 Rice flour | 38.6 | 24.6 |
| 豆粕 Soybean meal | 20.0 | 13.0 |
| 鸡肉粉 Chicken powder | 22.0 | 15.0 |
| 猪油 Lard | 28.0 | |
| 鱼粉 Fish meal | 6.5 | 6.5 |
| 大豆油 Soybean oil | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| 食盐 NaCl | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| 石粉 Limestone | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| 磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 合计 Total | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| 营养水平 Nutrient levels2) | ||
| 代谢能 ME/(MJ/kg) | 16.40 | 22.66 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 28.16 | 20.16 |
| 粗纤维 CF | 1.81 | 1.22 |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 7.10 | 6.12 |
| 粗脂肪 EE | 13.93 | 40.19 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 2.12 | 1.92 |
| 钙 Ca | 1.52 | 1.52 |
| 总磷 TP | 1.01 | 1.01 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Premix provided the following per kg of diets:Fe 58 mg,Zn 149 mg,Cu 5.5 mg,VA 23 400 IU,VD 544 IU,VB1 10.3 mg,VB2 10.3 mg,VB6 16.8 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 61.4 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 6.6 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1 mg,生物素 biotin 0.1 mg,VB12 2.2 mg。 2)代谢能为计算值,其余为实测值。ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. |
1.4 样本采集
1.5 指标测定与方法
1.5.1 体重和采食量测定
体增重(kg)=终末体重(kg)-初始体重(kg);
平均日采食量(g/d)=总采食量(g)/试验天数(d)。
1.5.2 皮下脂肪层厚度测定
1.5.3 腹股沟脂肪组织学观察与细胞面积测定
1.5.4 血脂指标测定
1.5.5 粪便样本16S rRNA基因测序与分析
1.5.6 腹股沟脂肪组织样本实时荧光定量PCR测定
表2 PCR引物序列Table 2 Primer sequences for PCR |
| 基因 Genes | 登录号 Accession No. | 引物序列 Primer sequences (5'—3') | 产物长度 Product length/bp |
|---|---|---|---|
| 固醇调节元件结合蛋白1 SREBP1 | XM_038664048 | F:GACAGGGAGTTCTCTGACGC R:CCAGGCTGAACTGGTGTAGA | 182 |
| 脂肪酸合成酶 FAS | XM_038675370 | F:CCAGAAACTCGTGCTGACCT R:CCATCTAGCGAGCCGATGTT | 126 |
| CCAAT增强子结合蛋白α C/EBPα | XM_005616766 | F:CTCTAACCGAGGAGTCGTGC R:CTTCGCATGTACCAGAAGAGC | 207 |
| 过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ PPARγ | XM_038426360 | F:CGCCGCCGCAGAAACTA R:GCAGGCTCCACTTTGATTGC | 261 |
| 甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶 GAPDH | NM_001003142 | F:GTAGTGAAGCAGGCATCGGA R:GTCGAAGGTGGAAGAGTGGG | 108 |
1.5.7 血清样本液相色谱-质谱法(LC-MS)分析
1.6 数据统计与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 NUC对高脂饮食犬肥胖的改善效果
表3 NUC对高脂饮食犬体重的影响Table 3 Effects of NUC on body weight in high-fat fed dogskg |
| 时间 Times/周 | 组别 Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ND | ND+NUC | HFD | HFD+NUC | |
| 0 | 10.26±0.22 | 10.33±0.23 | 10.42±0.25 | 10.22±0.20 |
| 1 | 10.28±0.23 | 10.28±0.23 | 10.59±0.25 | 10.36±0.25 |
| 2 | 10.53±0.25 | 10.36±0.25 | 10.76±0.25 | 10.62±0.22 |
| 3 | 10.50±0.25 | 10.45±0.25 | 11.05±0.25 | 10.76±0.25 |
| 4 | 10.69±0.28a | 10.48±0.27a | 11.54±0.25c | 10.85±0.23b |
| 5 | 10.71±0.26a | 10.59±0.26a | 12.06±0.28c | 11.07±0.23b |
| 6 | 10.75±0.26a | 10.66±0.26a | 13.05±0.31c | 11.41±0.26b |
| 7 | 10.82±0.27a | 10.70±0.27a | 13.77±0.29c | 11.85±0.27b |
| 8 | 10.87±0.21a | 10.75±0.29a | 14.08±0.33c | 12.24±0.28b |
同行数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
表4 NUC对高脂饮食犬体增重、平均日采食量及皮下脂肪厚度和腹股沟脂肪面积的影响Table 4 Effects of NUC on BWG, ADFI, subcutaneous fat thickness and area of inguinal adipocytes in high-fat fed dogs |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ND | ND+NUC | HFD | HFD+NUC | |
| 体增重 BWG/kg | 0.75±0.12a | 0.82±0.21a | 3.76±0.42c | 2.27±0.25b |
| 平均日采食量 ADFI/(g/d) | 324.5±20.1 | 315.8±22.4 | 345.9±25.4 | 336.2±26.3 |
| 皮下脂肪厚度 Subcutaneous fat thickness/mm | ||||
| 试验前 Before the experiment | 6.43±0.63 | 6.42±0.55 | 6.51±0.63 | 6.48±0.67 |
| 试验后 After the experiment | 6.54±0.54a | 6.35±0.58a | 14.15±1.26c | 9.56±0.92b |
| 腹股沟脂肪细胞面积 Area of inguinal adipocytes/×103 μm2 | 1 485±187a | 1 426±159a | 4 352±365c | 2 386±244b |
2.2 NUC对高脂饮食犬血脂指标影响
表5 NUC对高脂饮食犬血脂指标的影响Table 5 Effects of NUC on serum lipid indicators in high-fat fed dogsm |
| 项目 Items | 组别 Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ND | ND+NUC | HFD | HFD+NUC | |
| 甘油三酯 TG | 1.38±0.19a | 1.31±0.16a | 1.72±0.15b | 1.46±0.13a |
| 总胆固醇 TC | 4.56±0.56a | 4.42±0.46a | 5.58±0.51b | 4.83±0.42ab |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDL-C | 2.62±0.24a | 2.57±0.28a | 3.18±0.28b | 2.75±0.23a |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL-C | 1.43±0.15 | 1.46±0.12 | 1.33±0.11 | 1.31±0.13 |
2.3 NUC对高脂饮食犬肠道菌群的影响
2.3.1 肠道菌群多样性
图2 NUC对高脂饮食犬肠道菌群多样性的影响数据柱形标注相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下图同。 Fig.2 Effect of NUC on gut microbiota diversity in high-fat fed dogs Value columns with the same small letters mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different small letters mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below. |
