1 材料与方法
1.1 伦理声明
1.2 试验材料和试验设计
表1 菜籽粕样品信息Table 1 Information of rapeseed meal samples |
| 菜籽粕编号 Rapeseed meal numbers | 采样地点 Sample location | 产地 Source |
|---|---|---|
| RSM1 | 广东省佛山市 | 加拿大 |
| RSM2 | 四川省成都市 | 四川 |
| RSM3 | 江苏省淮安市 | 加拿大 |
| RSM4 | 内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市 | 内蒙古 |
| RSM5 | 四川省眉山市 | 四川 |
| RSM6 | 福建省厦门市 | 加拿大 |
| RSM7 | 云南省大理市 | 云南 |
| RSM8 | 辽宁省朝阳市 | 加拿大 |
| RSM9 | 湖南省岳阳市 | 加拿大 |
| RSM10 | 湖南省益阳市 | 加拿大 |
表2 无氮饲粮和菜籽粕饲粮组成及营养水平(饲喂基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of nitrogen-free diet and rapeseed meal diets (as-fed basis) |
| 项目 Items | 无氮饲粮 Nitrogen free diet | 菜籽粕1 饲粮 RSM1 diet | 菜籽粕2 饲粮 RSM2 diet | 菜籽粕3 饲粮 RSM3 diet | 菜籽粕4 饲粮 RSM4 diet | 菜籽粕5 饲粮 RSM5 diet | 菜籽粕6 饲粮 RSM6 diet | 菜籽粕7 饲粮 RSM7 diet | 菜籽8 饲粮 RSM8 diet | 菜籽粕9 饲粮 RSM9 diet | 菜籽粕10 饲粮 RSM10 diet |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||||||||||
| 菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 45.26 | 45.26 | 45.26 | 45.26 | 45.26 | 45.26 | 45.26 | 45.26 | 45.26 | 45.26 | |
| 玉米淀粉Corn starch | 63.81 | 16.70 | 16.70 | 16.70 | 16.70 | 16.70 | 16.70 | 16.70 | 16.70 | 16.70 | 16.70 |
| 葡萄糖Glucose | 27.00 | 33.70 | 33.70 | 33.70 | 33.70 | 33.70 | 33.70 | 33.70 | 33.70 | 33.70 | 33.70 |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.91 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.80 |
| 石粉Limestone | 1.16 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 |
| 食盐NaCl | 0.18 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| 纤维素Cellulose | 5.00 | ||||||||||
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| 碳酸氢钠NaHCO3 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| 预混料Premix1) | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
| 抗氧化剂Antioxidant | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| 二氧化钛TiO2 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||||||||||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.92 | 9.90 | 9.90 | 9.90 | 9.90 | 9.90 | 9.90 | 9.90 | 9.90 | 9.90 | 9.90 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 0.19 | 18.56 | 18.02 | 18.30 | 18.36 | 17.63 | 17.58 | 17.06 | 19.05 | 17.39 | 18.23 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 | |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 | |
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | |
| 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸Met+Cys | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.68 | |
| 钙Ca | 0.89 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.28 |
| 总磷TP | 0.38 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.93 |
| 非植酸磷NPP | 0.37 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供 The premix provided the following per kg of diets:VA 10 000 IU,VD3 3 750 IU,VE 27.5 IU,VK 2.5 mg,VB1 2.5 mg,VB2 8.0 mg,VB6 3.75 mg,VB12 0.025 mg,泛酸钙 calcium pantothenate 12.5 mg,烟酸 niacin 45 mg,叶酸 folic acid 125 mg,生物素 biotin 0.125 mg,沸石粉 zeolite powder 1 347.8 mg,Cu (CuSO4·5H2O) 7 mg,Fe (FeSO4·H2O) 80 mg,Zn (ZnSO4·H2O) 55 mg,Mn (MnSO4·H2O) 60 mg,Se (Na2SeO3) 0.15 mg,I [Ca(IO3)2·H2O] 0.5 mg。 2)粗蛋白质和氨基酸为实测值,其他为计算值,参照NY/T 3645—2020。CP and amino acids were measured values, while the others were calculated values, according to NY/T 3645—2020. |
1.3 样品采集与制备
1.4 指标测定
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同来源菜籽粕的化学成分含量及氨基酸组成
表3 不同来源菜籽粕的化学成分含量及氨基酸组成(风干基础)Table 3 Chemical component contents and amino acid composition of rapeseed meal from different sources (air-dry basis) |
| 项目 Items | 菜籽粕编号Rapeseed meal numbers | 平均值 Mean | 标准差 SD | 变异系数 CV/% | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RSM1 | RSM2 | RSM3 | RSM4 | RSM5 | RSM6 | RSM7 | RSM8 | RSM9 | RSM10 | ||||
| 水分Moisture | 12.70 | 10.88 | 11.87 | 10.67 | 8.03 | 10.36 | 7.91 | 8.54 | 9.68 | 11.30 | 10.19 | 1.63 | 16.00 |
| 总能GE/(MJ/kg) | 17.40 | 17.24 | 17.39 | 17.31 | 19.20 | 17.44 | 19.37 | 18.20 | 17.93 | 17.57 | 17.91 | 0.79 | 4.39 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 40.74 | 39.73 | 40.55 | 39.55 | 36.15 | 39.07 | 37.75 | 41.73 | 37.80 | 39.75 | 39.28 | 1.65 | 4.21 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 1.41 | 1.23 | 1.39 | 1.36 | 6.75 | 1.69 | 6.99 | 2.73 | 3.08 | 2.79 | 2.94 | 2.18 | 74.06 |
| 粗纤维CF | 11.95 | 16.53 | 13.51 | 13.59 | 15.10 | 12.87 | 12.39 | 11.75 | 9.64 | 8.87 | 12.62 | 2.30 | 18.19 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 27.24 | 35.17 | 30.10 | 23.23 | 45.63 | 24.49 | 23.54 | 30.15 | 28.63 | 26.88 | 29.51 | 6.71 | 22.76 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 19.15 | 29.04 | 19.98 | 19.51 | 38.15 | 17.06 | 18.25 | 16.33 | 21.67 | 16.80 | 21.59 | 6.87 | 31.82 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 6.31 | 7.32 | 6.13 | 7.86 | 7.22 | 5.94 | 5.42 | 6.29 | 6.90 | 6.32 | 6.57 | 0.74 | 11.21 |
| 无氮浸出物NFE | 26.89 | 24.31 | 26.55 | 26.97 | 26.75 | 30.08 | 29.56 | 28.96 | 32.90 | 30.97 | 28.39 | 2.55 | 8.98 |
| 植酸PA | 12.79 | 14.65 | 10.77 | 14.18 | 14.21 | 13.25 | 15.41 | 13.44 | 15.00 | 14.91 | 13.86 | 1.37 | 9.88 |
| 硫代葡萄糖苷GSL | 0.99 | 3.45 | 0.96 | 3.67 | 4.12 | 10.05 | 54.68 | 12.87 | 1.83 | 1.03 | 9.37 | 16.43 | 175.39 |
| 芥酸EA | 0.00 | 7.50 | 0.00 | 0.17 | 27.70 | 0.12 | 18.60 | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 5.43 | 9.86 | 181.38 |
| 必需氨基酸EAA | |||||||||||||
| 缬氨酸Val | 2.25 | 2.11 | 2.21 | 2.14 | 2.17 | 2.22 | 1.99 | 2.33 | 2.18 | 2.25 | 2.18 | 0.09 | 4.33 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.74 | 0.69 | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.72 | 0.89 | 0.68 | 0.33 | 0.69 | 0.14 | 20.35 |
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 1.65 | 1.53 | 1.62 | 1.56 | 1.56 | 1.62 | 1.46 | 1.71 | 1.59 | 1.65 | 1.60 | 0.07 | 4.48 |
| 亮氨酸Leu | 2.99 | 2.81 | 2.94 | 2.86 | 2.84 | 2.93 | 2.67 | 3.09 | 2.88 | 2.98 | 2.90 | 0.11 | 3.96 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 1.85 | 1.72 | 1.81 | 1.74 | 1.70 | 1.81 | 1.61 | 1.89 | 1.79 | 1.82 | 1.77 | 0.08 | 4.51 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 1.76 | 1.69 | 1.73 | 1.77 | 1.79 | 1.71 | 1.53 | 1.80 | 1.71 | 1.76 | 1.72 | 0.08 | 4.46 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 2.34 | 2.04 | 2.33 | 2.39 | 1.28 | 2.63 | 2.49 | 2.72 | 2.33 | 2.50 | 2.31 | 0.41 | 17.60 |
| 组氨酸His | 1.15 | 1.11 | 1.13 | 1.10 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.11 | 1.19 | 1.11 | 1.15 | 1.13 | 0.03 | 2.57 |
| 精氨酸Arg | 2.58 | 2.22 | 2.52 | 2.45 | 2.12 | 2.51 | 2.47 | 2.88 | 2.58 | 2.65 | 2.50 | 0.21 | 8.54 |
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.48 | 0.43 | 0.49 | 0.46 | 0.43 | 0.48 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.53 | 0.47 | 0.03 | 6.51 |
| 非必需氨基酸NEAA | |||||||||||||
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 2.95 | 2.74 | 2.88 | 2.87 | 2.62 | 2.88 | 2.57 | 3.08 | 2.86 | 2.92 | 2.84 | 0.15 | 5.45 |
| 丝氨酸Ser | 1.86 | 1.73 | 1.81 | 1.75 | 1.70 | 1.77 | 1.64 | 1.89 | 1.77 | 1.81 | 1.77 | 0.07 | 4.20 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | 7.66 | 7.14 | 7.47 | 6.95 | 7.41 | 7.31 | 7.21 | 7.90 | 7.20 | 7.61 | 7.39 | 0.28 | 3.84 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | 2.15 | 2.01 | 2.10 | 1.99 | 2.03 | 2.10 | 1.92 | 2.22 | 2.06 | 2.12 | 2.07 | 0.09 | 4.23 |
| 丙氨酸Ala | 1.85 | 1.75 | 1.81 | 1.75 | 1.76 | 1.81 | 1.66 | 1.90 | 1.78 | 1.83 | 1.79 | 0.07 | 3.77 |
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 0.67 | 0.62 | 0.69 | 0.63 | 0.56 | 0.68 | 0.70 | 0.97 | 0.82 | 0.38 | 0.67 | 0.15 | 22.89 |
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 1.15 | 1.02 | 1.14 | 1.17 | 1.06 | 1.08 | 0.98 | 1.14 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.10 | 0.06 | 5.64 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 2.85 | 2.68 | 2.81 | 2.67 | 2.78 | 2.75 | 2.69 | 2.96 | 2.70 | 2.84 | 2.77 | 0.09 | 3.38 |
2.2 不同来源菜籽粕对中速型黄羽肉仔鸡回肠氨基酸消化率的影响
表4 中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对不同来源菜籽粕的氨基酸AIDTable 4 Amino acids AID of rapeseed meal from different sources in medium-growing yellow-feathered broilers |
| 项目 Items | 菜籽粕编号Rapeseed meal numbers | 平均值 Mean | 合并标准误 Pooled SE | 变异系数 CV | P值 P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RSM1 | RSM2 | RSM3 | RSM4 | RSM5 | RSM6 | RSM7 | RSM8 | RSM9 | RSM10 | |||||
| 必需氨基酸EAA | ||||||||||||||
| 缬氨酸Val | 59.9ab | 51.7c | 55.1bc | 62.5a | 56.7abc | 56.6bc | 43.6d | 59.1ab | 60.6ab | 56.9abc | 56.3 | 2.05 | 9.59 | <0.001 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 73.7ab | 65.4c | 71.2ab | 76.3a | 68.9bc | 72.7ab | 69.4bc | 73.9ab | 77.0a | 75.5a | 72.4 | 1.85 | 5.08 | <0.001 |
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 65.0ab | 57.2c | 61.6bc | 67.3a | 64.1ab | 64.7ab | 51.2d | 61.6bc | 68.1a | 66.3ab | 62.7 | 1.85 | 8.23 | <0.001 |
| 亮氨酸Leu | 70.2abc | 64.0de | 66.5cd | 72.7ab | 69.7bcd | 67.1bcd | 58.5e | 68.5bcd | 72.6ab | 75.6a | 68.5 | 2.00 | 7.14 | <0.001 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 55.1ab | 46.2cd | 51.3bc | 58.7a | 53.4ab | 51.9bc | 43.3d | 51.1bc | 59.0a | 55.1ab | 52.5 | 2.11 | 9.48 | <0.001 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 69.8bc | 63.6d | 67.4cd | 74.1b | 71.1bc | 69.1bcd | 57.6e | 71.5bc | 73.4b | 82.9a | 70.1 | 1.86 | 9.52 | <0.001 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 60.3b | 51.2c | 59.2b | 68.9a | 48.5c | 63.7ab | 48.0c | 66.4ab | 70.3a | 64.2ab | 60.1 | 2.43 | 13.73 | <0.001 |
| 组氨酸His | 72.5ab | 64.3de | 70.7bc | 75.4ab | 67.0cd | 72.2abc | 61.6e | 71.5bc | 77.4a | 71.1bc | 70.4 | 1.88 | 6.86 | <0.001 |
| 精氨酸Arg | 76.1bcd | 71.6d | 73.6cd | 79.6ab | 75.9bcd | 76.6bc | 63.9e | 78.1abc | 78.9ab | 83.3a | 75.8 | 1.69 | 6.96 | <0.001 |
| 色氨酸Trp | 67.6ab | 60.1c | 62.3bc | 68.5ab | 69.6a | 67.4ab | 58.2c | 69.8a | 73.5a | 73.0a | 67.0 | 2.33 | 7.75 | <0.001 |
| 非必需氨基酸NEAA | ||||||||||||||
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 59.3cd | 51.3f | 56.3def | 65.5ab | 52.6ef | 60.5bcd | 44.4g | 58.7de | 65.2abc | 68.8a | 58.3 | 2.14 | 12.72 | <0.001 |
| 丝氨酸Ser | 58.6ab | 50.5c | 56.5ab | 62.5a | 56.0bc | 57.2ab | 43.8d | 58.4ab | 58.9ab | 61.2ab | 56.4 | 2.00 | 9.71 | <0.001 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | 76.3bc | 68.8e | 74.1cd | 79.1ab | 71.0de | 74.7bcd | 67.0e | 75.0bcd | 76.3bc | 82.3a | 74.5 | 1.60 | 6.17 | <0.001 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | 62.0bcd | 53.1ef | 58.0cde | 65.7ab | 56.6de | 59.9bcd | 49.0f | 63.6abc | 68.5a | 59.3cde | 59.6 | 2.10 | 9.76 | <0.001 |
| 丙氨酸Ala | 67.7bcd | 59.9ef | 63.2de | 70.6abc | 63.8de | 64.9cde | 55.7f | 64.0de | 71.7ab | 73.7a | 65.5 | 2.06 | 8.43 | <0.001 |
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 71.8a | 68.8bcd | 72.4a | 72.4a | 67.9cd | 71.3ab | 66.9d | 71.8ab | 70.0abc | 66.9d | 70.0 | 1.04 | 3.18 | <0.001 |
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 66.5c | 60.3d | 65.8cd | 71.7ab | 66.5c | 67.5bc | 53.4e | 67.2bc | 62.4cd | 73.7a | 65.5 | 1.80 | 8.78 | <0.001 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 64.7cde | 59.5f | 65.3cd | 67.7bc | 66.2bcd | 63.9de | 58.8f | 62.9e | 73.5a | 68.7b | 65.1 | 1.07 | 6.65 | <0.001 |
表5 中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对不同来源菜籽粕的氨基酸SIDTable 5 Amino acids SID of rapeseed meal from different sources in medium-growing yellow-feathered broilers |
| 项目 Items | 菜籽粕编号Rapeseed meal numbers | 平均值 Mean | 合并标准误 Pooled SE | 变异系数 CV | P值 P-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RSM1 | RSM2 | RSM3 | RSM4 | RSM5 | RSM6 | RSM7 | RSM8 | RSM9 | RSM10 | |||||
| 必需氨基酸EAA | ||||||||||||||
| 缬氨酸Val | 67.1ab | 59.8c | 62.4bc | 70.4a | 65.3abc | 65.6abc | 52.0d | 67.0ab | 69.2a | 64.5abc | 64.3 | 2.02 | 8.26 | <0.001 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 76.9abc | 69.0d | 74.3bcd | 79.8ab | 72.9cd | 75.9abc | 72.7cd | 77.3abc | 80.8a | 78.6ab | 75.8 | 1.85 | 4.79 | 0.002 |
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 70.1ab | 62.8c | 66.6bc | 72.7a | 70.1ab | 69.9ab | 56.9d | 67.1bc | 74.1a | 71.1ab | 68.1 | 1.86 | 7.49 | <0.001 |
| 亮氨酸Leu | 74.7abc | 68.9de | 70.9cd | 77.4ab | 75.0abc | 71.7cd | 63.6e | 73.3bcd | 77.8ab | 79.4a | 73.3 | 2.01 | 6.45 | <0.001 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | 62.9ab | 55.0cd | 59.0bc | 67.1a | 62.9ab | 59.9bc | 51.6d | 59.8bc | 67.8a | 63.3ab | 60.9 | 2.11 | 8.24 | <0.001 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 74.9bc | 68.8de | 72.2cd | 79.3b | 76.7bc | 74.1bcd | 63.4e | 76.7bc | 79.2b | 85.7a | 75.1 | 1.87 | 8.16 | <0.001 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 65.3b | 57.5cd | 64.1bc | 74.1a | 57.6cd | 68.7ab | 53.6d | 71.6ab | 75.4a | 69.1ab | 65.7 | 2.43 | 11.37 | 0.004 |
| 组氨酸His | 75.8abc | 68.0de | 74.1bc | 79.1ab | 71.2cd | 75.8abc | 65.4e | 75.2bc | 81.1a | 74.8bc | 74.1 | 1.88 | 6.41 | <0.001 |
| 精氨酸Arg | 79.9bcd | 76.1d | 77.4cd | 83.6ab | 81.3abc | 80.5bcd | 68.6e | 82.3abc | 83.4ab | 86.0a | 79.9 | 1.69 | 6.18 | <0.001 |
| 色氨酸Trp | 72.4ab | 65.5c | 67.0bc | 73.9ab | 74.8a | 72.4ab | 63.4c | 75.0a | 79.0a | 77.9a | 72.1 | 2.33 | 7.24 | <0.001 |
| 非必需氨基酸NEAA | ||||||||||||||
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 65.5c | 58.2d | 62.5cd | 72.1ab | 60.5cd | 66.8bc | 51.7e | 65.4c | 73.1ab | 73.6a | 64.9 | 2.14 | 10.81 | <0.001 |
| 丝氨酸Ser | 66.8ab | 59.6c | 64.5bc | 71.2a | 65.7ab | 65.5abc | 53.1d | 67.4ab | 68.7ab | 69.0ab | 65.2 | 2.01 | 8.07 | <0.001 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | 79.3bc | 72.2ef | 77.1cde | 82.4ab | 74.5def | 77.8cd | 70.4f | 78.4bcd | 79.7bc | 84.6a | 77.6 | 1.60 | 5.61 | <0.001 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | 66.9bc | 58.4de | 62.8cd | 71.1ab | 62.4cd | 65.0c | 54.3e | 68.8abc | 74.1a | 64.4cd | 64.8 | 2.11 | 9.02 | <0.001 |
| 丙氨酸Ala | 72.6ab | 65.2cd | 68.3bc | 75.9a | 69.4bc | 69.9bc | 61.2d | 69.3bc | 77.5a | 77.7a | 70.7 | 2.06 | 7.55 | <0.001 |
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 78.8ab | 76.5bcd | 79.1a | 80.4a | 77.6abc | 78.4abc | 74.2d | 79.0ab | 78.1abc | 75.4cd | 77.8 | 1.04 | 2.42 | <0.001 |
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 69.9bc | 63.9d | 69.0cd | 75.0ab | 70.8bc | 70.8bc | 57.5e | 70.7bc | 67.1cd | 76.6a | 69.1 | 1.80 | 7.86 | <0.001 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 69.0cd | 64.3e | 69.6bcd | 72.5b | 71.2bc | 68.4cd | 63.2e | 67.6d | 78.0a | 72.6b | 69.6 | 1.07 | 6.16 | <0.001 |
2.3 中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对菜籽粕的氨基酸SID与菜籽粕化学成分含量的相关性分析
表6 中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对菜籽粕的氨基酸SID与菜籽粕化学成分含量的相关性分析Table 6 Correlation analysis between amino acids SID of rapeseed meal for medium-growing yellow-feathered broilers and contents of chemical components in rapeseed meal |
| 项目 Items | 总能 GE/ (MJ/kg) | 粗蛋白质 CP/% | 粗脂肪 EE/% | 粗纤维 CF/% | 中性洗 涤纤维 NDF/% | 酸性洗 涤纤维 ADF/% | 粗灰分 Ash/% | 无氮 浸出物 NFE/% | 植酸 PA/(g/kg) | 硫代葡萄糖苷 GSL/ (mmol/kg) | 芥酸 EA/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 必需氨基酸SID EAA SID/% | |||||||||||
| 缬氨酸Val | -0.061 | 0.127 | -0.107 | -0.328 | -0.312 | -0.284 | 0.271 | 0.261 | -0.028 | -0.209 | -0.258 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | -0.651 | 0.463 | -0.653 | -0.202 | 0.049 | -0.100 | 0.454 | -0.030 | -0.418 | -0.920* | -0.601 |
| 异亮氨酸Ile | 0.363 | -0.387 | 0.421 | -0.510 | -0.427 | -0.273 | -0.158 | 0.592 | 0.319 | 0.419 | 0.155 |
| 亮氨酸Leu | -0.509 | 0.265 | -0.467 | -0.246 | 0.170 | 0.053 | 0.539 | -0.002 | -0.209 | -0.879 | -0.413 |
| 苏氨酸Thr | -0.322 | 0.081 | -0.283 | -0.265 | -0.003 | -0.003 | 0.534 | 0.064 | -0.153 | -0.629 | -0.287 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | -0.506 | 0.295 | -0.466* | -0.305 | 0.154 | 0.000 | 0.466 | 0.087 | -0.203 | -0.873* | -0.445 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | -0.342 | 0.523 | -0.392 | -0.617 | -0.719* | -0.779 | -0.043 | 0.540 | -0.086 | -0.143 | -0.690* |
| 组氨酸His | -0.681* | 0.471 | -0.693* | -0.148 | -0.005 | -0.128 | 0.448 | -0.065 | -0.488 | -0.896* | -0.628 |
| 精氨酸Arg | -0.489 | 0.297 | -0.463 | -0.283 | 0.135 | -0.014 | 0.483 | 0.103 | -0.179 | -0.859* | -0.446 |
| 色氨酸Trp | -0.144 | 0.110 | -0.121 | -0.494 | 0.103 | -0.056 | 0.284 | 0.390 | 0.039 | -0.603 | -0.239 |
| 非必需氨基酸SID NEAA SID/% | |||||||||||
| 天冬氨酸Asp | -0.609 | 0.408 | -0.567 | -0.506 | -0.283 | -0.364 | 0.327 | 0.299 | -0.151 | -0.677* | -0.661 |
| 丝氨酸Ser | 0.311 | -0.088 | 0.317 | -0.632 | -0.542 | -0.477 | -0.163 | 0.619 | 0.277 | 0.374 | -0.036 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | -0.685* | 0.462 | -0.663 | -0.271 | 0.014 | -0.128 | 0.440 | 0.010 | -0.362 | -0.911* | -0.623 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | -0.255 | 0.426 | -0.329 | -0.417 | -0.430 | -0.482 | 0.207 | 0.269 | -0.184 | -0.324 | -0.518 |
| 丙氨酸Ala | 0.072 | -0.068 | 0.156 | -0.738* | -0.559 | -0.465 | -0.096 | 0.617 | 0.380 | 0.228 | -0.148 |
| 半胱氨酸Cys | -0.661 | 0.421 | -0.686 | 0.131 | 0.246 | 0.115 | 0.553 | -0.325 | -0.542 | -0.961* | -0.496 |
| 酪氨酸Tyr | -0.315 | 0.158 | -0.260 | -0.555 | -0.147 | -0.231 | 0.295 | 0.408 | -0.072 | -0.561 | -0.404 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 0.096 | -0.253 | 0.185 | -0.494 | -0.122 | -0.083 | 0.161 | 0.406 | 0.027 | -0.126 | 0.009 |
2.4 中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对菜籽粕的氨基酸SID与菜籽粕必需氨基酸含量的相关性分析
表7 中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对菜籽粕的氨基酸SID与菜籽粕必需氨基酸含量的相关性分析Table 7 Correlation analysis between amino acids SID of rapeseed meal for medium-growing yellow-feathered broilers and contents of essential amino acids in rapeseed meal |
| 项目 Items | 缬氨酸 Val/% | 蛋氨酸 Met/% | 异亮氨酸 Ile/% | 亮氨酸 Leu/% | 苏氨酸 The/% | 苯丙氨酸 Phe/% | 赖氨酸 Lys/% | 组氨酸 His/% | 精氨酸 Arg/% | 色氨酸 Trp/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 必需氨基酸SID EAA SID/% | ||||||||||
| 缬氨酸Val | 0.350 | 0.100 | 0.351 | 0.364 | 0.313 | 0.486 | 0.202 | 0.209 | 0.353 | 0.139 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.818* | -0.154 | 0.777* | 0.804* | 0.785* | 0.924* | 0.063 | 0.424 | 0.282 | 0.351* |
| 异亮氨酸Ile | -0.213 | -0.327 | -0.179 | -0.215 | -0.256 | -0.155 | 0.128 | -0.134 | 0.120 | 0.288 |
| 亮氨酸Leu | 0.720* | -0.367 | 0.665 | 0.688* | 0.636 | 0.920* | -0.117 | 0.347 | 0.147 | 0.340* |
| 苏氨酸The | 0.499 | -0.286 | 0.457 | 0.476 | 0.418 | 0.780* | -0.114 | 0.149 | 0.105 | 0.269* |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 0.764* | -0.401 | 0.713* | 0.730* | 0.676* | 0.908* | -0.052 | 0.418 | 0.213 | 0.408* |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.424 | -0.066 | 0.492 | 0.496 | 0.497 | 0.285 | 0.745* | 0.272 | 0.751* | 0.554* |
| 组氨酸His | 0.784* | -0.071 | 0.747* | 0.776* | 0.772* | 0.892* | 0.091 | 0.374 | 0.269 | 0.317* |
| 精氨酸Arg | 0.774* | -0.328 | 0.721* | 0.740* | 0.683* | 0.919* | -0.024 | 0.445 | 0.234 | 0.357 |
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.718* | -0.366 | 0.675 | 0.670* | 0.575 | 0.805* | -0.011 | 0.571 | 0.321 | 0.394* |
| 非必需氨基酸SID NEAA SID/% | ||||||||||
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 0.657 | -0.454 | 0.654 | 0.667* | 0.652 | 0.714* | 0.296 | 0.293 | 0.413 | 0.599* |
| 丝氨酸Ser | -0.079 | -0.226 | -0.016 | -0.038 | -0.095 | -0.084 | 0.356 | -0.012 | 0.416 | 0.378 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | 0.788* | -0.296 | 0.754* | 0.779* | 0.764* | 0.888* | 0.081 | 0.379 | 0.281 | 0.439* |
| 甘氨酸Gly | 0.513 | 0.137 | 0.539 | 0.558 | 0.526 | 0.545 | 0.421 | 0.320 | 0.579 | 0.293* |
| 丙氨酸Ala | -0.064 | -0.619 | -0.003 | -0.026 | -0.057 | -0.055 | 0.322 | -0.104 | 0.329 | 0.576 |
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 0.739* | 0.079 | 0.673* | 0.714* | 0.709* | 0.904* | -0.113 | 0.335 | 0.074 | 0.078* |
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 0.587 | -0.512 | 0.572 | 0.570 | 0.506 | 0.706* | 0.124 | 0.305 | 0.335 | 0.571 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 0.129 | -0.551 | 0.125* | 0.105 | 0.025 | 0.335 | -0.094 | -0.041 | 0.078 | 0.454 |
2.5 中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对菜籽粕的氨基酸SID与菜籽粕非必需氨基酸含量的相关性分析
表8 中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对菜籽粕的氨基酸SID与菜籽粕非必需氨基酸含量的相关性分析Table 8 Correlation analysis between amino acids SID of rapeseed meal for medium-growing yellow-feathered broilers and contents of non-essential amino acids in rapeseed meal |
| 项目 Items | 天冬氨酸 Asp/% | 丝氨酸 Ser/% | 谷氨酸 Ser/% | 甘氨酸 Gly/% | 丙氨酸 Ala/% | 半胱氨酸 Cys/% | 酪氨酸 Tyr/% | 脯氨酸 Pro/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 必需氨基酸SID EAA SID/% | ||||||||
| 缬氨酸Val | 0.425 | 0.320 | 0.066 | 0.231 | 0.293 | 0.175 | 0.665 | 0.200 |
| 蛋氨酸Met | 0.757* | 0.731* | 0.310 | 0.675* | 0.765* | -0.093 | 0.860 | 0.443 |
| 异亮氨酸Ile | -0.174 | -0.264 | -0.164 | -0.281 | -0.282 | -0.262 | 0.110 | -0.147 |
| 亮氨酸Leu | 0.593 | 0.590 | 0.271 | 0.551 | 0.645* | -0.326 | 0.773 | 0.385 |
| 苏氨酸The | 0.433 | 0.392 | 0.070 | 0.308 | 0.406 | -0.291 | 0.794 | 0.204 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phe | 0.631 | 0.616 | 0.328 | 0.602 | 0.688* | -0.313 | 0.749 | 0.439 |
| 赖氨酸Lys | 0.689* | 0.487 | 0.140 | 0.367 | 0.410 | 0.236 | 0.669 | 0.273 |
| 组氨酸His | 0.753* | 0.713* | 0.245 | 0.643 | 0.734* | -0.035 | 0.877 | 0.387 |
| 精氨酸Arg | 0.651 | 0.618 | 0.315 | 0.609 | 0.696* | -0.236 | 0.751 | 0.437 |
| 色氨酸Trp | 0.537 | 0.516 | 0.435 | 0.572 | 0.627* | -0.216 | 0.627 | 0.528 |
| 非必需氨基酸SID NEAA SID/% | ||||||||
| 天冬氨酸Asp | 0.706* | 0.595 | 0.184 | 0.508 | 0.596 | -0.284 | 0.810 | 0.308 |
| 丝氨酸Ser | 0.064 | -0.054 | -0.010 | -0.126 | -0.123 | -0.028 | 0.272 | 0.046 |
| 谷氨酸Glu | 0.740* | 0.710* | 0.292 | 0.645 | 0.736* | -0.215 | 0.840 | 0.414 |
| 甘氨酸Gly | 0.667* | 0.545 | 0.197 | 0.421 | 0.483 | 0.304 | 0.807 | 0.350 |
| 丙氨酸Ala | 0.074 | -0.032 | -0.049 | -0.126 | -0.105 | -0.426 | 0.271 | -0.030 |
| 半胱氨酸Cys | 0.646 | 0.655 | 0.215 | 0.608 | 0.697* | 0.024 | 0.751 | 0.345 |
| 酪氨酸Tyr | 0.532 | 0.448 | 0.211 | 0.415 | 0.489 | -0.354 | 0.747 | 0.332 |
| 脯氨酸Pro | 0.049 | 0.004 | -0.020 | -0.031 | 0.014 | -0.492 | 0.479 | 0.059 |
2.6 中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对菜籽粕的氨基酸SID预测方程构建
表9 基于不同来源菜籽粕的化学成分和氨基酸含量的中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对菜籽粕氨基酸SID的预测方程Table 9 Predicting equations of amino acids SID of rapeseed meal for medium-growing yellow-feathered broilers based on contents of chemical component and amino acid contents in rapeseed meal from different sources |
| 预测方程 Predicting equations | 决定系数 R2 | 相对标准偏差 RSD | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 必需氨基酸EAA | |||
| Met SID=-15.28-3.54GE+0.88NFE-3.20Glu+89.49Phe | 0.996 | 0.511 | <0.001 |
| Leu SID=-54.45+73.25Phe | 0.982 | 0.363 | <0.001 |
| Thr SID=40.21-1.63CP+80.60Tyr | 0.902 | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Phe SID=-32.88-1.24CP-0.31EA-19.91Met+99.84Phe | 0.994 | 0.992 | <0.001 |
| Lys SID=-33.42+5.14Ash-0.55ADF+1.76NFE+10.34Met+19.39Tyr | 0.991 | 0.010 | 0.002 |
| His SID=12.10-0.24GSL+56.6Tyr | 0.919 | 2.486 | 0.001 |
| Arg SID=-26.96-12.25Met+68.39Tyr | 0.939 | 0.741 | <0.001 |
| Trp SID=-53.27+1.20NFE+52.77Phe | 0.912 | 0.970 | 0.001 |
| 非必需氨基酸NEAA | |||
| Asp SID=-14.13-19Met+87.02Tyr | 0.849 | 3.053 | 0.004 |
| Glu SID=40.80+1.42NFE-0.52GSL | 0.933 | 1.175 | <0.001 |
| Gly SID=10.98+48.90Tyr | 0.651 | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Ala SID=181.45-2.45CF-9.61Glu-3.12Lys | 0.905 | 1.139 | 0.005 |
| Cys SID=73.98-0.30GSL+7.81Met | 0.951 | 1.806 | <0.001 |
| Tyr SID=26.23-14.45Met+49.14Tyr | 0.805 | 2.204 | 0.007 |
| Pro SID=48.78+0.57EE+0.20NFE-19.63Ser-6.52Met+52.92Tyr | 0.994 | 0.178 | 0.002 |
SID:标准回肠消化率Standardized ileal digestibility;Met:蛋氨酸 methionine;Leu:亮氨酸 leucine;Thr:苏氨酸 threonine;Phe:苯丙氨酸 phenylalanine;Lys:赖氨酸 lysine;His:组氨酸 histidine;Arg:精氨酸 arginine;Trp:色氨酸 tryptophan;Asp:天冬氨酸 aspartate;Glu:谷氨酸 glutamate;Gly:甘氨酸 glycine;Ala:丙氨酸 alanine;Cys:半胱氨酸 cysteine;Tyr:酪氨酸 tyrosine;Pro:脯氨酸 proline;GE:总能 gross energy;NFE:无氮浸出物 nitrogen free extract;CP:粗蛋白质 crude protein;EA:芥酸 erucic acid;Ash:粗灰分 crude ash;ADF:酸性洗涤纤维 acid detergent fiber;GSL:硫代葡萄糖苷 glucosinolates;CF:粗纤维 crude fiber;EE:粗脂肪 ether extract。下表同 the same as below。 |
2.7 中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对菜籽粕氨基酸SID预测方程的预测准确性检验
表10 用菜籽粕样品9检验中速型黄羽肉仔鸡对菜籽粕氨基酸SID预测方程的准确性评价Table 10 Accuracy evaluation of predicting equations of amino acids SID of wheat for medium-growing yellow-feathered broilers used rapeseed meals sample 9 for testing |
| 项目 Items | 实测平均值±标准差 Measured mean±SD | 预测值 Predicted value | 差值 Difference value | 准确性评价 Accuracy evaluation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Met SID | 80.8±2.3 | 80.2 | 0.6 | 准确 | |||||
| Thr SID | 67.8±1.7 | 68.1 | 0.3 | 准确 | |||||
| Leu SID | 77.8±3.9 | 74.4 | 3.4 | 准确 | |||||
| Phe SID | 79.2±3.1 | 77.4 | 1.8 | 准确 | |||||
| Lys SID | 75.4±5.4 | 76.6 | 1.2 | 准确 | |||||
| His SID | 81.1±3.3 | 71.8 | 9.3 | 不准确 | |||||
| Arg SID | 83.4±3.4 | 81.7 | 1.7 | 准确 | |||||
| Trp SID | 79.0±3.0 | 76.4 | 2.6 | 准确 | |||||
| Asp SID | 73.1±3.6 | 69.5 | 3.6 | 准确 | |||||
| Glu SID | 79.7±2.2 | 80.8 | 1.1 | 准确 | |||||
| Gly SID | 74.1±3.6 | 83.1 | 9.0 | 不准确 | |||||
| Ala SID | 77.5±3.9 | 81.4 | 3.9 | 准确 | |||||
| Cys SID | 78.1±2.8 | 75.4 | 2.7 | 准确 | |||||
| Tyr SID | 67.1±5.0 | 70.9 | 3.8 | 准确 | |||||
| Pro SID | 78.0±1.8 | 76.7 | 1.3 | 准确 | |||||
| Met SID | 80.8±2.3 | 80.2 | 0.6 | 准确 | |||||
| Thr SID | 67.8±1.7 | 68.1 | 0.3 | 准确 | |||||
| Leu SID | 77.8±3.9 | 74.4 | 3.4 | 准确 |
