1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计与饲养管理
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrition levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) |
| 原料Ingredients | 含量Content | 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | 含量Content | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 玉米Corn | 61.00 | 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 11.30 | |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 24.50 | 粗蛋白质CP | 16.10 | |
| 小麦麸Wheat bran | 1.80 | 钙Ca | 3.90 | |
| 石粉Limestone | 9.00 | 总磷TP | 0.56 | |
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 0.70 | 有效磷AP | 0.33 | |
| 预混料Premix1) | 3.00 | 赖氨酸Lys | 0.80 | |
| 合计Total | 100.00 | 蛋氨酸Met | 0.37 |
1)预混料为每千克饲粮提供The premix provided the following per kg of the diet:VA 10 000 IU,VD3 1 800 IU,VE 10 IU,VK3 10 mg,VB6 5 mg,VB12 5 ug,硫胺素 thiamine 1 mg,核黄素 riboflavin 4.5 mg,烟酰胺 nicotinamide 24.5 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 16 mg,生物素 biotin 1 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1 mg,氯化胆碱 choline chloride 500 mg,Mn 60 mg,Fe 80 mg,Cu 8 mg,Zn 60 mg,I 0.4 mg,Se 0.3 mg。 2)粗蛋白质、钙和总磷为实测值,其余为计算值。CP, Ca and TP were measured values, while the others were calculated values. |
1.3 测定指标与方法
1.3.1 生产性能
1.3.2 蛋品质
1.3.3 血清生化指标与生殖激素
1.3.4 输卵管中抗氧化指标
1.3.5 输卵管中炎性因子基因表达
表2 实时荧光定量PCR引物序列Table 2 Primer sequences for real time quantitative PCR |
| 基因名称 Gene names | 引物序列 Primers sequence (5'—3') | 产物长度 Product size/bp |
|---|---|---|
| 白细胞介素-1β IL-1β | F:CCGCTACACCCGCTCACAGT R:TGCCGCTCATCACACACGAC | 242 |
| 白细胞介素-6 IL-6 | F:GCCTGTTCGCCTTTCAGACCTAC R:TCGGGATTTATCACCATCTGCC | 133 |
| 白细胞介素-10 IL-10 | F:CACAGATGAGGTCCTGCCCC R:AGGTGAAGAAGCGGTGACAGC | 125 |
| 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α | F:AACTATCCTCACCCCTACCCTGTC R:GGGCGGTCATAGAACAGCACT | 161 |
| 甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶GAPDH | F:GCTGTGGAGAGATGGCAGAGGTG R:GACGGCAGGTCAGGTCAACAAC | 164 |
1.3.6 盲肠微生物
1.4 数据处理与分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 发酵中草药对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能的影响
表3 发酵中草药对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能的影响Table 3 Effects of fermented Chinese herbal medicine on performance of laying hens during later laying period |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | FM1 | FM2 | FM3 | |||
| 第1~4周Weeks 1 to 4 | ||||||
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 112.11 | 112.02 | 110.66 | 111.58 | 0.373 | 0.474 |
| 产蛋率Laying rate/% | 83.57 | 87.08 | 83.79 | 83.56 | 0.863 | 0.363 |
| 不合格蛋率Percentage of unqualified eggs/% | 3.45a | 1.98b | 1.79b | 2.01b | 0.151 | 0.013 |
| 平均蛋重Average egg weight/g | 60.78b | 60.89ab | 61.12a | 60.84ab | 0.052 | 0.021 |
| 料蛋比F/E ratio | 2.21 | 2.13 | 2.19 | 2.22 | 0.022 | 0.450 |
| 第5~8周Weeks 5 to 8 | ||||||
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 106.77b | 109.08a | 111.07a | 107.14ab | 0.256 | 0.022 |
| 产蛋率Laying rate/% | 76.26b | 83.08a | 85.41a | 80.31ab | 1.016 | 0.028 |
| 不合格蛋率Percentage of unqualified eggs/% | 4.19b | 0.73a | 0.33a | 0.63a | 0.167 | 0.011 |
| 平均蛋重Average egg weight/g | 60.53 | 60.69 | 61.07 | 60.90 | 0.090 | 0.208 |
| 料蛋比F/E ratio | 2.33 | 2.17 | 2.17 | 2.23 | 0.028 | 0.261 |
| 第1~8周Weeks 1 to 8 | ||||||
| 平均日采食量ADFI/(g/d) | 109.44 | 110.55 | 110.86 | 109.47 | 0.252 | 0.097 |
| 产蛋率Laying rate/% | 79.92b | 85.08a | 84.60a | 81.94ab | 0.673 | 0.048 |
| 不合格蛋率Percentage of unqualified eggs/% | 3.82a | 1.35b | 1.06b | 1.31b | 0.097 | 0.011 |
| 平均蛋重Average egg weight/g | 60.59b | 60.68ab | 61.09a | 60.84ab | 0.052 | 0.012 |
| 料蛋比F/E ratio | 2.27 | 2.15 | 2.18 | 2.23 | 0.018 | 0.148 |
同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。 | |
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 发酵中草药对产蛋后期蛋鸡蛋品质的影响
表4 发酵中草药对产蛋后期蛋鸡蛋品质的影响Table 4 Effects of fermented Chinese herbal medicine on egg quality of laying hens during later laying period |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | FM1 | FM2 | FM3 | |||
| 第28天Day 28 | ||||||
| 蛋壳强度Eggshell strength/N | 33.61 | 33.06 | 32.61 | 34.51 | 0.436 | 0.485 |
| 蛋壳厚度Eggshell thickness/mm | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.38 | 0.007 | 0.640 |
| 蛋白高度Albumen height/mm | 5.63 | 5.47 | 5.76 | 5.78 | 0.054 | 0.165 |
| 哈氏单位Haugh unit | 73.03 | 71.61 | 73.43 | 73.97 | 0.433 | 0.239 |
| 蛋壳比率Eggshell percentage/% | 10.86 | 10.48 | 10.96 | 10.56 | 0.080 | 0.057 |
| 第56天Day 56 | ||||||
| 蛋壳强度Eggshell strength/N | 33.61 | 33.06 | 32.61 | 34.51 | 0.436 | 0.485 |
| 蛋壳厚度Eggshell thickness/mm | 0.40 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.38 | 0.011 | 0.662 |
| 蛋白高度Albumen height/mm | 5.29b | 5.61ab | 5.92a | 5.65ab | 0.074 | 0.030 |
| 哈氏单位Haugh unit | 69.74b | 71.92ab | 75.72a | 72.15ab | 0.683 | 0.017 |
| 蛋壳比率Eggshell percentage/% | 10.65 | 10.30 | 10.92 | 10.45 | 0.087 | 0.057 |
2.3 发酵中草药对产蛋后期蛋鸡血清生化指标与生殖激素的影响
表5 发酵中草药对产蛋后期蛋鸡血清生化指标与生殖激素的影响Table 5 Effects of fermented Chinese herbal medicine on serum biochemical indices and reproductive hormones of laying hens during later laying stage |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | FM1 | FM2 | FM3 | |||
| 总胆固醇TC/(mmol/L) | 3.13 | 3.27 | 3.54 | 3.26 | 0.118 | 0.055 |
| 甘油三酯TG/(mmol/L) | 14.16a | 12.29b | 12.27b | 12.21b | 0.464 | 0.021 |
| 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇HDL-C/(mmol/L) | 0.93 | 1.10 | 1.21 | 0.98 | 0.056 | 0.320 |
| 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LDL-C/(mmol/L) | 1.23 | 1.03 | 1.41 | 0.91 | 0.075 | 0.065 |
| 乳酸脱氢酶LDH/(U/L) | 1 014.24 | 859.14 | 1 018.52 | 1 062.23 | 42.810 | 0.340 |
| 肌酸激酶CK/(U/L) | 4 828.16 | 4 382.96 | 4 741.65 | 5 072.59 | 90.181 | 0.056 |
| 碱性磷酸酶ALP/(U/L) | 302.48a | 275.78b | 263.35b | 193.17b | 14.789 | 0.026 |
| 促黄体生成素LH/(mIU/mL) | 7.69b | 9.99a | 10.98a | 10.57a | 0.470 | 0.049 |
| 促卵泡生成素FSH/(mIU/mL) | 18.95 | 22.70 | 20.95 | 21.29 | 0.672 | 0.275 |
| 孕酮PROG/(nmol/L) | 9.87 | 11.52 | 13.15 | 13.34 | 0.585 | 0.117 |
| 雌二醇E2/(pmol/L) | 37.02 | 44.07 | 48.02 | 46.23 | 1.623 | 0.074 |
2.4 发酵中草药对产蛋后期蛋鸡输卵管中抗氧化指标的影响
表6 发酵中草药对产蛋后期蛋鸡输卵管中抗氧化指标的影响Table 6 Effects of fermented Chinese herbal medicine on antioxidant indices in oviduct of laying hens during later laying stage |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | FM1 | FM2 | FM3 | |||
| 总抗氧化能力T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 1.38 | 1.45 | 1.41 | 1.40 | 0.024 | 0.827 |
| 超氧化物歧化酶SOD/(U/mg prot) | 19.29 | 20.97 | 19.79 | 22.00 | 0.585 | 0.592 |
| 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) | 44.59 | 48.94 | 46.68 | 49.06 | 0.848 | 0.198 |
| 丙二醛MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.09 | 1.05 | 0.025 | 0.815 |
