Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2026 , Vol. 38 >Issue 9: 7120 - 7131

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12418/CJAN2026.567

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Proportion of Reed Replacing Corn Stalk on Nutritional Quality and in Vitro Rumen Degradation, Methane Generation and Fermentation Parameters of Fermented Total Mixed Ration

  • LIU Lili , 1 ,
  • YUAN Weiwei 1 ,
  • LIU Xiaoqian 1 ,
  • Yidengsurong Cairima 1 ,
  • ZHANG Xiumin 2 ,
  • PU Xuanxuan , 1, 3, 4, * ,
  • GUO Xuefeng , 1, 3, 4, *
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  • 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Aral 843300, China
  • 2 Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410000, China
  • 3 Key Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Tarim, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Aral 843300, China
  • 4 Key Laboratory of Circular Utilization of Tarim Animal and Grass Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Aral 843300, China
* PU Xuanxuan, associate professor, E-mail: ;
GUO Xuefeng, professor, E-mail:

Received date: 2026-01-28

  Online published: 2026-09-12

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Abstract

This experiment aimed to use reed to replace corn stalk in the production of fermented total mixed rations (FTMR), to investigate the effects of proportion of reed replacing corn stalk on nutritional quality and in vitro rumen degradation, methane (CH4) generation and fermentation parameters of FTMR. There were 5 groups in the experiment, and the proportions of reed replacing corn stalk were 0 (group A), 25% (group B), 50% (group C), 75% (group D) and 100% (group E), respectively. The results showed as follows: 1) with the proportion of reed replacing corn stalk increasing, the sensory quality of FTMR gradually improved, and the FTMR overall scores of groups C, D and E were greater than 16 scores, rated as grade Ⅰ excellent. 2) Compared with group A, the pH and acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid contents in FTMR of groups D and E were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the lactic acid content and lactic acid/acetic acid were significantly increased (P<0.05). 3) Compared with group A, the content of dry matter (DM) in FTMR of groups D and E was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the contents of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude ash (Ash) in FTMR of groups C, D and E were significantly increased (P<0.05). 4) Compared with group A, the in vitro rumen DM degradation rate of groups D and E was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the in vitro rumen total gas production, CH4 content, CH4 production and CH4 production/DM degradation rate of groups B, C, D and E were significantly decreased (P<0.05). 5) Compared with group A, the in vitro rumen ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content groups B, C, D and E was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the in vitro rumen isovaleric acid content of groups D and E was significantly increased (P<0.05). In summary, the reed replacing corn stalk can improve the nutritional quality of FTMR, when the replacement proportion is 50%, it can effectively reduce the in vitro rumen CH4 production, and have no negative effects on in vitro rumen degradation and fermentation.

Key words： reed; corn stalk; FTMR; in vitro rumen fermentation; CH4 production

Cite this article

LIU Lili , YUAN Weiwei , LIU Xiaoqian , Yidengsurong Cairima , ZHANG Xiumin , PU Xuanxuan , GUO Xuefeng . Effects of Proportion of Reed Replacing Corn Stalk on Nutritional Quality and in Vitro Rumen Degradation, Methane Generation and Fermentation Parameters of Fermented Total Mixed Ration[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2026 , 38(9) : 7120 -7131 . DOI: 10.12418/CJAN2026.567

新疆是我国畜牧业大区,据统计,2024年新疆羊只存栏量4 004.94万只,出栏量3 398.32万只,羊肉产量60.74万t[1]。随着新疆畜牧业的发展,优质饲草料资源短缺、粗饲料资源利用效率较低等问题日益突出。新疆地区芦苇资源丰富,主要分布在博斯腾湖及塔里木河、车尔臣河、叶尔羌河等中下游段,其中博斯腾湖及附近沼泽芦苇总面积高达4万hm2左右,年产量可达30万t[2]。芦苇是一种生长在湿地和旱地的禾本科植物,具有生长快、适应性强及产量高等优势[3],目前多用于生态修复[4]、制作复合相变材料[5]、造纸与建筑材料等[6]。研究发现,芦苇营养价值丰富,可作为反刍动物潜在的非常规饲料资源[7-8]。芦苇中粗蛋白质(CP)含量随着其生长阶段的延长不断降低,粗纤维含量则逐步升高[9]。黄丹等[10]研究表明,抽穗期芦苇的营养价值较高,其CP含量为10.23%,粗脂肪(EE)含量为5.68%,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量为69.63%,酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量为36.25%,粗灰分(Ash)含量为7.87%。青贮是保存青绿芦苇的有效方式,可有效提高其有机物消化率[11],并以抽穗期为最佳调制时期[12]。王亭帅[13]研究发现,抽穗期芦苇青贮饲喂肉羊的经济效益最高。研究表明,饲粮中添加21%芦苇青贮对羊肉品质无负面影响[14]。混贮也可有效促进芦苇秸秆的利用,郁万瑞等[8]研究发现,芦苇秸秆与残次香梨以40∶60的比例混贮后,可有效改善体外瘤胃发酵参数。综上所述,芦苇作为潜在粗饲料资源,可有效缓解新疆优质饲草资源短缺问题。
甲烷(CH4)是造成温室效应的重要气体,其增温潜能是二氧化碳(CO2)的25倍[15-16]。据报道,全球温室气体90%以上是由人类生产活动产生[17],其中18%来自畜牧业[18]。反刍动物经瘤胃发酵产生的CH4会造成2%~12%的能量浪费[19]。大量研究表明,使用CH4抑制剂如甘草酸单铵盐[20]、硝酸盐[21]以及调整饲粮营养结构与牧草质量[22]、调节饲粮精粗比[23-24]和青贮饲料[25]等可有效降低瘤胃CH4产量。发酵全混合日粮(FTMR)也可作为降低反刍动物CH4排放量的有效措施之一[26-27]。因此,为促进芦苇资源高效饲料化利用,本试验利用芦苇替代玉米秸秆制作FTMR,探究其替代比例对FTMR发酵品质、营养物质含量、体外瘤胃发酵参数及CH4生成的影响,以明确芦苇在FTMR制作中的适宜比例,为促进芦苇资源高效饲料化利用提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

试验所用芦苇于新疆阿拉尔十团收割,采集时期为抽穗期;玉米、棉籽粕、麦麸、食盐、预混料及玉米秸秆均购买于新疆阿克苏泰昆饲料责任有限公司。

1.2 FTMR的制作及样品采集

芦苇刈割后揉碎为2~3 cm,玉米秸秆粉碎为2~3 cm。试验共5组,芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例分别为0(A组)、25%(B组)、50%(C组)、75%(D组)和100%(E组)。FTMR的制作:将玉米、棉籽粕、麦麸、食盐、预混料、玉米秸秆及芦苇秸秆分别按表1比例混合均匀后,调节水分含量至55%,装于聚丙乙烯袋中,抽真空后密封处理,于室温下进行发酵。发酵30 d后进行感官品质评定并进行样品采集。
表1 不同比例芦苇替代玉米秸秆后的全混合日粮组成(干物质基础)

Table 1 Composition of TMR after reed replacing corn stalk at different proportions (DM basis)

原料
Ingredients		 组别Groups
A B C D E
玉米Corn 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
棉籽粕Cottonseed meal 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
麦麸Wheat bran 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0
食盐NaCl 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
预混料Premix 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
芦苇Reed 12.5 25.0 37.5 50.0
玉米秸秆Corn stalk 50.0 37.5 25.0 12.5
合计Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

预混料为每千克全混合日粮提供

Premix provided the following per kilogram of TMR: VA 1 800 IU,VD 600 IU,VE 30 mg,Fe 65 mg,Se 0.15 mg,I 0.6 mg,Cu 10 mg,Mn 28 mg,Zn 45 mg。

样品采集:取发酵好的样品20 g,加入蒸馏水180 g,在4 ℃条件下放置24 h,过滤测定滤液pH,另取2 mL滤液于-20 ℃保存,用于有机酸含量的测定;取发酵样品100 g,65 ℃烘干后粉碎后过40目筛,用于营养物质含量测定及体外瘤胃发酵试验。

1.3 体外瘤胃发酵试验

试验于2024年10月在新疆阿拉尔市塔里木大学动物科学与技术学院实验站进行,试验获得塔里木大学科技伦理委员会的批准,伦理编号为PB20250618001。选取3只健康、体况良好、安装永久瘘管的绵羊,于晨饲前采集瘤胃液,经4层纱布过滤,装入保温瓶中备用。缓冲液采用Menke等[28]的方法进行配制,将配制好的缓冲液置于39.5 ℃的水浴锅预热,并持续通入二氧化碳(CO2),确保厌氧环境,将瘤胃液与缓冲液按1∶4的比例进行混合,配制人工瘤胃液。于150 mL发酵瓶内分别加入底物0.6 g,每组3个重复,在CO2气流下加入60 mL人工瘤胃液,立即用橡胶塞封闭,将发酵瓶放入全自动体外发酵系统于39.5 ℃下厌氧发酵48 h。排气压力设置10.0 kPa,排出的气体自动进入气相色谱仪(7890A,美国安捷伦公司),测定每个发酵瓶的CH4和氢气(H2)含量。
发酵48 h后,终止试验,使用便携式pH计测定pH;取2份2 mL上清液,一份用于氨态氮(NH3-N)含量测定,一份离心后与偏磷酸(25%)10∶1混合后,冷藏于-20 ℃用于VFA含量测定;残渣抽滤至提前称好的尼龙布,105 ℃烘干,测定干物质(DM)降解率。

1.4 指标测定

感官品质:根据德国农业协会(DLG)评分法[29]对气味、色泽及结构等指标进行评分。总分为20分,其中气味14分,色泽4分,结构2分;总评分16~20分为Ⅰ级优良,10~15分为Ⅱ级尚好,5~9分为Ⅲ级中等,0~4分为Ⅳ级腐败。
DM含量:参照GB/T 6435—2014的方法,通过烘干法测定;CP含量:参照GB/T 6432—2018的方法,通过凯氏定氮法测定;NDF和ADF含量:参照Van Soest等[30]的方法,使用Fibretherm全自动纤维分析仪(德国C.Gerhardt公司)测定;Ash含量:参照GB/T 6438—2007的方法,通过灼烧分解法测定。
NH3-N含量:参照冯宗慈等[31]的方法,通过苯酚-次氯酸钠比色法测定;挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量:参照Wang等[32]的方法,使用气相色谱仪(7890A,美国安捷伦公司)测定;总产气量及CH4、H2含量:参照Wang等[32]所述的公式计算;乳酸含量:参照Taylor[33]的方法,通过比色法测定。

1.5 数据统计与分析

试验数据用Excel 2016进行整理,采用SPSS 24.0软件进行单因素方差分析,差异显著者采用Duncan氏法进行多重比较,结果用平均值和均值标准误(SEM)表示,P<0.05为差异显著,0.05≤P<0.10为差异有显著的趋势。

2 结果

2.1 芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例对FTMR感官品质的影响

由表2可知,各组FTMR均无丁酸臭味,且有芳香果味;A组、B组FTMR色泽为褐色,C组、D组色泽为黄绿色,E组色泽为绿色;各组FTMR茎叶结构保持良好,无损,无霉菌污染,不粘手;A组、B组FTMR总评分小于16分,为Ⅱ级尚好,感官品质较好,C组、D组、E组FTMR总评分大于16分,为Ⅰ级优良,感官品质好。
表2 芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例对FTMR感官品质的影响

Table 2 Effects of proportion of reed replacing corn stalk on sensory quality of FTMR

项目
Items		 气味
Smell		 色泽
Colour and lustre		 结构
Construction		 总评分
Overall score		 等级
Class
A组Group A 无丁酸臭味,有芳香果味(11) 褐色(2) 茎叶结构保持良好(1) 14 Ⅱ级尚好
B组Group B 无丁酸臭味,有芳香果味(11) 褐色(2) 茎叶结构保持良好(1) 14 Ⅱ级尚好
C组Group C 无丁酸臭味,有芳香果味(12) 黄绿色(3) 茎叶结构保持良好(2) 17 Ⅰ级优良
D组Group D 无丁酸臭味,有芳香果味(13) 黄绿色(3) 茎叶结构保持良好(2) 18 Ⅰ级优良
E组Group E 无丁酸臭味,有芳香果味(13) 绿色(4) 茎叶结构保持良好(2) 19 Ⅰ级优良

括号内为得分。

The score is in parentheses。

2.2 芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例对FTMR发酵品质的影响

由表3可知,与A组相比,D组和E组FTMR的pH及乙酸、丙酸、丁酸含量显著降低(P<0.05),乳酸含量、乳酸/乙酸显著升高(P<0.05)。
表3 芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例对FTMR发酵品质的影响

Table 3 Effects of proportion of reed replacing corn stalk on fermentation quality of FTMR

项目
Items		 组别Groups SEM P值
P-value
A B C D E
pH 4.08a 4.02a 4.02a 3.90b 3.91b 0.015 <0.001
乳酸Lactic acid/(g/kg) 53.8c 53.9c 54.5bc 56.6ab 57.9a 0.433 0.002
乙酸Acetic acid/(g/kg) 14.7a 13.0b 12.3b 12.3b 10.9c 0.267 <0.001
丙酸Propionic acid/(g/kg) 1.03a 1.00a 0.86ab 0.70b 0.49c 0.047 <0.001
丁酸Butyric acid/(g/kg) 0.12a 0.12a 0.09ab 0.07b 0.03c 0.008 <0.001
乳酸/乙酸Lactic acid/acetic acid 3.67d 4.15c 4.45bc 4.60b 5.32a 0.116 <0.001

同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下表同。

In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below.

2.3 芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例对FTMR营养物质含量的影响

由表4可知,与A组相比,D组、E组FTMR的DM含量显著降低(P<0.05),C组、D组、E组CP含量显著升高(P<0.05),B组、C组、D组、E组NDF、ADF、Ash含量均显著升高(P<0.05)。
表4 芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例对FTMR营养物质含量的影响

Table 4 Effects of proportion of reed replacing corn stalk on nutrient contents of FTMR

项目
Items		 组别Groups SEM P值
P-value
A B C D E
干物质Dry matter 46.0a 45.4a 45.3a 43.9b 43.0b 0.241 <0.001
粗蛋白质Crude protein 11.8d 12.4d 13.3c 14.0b 14.9a 0.307 <0.001
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber 41.4e 42.0d 42.5c 42.8b 43.4a 0.183 <0.001
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber 22.8e 23.4d 24.1c 24.6b 25.0a 0.211 <0.001
粗灰分Crude ash 8.3d 8.8c 8.8c 9.5b 9.9a 0.148 <0.001

2.4 芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例对FTMR体外瘤胃降解及CH4生成的影响

由表5可知,与A组相比,D组、E组体外瘤胃DM降解率显著降低(P<0.05),B组、C组、D组、E组体外瘤胃总产气量、CH4含量、CH4产量、CH4产量/DM降解率均显著降低(P<0.05),B组、C组、D组、E组体外瘤胃H2含量、H2产量、H2产量/DM降解率均差异不显著(P>0.05)。
表5 芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例对FTMR体外瘤胃降解及CH4生成的影响

Table 5 Effects of proportion of reed replacing corn stalk on in vitro rumen degradation and CH4 production of FTMR

项目
Items		 组别Groups SEM P值
P-value
A B C D E
DM降解率DM degradation rate/% 70.9a 71.7a 71.5a 68.6b 68.5b 0.453 0.010
总产气量Total gas production/(mL/g) 373a 355b 343c 322d 320d 5.417 <0.001
CH4含量CH4 content/% 14.97a 13.78bc 14.28b 13.99bc 13.52c 0.147 <0.001
CH4产量CH4 production/(mL/g) 51.2a 41.0b 44.2b 44.3b 41.3b 1.076 <0.001
CH4产量/DM降解率
CH4 production/DM degradation
rate/%		 71.50a 57.96b 63.17b 62.98b 60.37b 1.412 0.005
H2含量H2 content/% 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.003 0.570
H2产量H2 production/(mL/g) 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.20 0.21 0.009 0.418
H2产量/DM降解率
H2 production/DM degradation
rate/%		 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.29 0.31 0.014 0.334

2.5 芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例对FTMR体外瘤胃发酵参数的影响

由表6可知,与A组相比,B组、C组、D组、E组体外瘤胃NH3-N含量显著升高(P<0.05),D组、E组体外瘤胃异戊酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),B组、C组、D组、E组体外瘤胃pH和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、戊酸含量及乙酸/丙酸均差异不显著(P>0.05)。
表6 芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例对FTMR体外瘤胃发酵参数的影响

Table 6 Effects of proportion of reed replacing corn stalk on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters of FTMR

项目
Items		 组别Groups SEM P值
P-value
A B C D E
pH 6.69 6.65 6.66 6.77 6.78 0.024 0.304
氨态氮NH3-N/(mg/dL) 13.7c 16.1b 18.7a 20.2a 18.9a 0.671 <0.001
总挥发性脂肪酸TVFA/(mmol/L) 70.8 74.6 70.3 69.6 67.7 1.197 0.514
乙酸Acetic acid/(mmol/L) 43.3 47.0 43.8 42.1 41.8 0.911 0.440
丙酸Propionic acid/(mmol/L) 15.8 15.5 14.8 15.2 13.7 0.277 0.092
异丁酸Isobutyric acid/(mmol/L) 0.62 0.70 0.66 0.73 0.66 0.015 0.141
丁酸Butyric acid/(mmol/L) 9.05 9.28 9.01 9.20 9.43 0.159 0.946
异戊酸Isovaleric acid/(mmol/L) 1.04b 1.19ab 1.12ab 1.21a 1.10a 0.021 0.049
戊酸Valeric acid/(mmol/L) 0.95 1.02 0.98 1.08 1.01 0.018 0.150
乙酸/丙酸Acetic acid/propionic acid 2.73 3.04 2.95 2.77 3.06 0.060 0.306

3 讨论

3.1 芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例对FTMR感官品质、发酵品质及营养物质含量的影响

感官品质如气味、色泽、结构及质地等是初步评价青贮品质的重要指标[34]。优良的青贮饲料不粘手且无霉菌,无丁酸臭味和霉味儿,具有芳香果味儿,色泽是淡褐色或者黄绿色,茎叶结构保持好[35]。本试验中,随着芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例增加,FTMR总评分呈现上升趋势,感官品质逐渐变好,且无霉变,发酵效果好。
pH、有机酸等是评价青贮发酵品质的重要指标[36]。pH越低,酸度越大,发酵饲料越容易储存[37]。发酵饲料最适pH在3.8~4.2[38],本试验各组pH均处于该范围内,且随着芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例增加,pH进一步降低,当芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例为75%、100%时,pH较低。饲料发酵过程产生的乳酸会迅速降低饲料pH,是良好的霉菌毒素抑制剂[39],并可延长发酵饲料贮存时间[40]。pH下降速度越快,乳酸菌产酸能力越强[41],饲料发酵效果越好[3]。优质的发酵饲料,乙酸含量占DM含量的1%~4%,丙酸含量占1.5%,丁酸含量应接近于0,乳酸/乙酸应高于2∶1[42],这与本试验结果一致。本试验中,当芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例为75%、100%时,乳酸含量显著升高,乙酸、丙酸、丁酸含量显著降低。综上所述,芦苇替代玉米秸秆对FTMR发酵品质无负面影响,且随着替代比例的增加,可改善FTMR发酵品质。
饲料的营养成分在一定程度上反映其饲喂价值和营养价值[43-44]。CP可保证反刍动物机体对氮的需求,促进瘤胃微生物蛋白的合成[45]。本试验中,随着芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例增加,FTMR中CP含量升高,该结果与抽穗期芦苇CP含量高于玉米秸秆相一致。NDF、ADF反映饲料的纤维含量,降低粗饲料NDF、ADF含量可有效提高瘤胃利用率[46]。Ash中包含矿物质、无机盐和一些微量元素[44],这些物质对动物生长具有积极影响,但Ash含量过高会使饲料的品质变差,影响适口性。本试验中,随着芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例的增加,FTMR的NDF、ADF、Ash含量均增加,这与何云等[47]研究结果相同,也与抽穗期芦苇纤维、Ash含量高于玉米秸秆相一致。综上所述,芦苇替代玉米秸秆制作FTMR的营养价值较高。

3.2 芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例对FTMR体外瘤胃降解及CH4生成的影响

体外瘤胃DM降解率反映了底物可被瘤胃微生物利用的程度,降解率越高表明底物可利用程度越高[48]。研究表明,饲粮体外瘤胃DM降解率与结构性碳水化合物含量呈负相关[49],随着饲粮中纤维含量的增加,体外瘤胃DM降解率会有所降低[50-51]。产气量和产气速率是反映饲草可降解程度和瘤胃微生物活性的重要表现。产气量越多,产气速率越快,表明微生物活性越高,底物降解速度越快[52]。本试验中,芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例超过70%后,FTMR体外瘤胃DM降解率显著降低,这与其结构性碳水化合物含量较高,难以被瘤胃微生物快速分解利用相关,同时伴随总产气量的减少,反映出瘤胃微生物活性受到一定程度的抑制;芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例为25%和50%时,显著降低了总产气量,但对体外瘤胃DM降解率无显著影响,这可能与低替代比例下饲粮整体结构性碳水化合物含量仍处于瘤胃微生物可适应范围有关,同时也可能与其发酵品质更优、乳酸菌丰度相对较高有关。芦苇替代玉米秸秆虽降低了易发酵碳水化合物比例,减缓了发酵进程,使总产气量下降;但同时,青贮原料中乳酸菌可通过调节瘤胃微生态环境、优化发酵模式[53-54],在一定程度上维持瘤胃微生物对底物的整体降解能力,使得低替代比例下体外瘤胃DM降解率未受到显著影响。
CH4产量与发酵底物的碳水化合物组成密切相关,减少饲粮中NDF含量、增加非纤维类物质含量可降低瘤胃发酵CH4产量[55-56]。本试验中,随着芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例的增加,FTMR中NDF、ADF含量在逐渐升高,但CH4产量降低,这可能是由于FTMR在发酵过程中产生较高含量的乳酸所导致。孙俊芳[57]研究表明,乳酸可抑制厌氧CH4的生成过程。综上所述,芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例为25%和50%时,可有效降低体外瘤胃CH4产量,且对体外瘤胃DM降解率无负面影响。

3.3 芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例对FTMR体外瘤胃发酵参数的影响

pH、NH3-N、VFA是瘤胃发酵的重要指标。pH影响着瘤胃微生物的功能和生长繁殖,维持瘤胃内环境稳定的pH范围是6.0~6.8[58-59]。NH3-N主要由饲料中的蛋白质降解产生,可作为瘤胃微生物的主要氮源,是反映微生物蛋白合成能力的指标[60]。微生物生长适宜的NH3-N含量为6.30~27.50 mg/dL[61]。本试验中,pH、NH3-N含量都在适宜范围,由此可知芦苇替代玉米秸秆未对FTMR体外瘤胃发酵产生负面影响。VFA是瘤胃微生物降解饲粮碳水化合物的重要代谢产物,也是反刍动物的主要能量来源,其中乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量占TVFA含量的95%左右[62-63]。Pang等[64]研究发现,瘤胃液VFA含量与瘤胃DM降解率呈正相关。本试验中,芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例为25%时,体外瘤胃DM降解率最高,使得TVFA含量最高。饲粮中结构性碳水化合物含量的增加会降低瘤胃中TVFA含量,同时提高乙酸含量,导致乙酸/丙酸升高[65-66]。芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例为25%时,FTMR体外瘤胃乙酸含量增多,CH4产量反而降低,这可能是产生较多产乙酸菌导致。研究表明,产乙酸菌可利用H2生成乙酸,减少可被CH4菌利用的H2,进而导致CH4产量降低[67-68]。综上所述,芦苇替代玉米秸秆未对FTMR瘤胃发酵产生负面影响。

4 结论

随着芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例的增加,FTMR感官品质和发酵品质得到改善,FTMR的CP、NDF、ADF和Ash含量逐渐升高,导致其体外瘤胃DM降解率和总产气量逐渐降低。芦苇替代玉米秸秆比例为25%和50%时,FTMR体外瘤胃CH4产量较低,且未对体外瘤胃降解和发酵产生负面影响。本试验条件下,芦苇替代玉米秸秆制作FTMR的适宜替代比例为50%。

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