Glucagon peptide-2, synthesized in and then released from enteroendocrine L cell, is a functional peptide with strong and specific intestinotrophic function, which is mainly to increase intestinal villus height, mucosa thickness and intestinal weight and accommodate the ordinary intestinal structure and function via stimulating cell proliferation and suppressing cell apoptosis and hydrolysis. Many signal transduction pathways are involved in the effects of GLP-2 on intestinal cell proliferation and apoptosis, such as G-protein coupled cAMP/PKA, wingless (Wnt) signal pathways, PI-3K/Akt and ERK1/2, etc. Among these signal pathways, cAMP/PKA is the most important one, while others are supplementary for it. They jointly coordinate each other to regulate the steady development of enterocyte and intestinal adaptation. This article gives a review on the molecular mechanism of GLP-2 in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, providing a reference for further understanding of mechanism of GLP-2.［Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2010，22（4）:830-839］