The objective of the present study was to explore the possibility of evaluation of crude protein and moisture contents in sorghum grain using by near-infrared spectroscopy technique. One hundred and ten sorghum grain samples were collected in the experiment. The contents of crude protein and moisture in sorghum grain samples were determined by GB/T 6432-2018 and GB/T 6435-2014, respectively. Near infrared diffuse reflectance spectra of samples were collected by four times transform near infrared spectrometer. Spectral scanning ranges was from 4 000 to 12 800 cm^-1 with resolution of 16 cm^-1. Each sample was scanned for 4 times repeatedly. The average spectra were obtained by scanned 64 times. Vector normalization, minimum-maximum normalization, first derivative, second derivative, multivariate scattering correction, first derivative+minus a straight line, first derivative+vector normalization and first derivative+multivariate scattering correction were selected to explore the spectral pretreatment method suitable for the contents of crude protein and moisture in sorghum grain. The calibration models were established using spectral data of samples in calibration set, and the combination of partial least squares combined with whole cross-validation method was use to prevent overfitting. On that basis, the optimal model was determined according to coefficient of determination for calibration, root mean square error of calibration, residual predictive deviation of calibration, coefficient of determination for cross-validation, root mean square error of cross-validation and residual predictive deviation of cross-validation. The results showed that first derivative+multivariate scattering correction as optimal spectral pretreatment was used for crude protein content in sorghum grain, and the spectral ranges were 9 401.9 to 5 443.6 cm^-1 and 4 603.0 to 4 243.9 cm^-1. First derivative+minus a straight line as optimal spectral pretreatment was fit for moisture content in sorghum grain, and the spectral ranges were 7 500.3 to 6 096.5 cm^-1 and 5 451.8 to 4 243.9 cm^-1. The residual predictive deviations of calibration of near-infrared spectroscopy prediction model for the contents of crude protein and moisture in sorghum grain were 8.41 and 12.20, respectively. The residual predictive deviations of cross-validation of near-infrared spectroscopy prediction model for the contents of crude protein and moisture in sorghum grain were 4.97 and 7.97, respectively. The residual predictive deviations of external validation of near-infrared spectroscopy prediction model for the contents of crude protein and moisture in sorghum grain were 3.32 and 5.36, respectively. The results indicate that the residual predictive deviations of the near-infrared spectroscopy prediction models for crude protein and moisture contents in sorghum grain which established in this study are bigger than assessed values, therefore they have application effect to accurately evaluate the contents of crude protein and moisture in sorghum grain.