1 材料与方法
1.1 稻谷及复合酶制剂来源
1.2 试验设计与试验饲粮
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米Corn | 66.80 | ||
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 27.85 | ||
| 大豆油Soybean oil | 0.85 | ||
| 碳酸钙CaCO3 | 0.85 | ||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 2.02 | ||
| 氯化钠NaCl | 0.35 | ||
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.15 | ||
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix1) | 0.03 | ||
| 矿物质预混料Mineral premix2) | 0.50 | ||
| 二氧化钛TiO2 | 0.50 | ||
| 统糠Rice bran | 0.10 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | |||
| 代谢能ME/(MJ/kg) | 12.12 | ||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 17.52 | ||
| 钙Ca | 0.83 | ||
| 非植酸磷NPP | 0.39 |
1)维生素预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Vitamin premix provides the following per kg of the diet: VA 12 000 IU,VD3 3 000 IU,VE 30 IU,VK3 4.8 mg,VB1 3 mg,VB2 9.6 mg,VB6 4 mg,VB12 0.3 mg,叶酸 folic acid 1.5 mg,烟酸 nicotinic acid 60 mg,D-泛酸 D-pantothenate 18 mg。表2同 the same as Table 2。 2)矿物质预混料为每千克饲粮提供 Mineral premix provides the following per kg of the diet: Fe (FeSO4·H2O) 80 mg,Cu (CuSO4·5H2O) 8 mg,Mn (MnSO4·H2O) 70 mg,Zn (ZnSO4 H2O) 90 mg,I (KI) 0.4 mg,Se (Na2SeO3) 0.3 mg。表2同 the same as Table 2。 3)营养水平为计算值。表2同。Nutrient levels are calculated values. The same as Table 2. |
表2 无氮饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of the nitrogen-free diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料Ingredients | |||
| 玉米淀粉Corn starch | 70.80 | ||
| 葡萄糖Glucose | 21.24 | ||
| 羧甲基纤维Carboxymethylcellulose | 3.00 | ||
| 碳酸钙CaCO3 | 0.51 | ||
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 2.33 | ||
| 碳酸氢钠NaHCO3 | 0.54 | ||
| 氯化钾KCl | 0.25 | ||
| 硫酸钾K2SO4 | 0.20 | ||
| 维生素预混料Vitamin premix1) | 0.03 | ||
| 矿物质预混料Mineral premix2) | 0.50 | ||
| 二氧化钛TiO2 | 0.50 | ||
| 氯化胆碱Choline chloride | 0.10 | ||
| 合计Total | 100.00 | ||
| 营养水平Nutrient levels3) | |||
| 粗蛋白质CP | 0.28 | ||
| 钙Ca | 0.85 | ||
| 有效磷AP | 0.39 |
1.3 饲养管理
1.4 检测指标及计算方法
1.5 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 稻谷的化学成分及氨基酸含量
表3 不同来源稻谷化学成分含量(风干基础)Table 3 Chemical composition contents of rice from different sources (air-dry basis) |
| 项目 Items | 总能 GE/ (MJ/kg) | 干物质 DM/% | 粗蛋 白质 CP/% | 粗脂肪 EE/% | 粗纤维 CF/% | 中性洗 涤纤维 NDF/% | 酸性洗 涤纤维 ADF/% | 总磷 TP/% | 支链 淀粉 AP/% | 直链 淀粉 AM/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 稻谷来源Rice source | ||||||||||
| A1 | 15.75 | 92.98 | 8.67 | 1.07 | 8.41 | 79.22 | 18.75 | 0.74 | 43.11 | 24.02 |
| A2 | 15.81 | 91.66 | 6.65 | 1.22 | 15.53 | 84.07 | 10.21 | 0.64 | 46.67 | 14.63 |
| A3 | 15.65 | 92.33 | 6.36 | 1.47 | 9.10 | 80.93 | 11.03 | 0.90 | 66.61 | 17.63 |
| A4 | 15.83 | 92.91 | 6.05 | 1.59 | 12.89 | 85.40 | 16.04 | 0.64 | 77.86 | 17.10 |
| A5 | 15.53 | 92.58 | 5.82 | 1.35 | 14.33 | 79.75 | 18.75 | 1.29 | 82.94 | 26.80 |
| 平均值Mean | 15.71 | 92.49 | 6.51 | 1.34 | 12.05 | 81.87 | 14.96 | 0.84 | 63.44 | 20.04 |
| 标准差SD | 0.12 | 0.53 | 0.72 | 0.18 | 3.16 | 2.73 | 4.12 | 0.27 | 17.98 | 5.13 |
| 变异系数CV/% | 0.76 | 0.57 | 11.06 | 13.43 | 26.22 | 3.33 | 27.54 | 32.14 | 28.34 | 25.60 |
A1、A2、A3、A4、A5为不同来源稻谷的样品编号。下表同。 | |
A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 were sample numbers of rice from different sources. The same as below. |
表4 不同来源稻谷必需氨基酸含量(风干基础)Table 4 Essential amino acid contents of rice from different sources (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 赖氨酸 Lys | 蛋氨酸 Met | 精氨酸 Arg | 异亮氨酸 Ile | 亮氨酸 Leu | 苏氨酸 Thr | 缬氨酸 Val | 苯丙氨酸 Phe | 组氨酸 His |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 稻谷来源Rice source | |||||||||
| A1 | 0.35 | 0.19 | 0.66 | 0.33 | 0.70 | 0.32 | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.22 |
| A2 | 0.30 | 0.15 | 0.52 | 0.27 | 0.58 | 0.26 | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.18 |
| A3 | 0.27 | 0.13 | 0.49 | 0.25 | 0.52 | 0.24 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.16 |
| A4 | 0.21 | 0.09 | 0.35 | 0.19 | 0.40 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.12 |
| A5 | 0.28 | 0.11 | 0.45 | 0.23 | 0.50 | 0.23 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.16 |
| 平均值Mean | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.50 | 0.26 | 0.54 | 0.25 | 0.36 | 0.34 | 0.17 |
| 标准差SD | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
| 变异系数CV/% | 17.86 | 28.57 | 22.00 | 19.23 | 20.37 | 20.00 | 22.22 | 23.53 | 23.53 |
表5 不同来源稻谷非必需氨基酸含量(风干基础)Table 5 Non-essential amino acid contents of rice from different sources (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目 Items | 天冬氨酸 Asp | 丝氨酸 Ser | 谷氨酸 Glu | 甘氨酸 Gly | 丙氨酸 Ala | 半胱氨酸 Cys | 酪氨酸 Tyr | 脯氨酸 Pro | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 稻谷来源Rice source | |||||||||||||||||
| A1 | 0.74 | 0.44 | 1.85 | 0.43 | 0.47 | 0.10 | 0.40 | 0.55 | |||||||||
| A2 | 0.64 | 0.34 | 1.21 | 0.35 | 0.41 | 0.08 | 0.30 | 0.35 | |||||||||
| A3 | 0.59 | 0.33 | 1.15 | 0.32 | 0.37 | 0.09 | 0.27 | 0.33 | |||||||||
| A4 | 0.43 | 0.24 | 0.84 | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 0.25 | |||||||||
| A5 | 0.56 | 0.30 | 1.05 | 0.31 | 0.36 | 0.07 | 0.24 | 0.31 | |||||||||
| 平均值Mean | 0.59 | 0.33 | 1.22 | 0.33 | 0.38 | 0.08 | 0.29 | 0.36 | |||||||||
| 标准差SD | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.38 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.11 | |||||||||
| 变异系数CV/% | 18.64 | 24.24 | 31.15 | 21.21 | 18.42 | 25.00 | 27.59 | 30.56 |
2.2 复合酶制剂对肉鸭饲粮和稻谷AME的影响
表6 复合酶制剂对肉鸭饲粮和稻谷AME的影响Table 6 Effects of compound enzyme preparation on AME of diet and rice of meat ducks MJ/kg |
| 项目 Items | 饲粮表观代谢能 AME of diet | 稻谷表观代谢能 AME of rice | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 稻谷来源Rice source | 复合酶制剂Compound enzyme preparation | ||
A1 | - | 10.74 | 8.80 |
| + | 10.90 | 9.35 | |
A2 | - | 11.07 | 9.90 |
| + | 11.02 | 9.74 | |
A3 | - | 10.73 | 8.79 |
| + | 11.07 | 9.91 | |
A4 | - | 10.73 | 8.78 |
| + | 11.04 | 9.81 | |
A5 | - | 10.16b | 6.88b |
| + | 11.25a | 10.51a | |
| SEM | 0.35 | 1.20 | |
| 主效应Main effects | |||
| A1 | 10.82ab | 9.08ab | |
| 稻谷来源 | A2 | 11.05a | 9.83a |
| Rice source | A3 | 10.90ab | 9.35ab |
| A4 | 10.89ab | 9.29ab | |
| A5 | 10.67b | 8.57b | |
| SEM | 0.01 | 0.32 | |
| 复合酶制剂 | - | 10.69 | 8.63 |
| Compound enzyme preparation | + | 11.05 | 9.85 |
| SEM | 0.60 | 0.20 | |
P值 | 稻谷来源Rice source | <0.01 | <0.01 |
P-value | 复合酶制剂Compound enzyme preparation | 0.16 | 0.16 |
| 稻谷来源×复合酶制剂 Rice source×compound enzyme preparation | <0.01 | <0.01 |
同列数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。+表示添加复合酶制剂,-表示未添加复合酶制剂。下表同。 | |
In the same column, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), while with the same or no letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). + indicated added compound enzyme preparation, and - indicated not added compound enzyme preparation. The same as below. |
2.3 复合酶制剂对肉鸭稻谷SIDAA的影响
表7 复合酶制剂对肉鸭稻谷必需氨基酸SIDAA的影响Table 7 Effects of compound enzyme preparation on SIDAA of essential amino acids of rice of meat ducks % |
| 项目 Items | 赖氨酸 Lys | 蛋氨酸 Met | 精氨酸 Arg | 异亮 氨酸 Ile | 亮氨酸 Leu | 苏氨酸 Thr | 缬氨酸 Val | 苯丙 氨酸 Phe | 组氨酸 His | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 稻谷来源 Rice source | 复合酶制剂 Compound enzyme preparation | |||||||||
| A1 | - | 67.53 | 46.61 | 91.05 | 68.22 | 78.47 | 70.07 | 76.25 | 80.31 | 82.41 |
| + | 100.2 | 47.73 | 90.99 | 80.10 | 89.43 | 84.03 | 86.29 | 90.41 | 93.56 | |
| A2 | - | 65.87 | 37.52 | 90.76 | 65.29 | 77.55 | 64.30 | 73.96 | 79.62 | 74.16 |
| + | 71.70 | 33.63 | 84.10 | 66.28 | 78.31 | 69.72 | 75.36 | 80.31 | 79.22 | |
| A3 | - | 78.92 | 43.44 | 90.14 | 72.95 | 85.07 | 79.54 | 79.97 | 86.12 | 88.79 |
| + | 86.78 | 39.86 | 92.98 | 76.35 | 88.25 | 89.64 | 83.99 | 88.91 | 95.85 | |
| A4 | - | 100.73 | 60.07 | 99.23 | 92.18 | 100.02 | 99.29 | 94.96 | 99.55 | 106.21 |
| + | 96.96 | 42.03 | 82.87 | 78.62 | 87.97 | 96.45 | 85.02 | 87.10 | 101.11 | |
| A5 | - | 79.83 | 55.40 | 93.08 | 79.28 | 85.48 | 79.72 | 80.10 | 86.29 | 87.34 |
| + | 83.79 | 53.62 | 79.94 | 75.07 | 87.20 | 80.07 | 81.29 | 87.55 | 95.03 | |
| SEM | 2.34 | 5.02 | 1.69 | 2.32 | 1.68 | 2.22 | 1.78 | 1.56 | 1.79 | |
| 主效应Main effects | ||||||||||
| 稻谷来源 Rice source | A1 | 82.61ab | 47.17 | 91.02 | 74.16ab | 84.31ab | 77.05c | 81.27ab | 85.70ab | 88.36b |
| A2 | 65.56b | 35.73 | 87.65 | 65.74b | 77.90b | 66.80c | 74.61b | 79.94b | 76.52c | |
| A3 | 83.15ab | 41.65 | 91.67 | 74.65ab | 86.78ab | 85.05b | 82.13ab | 87.62ab | 92.59b | |
| A4 | 98.85a | 51.74 | 91.05 | 85.92a | 93.99a | 97.87a | 89.98ab | 93.33a | 103.86a | |
| A5 | 81.81ab | 54.63 | 86.51 | 77.18ab | 86.34ab | 79.90b | 80.70ab | 86.92ab | 91.19b | |
| SEM | 4.67 | 6.21 | 2.50 | 3.66 | 2.79 | 3.82 | 2.70 | 2.05 | 1.26 | |
| 复合酶制剂 Compound enzyme preparation | - | 78.60b | 49.04 | 92.88a | 75.55 | 85.33 | 78.32 | 80.92 | 86.38 | 87.80 |
| + | 87.88a | 43.77 | 86.14b | 75.55 | 86.57 | 84.12 | 82.66 | 87.16 | 92.80 | |
| SEM | 2.95 | 3.93 | 1.61 | 1.04 | 1.60 | 2.43 | 1.71 | 1.55 | 0.80 | |
| P值 P-value | 稻谷来源 Rice source | 0.01 | 0.21 | 0.48 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| 复合酶制剂 Compound enzyme preparation | 0.03 | 0.37 | <0.01 | 0.93 | 0.72 | 0.12 | 0.58 | 0.83 | 0.06 | |
| 稻谷来源×复合酶制剂 Rice source×compound enzyme preparation | 0.09 | 0.83 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.50 | 0.13 | <0.01 | 0.50 | |
表8 复合酶制剂对肉鸭稻谷非必需氨基酸SIDAA的影响Table 8 Effects of compound enzyme preparation on SIDAA of non-essential amino acids of rice of meat ducks % |
| 项目 Items | 天冬氨酸 Asp | 丝氨酸 Ser | 谷氨酸 Glu | 甘氨酸 Gly | 丙氨酸 Ala | 半胱氨酸 Cys | 酪氨酸 Tyr | 脯氨酸 Pro | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 稻谷来源 Rice source | 复合酶制剂 Compound enzyme preparation | ||||||||
| A1 | - | 77.87 | 82.75 | 87.01 | 71.84 | 81.22 | 62.40 | 88.73 | 82.73 |
| + | 90.56 | 90.91 | 93.46 | 86.12 | 85.91 | 79.49 | 92.58 | 93.09 | |
| A2 | - | 73.81 | 79.23 | 83.37 | 71.01 | 76.50 | 68.37 | 90.06 | 81.48 |
| + | 79.59 | 79.88 | 85.88 | 73.08 | 71.50 | 63.50 | 79.50 | 81.19 | |
| A3 | - | 86.80 | 88.41 | 90.30 | 79.56 | 82.06 | 76.40 | 92.19 | 85.68 |
| + | 95.95 | 99.56 | 96.87 | 87.66 | 87.43 | 68.21 | 90.02 | 94.51 | |
| A4 | - | 99.87 | 101.56 | 102.76 | 96.53 | 96.45 | 73.24 | 104.28 | 100.88 |
| + | 98.98 | 98.20 | 95.67 | 91.11 | 90.22 | 56.73 | 88.01 | 93.88 | |
| A5 | - | 86.65 | 86.74 | 87.99 | 80.30 | 80.17 | 72.36 | 91.15 | 87.27 |
| + | 91.25 | 91.24 | 94.58 | 83.74 | 81.80 | 63.64 | 85.64 | 92.46 | |
| SEM | 1.90 | 1.87 | 1.59 | 1.91 | 1.80 | 2.87 | 1.47 | 1.59 | |
| 主效应Main effects | |||||||||
| 稻谷来源 Rice source | A1 | 84.64bc | 86.83bc | 90.23ab | 79.45bc | 83.56b | 70.94 | 90.65ab | 88.25ab |
| A2 | 76.51c | 79.53c | 84.53b | 73.96c | 74.00c | 66.10 | 85.13b | 81.35b | |
| A3 | 91.72ab | 93.98ab | 93.83ab | 83.92b | 84.74b | 72.30 | 91.02ab | 90.43ab | |
| A4 | 99.42a | 99.88a | 99.21a | 93.81a | 93.57a | 65.62 | 96.14a | 97.38a | |
| A5 | 88.94ab | 88.98b | 91.28ab | 82.02bc | 80.98bc | 68.00 | 88.39ab | 89.86ab | |
| SEM | 3.23 | 2.72 | 2.62 | 3.05 | 2.55 | 4.26 | 2.22 | 2.59 | |
| 复合酶制剂 Compound enzyme preparation | - | 84.68b | 87.33 | 90.13 | 79.87 | 83.17 | 70.17 | 93.04a | 85.05 |
| + | 91.25a | 91.70 | 93.54 | 84.69 | 83.09 | 66.83 | 87.26b | 86.57 | |
| SEM | 2.05 | 1.72 | 1.66 | 1. | 1.62 | 2.70 | 1.41 | 1.64 | |
| P值 P-value | 稻谷来源Rice source | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.73 | 0.01 | <0.01 |
| 复合酶制剂 Compound enzyme preparation | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.11 | 0.97 | 0.27 | <0.01 | 0.15 | |
| 稻谷来源×复合酶制剂 Rice source×compound enzyme preparation | 0.65 | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.37 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.13 | |
