1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验方法
1.2.1 乳酸菌的分离
1.2.2 乳酸菌的筛选
1.2.3 筛选出的乳酸菌的溶血性
1.2.4 筛选出的乳酸菌的形态学特征观察
1.2.5 筛选出的乳酸菌的生理生化鉴定
1.2.6 筛选出的乳酸菌的16S rRNA分子生物学鉴定
1.2.7 罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌SAMMRS-1G的培养特性研究
1.2.8 罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌SAMMRS-1G的益生特性研究
1.2.9 罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌SAMMRS-1G发酵上清液对水产病原菌的抑菌能力评价
1.2.10 罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌SAMMRS-1G的动物安全性试验
1.3 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 乳酸菌的分离和筛选
2.2 生理生化鉴定结果
表1 菌株SAMMRS-1G生理生化鉴定结果Table 1 Physiological and identification results of strain SAMMRS-1G |
| 项目 Items | 结果 Results | 项目 Items | 结果 Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 葡萄糖 Glucose | + | 山梨醇 Sorbitol | - | |
| 蔗糖 Sucrose | + | H2O2试验 H2O2 test | - | |
| 乳糖 Lactose | + | 硝酸盐还原试验 Nitrate reduction test | - | |
| 半乳糖 Galcatose | + | 甲基红试验 Methylred test | + | |
| 七叶苷 Esculin | + | V-P试验 V-P test | - | |
| 纤维二糖 Cellobiose | - | 吲哚试验 Indole test | - | |
| 木糖 Xylose | - | 硫化氢试验 Hydrogen sulfide test | - | |
| 甘露糖 Mannose | - | 明胶液化试验 Gelatin liqiegaction test | - | |
| 甘露醇Mannitol | + | 接触酶 Catalaset | - |
“+”表示阳性,“-”表示阴性。 | |
“+” means positive, and “-” means negative. |
2.3 16S rRNA序列分析结果
图2 菌株SAMMRS-1G 16S rDNA扩增产物Fig.2 16S rDNA amplification products of strain SAMMRS-1G |
图3 基于16S rDNA基因序列的系统进化树Limosilactobacillus reuteri:罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌;Limosilactobacillus caviae:豚鼠黏液乳杆菌;Limosilactobacillus vaginalis:阴道黏液乳杆菌;Limosilactobacillus panis:面包黏液乳杆菌;Limosilactobacillus antri:胃窦黏液乳杆菌;Limosilactobacillus oris:口黏液乳杆菌;Limosilactobacillus secaliphilus:嗜黑麦黏液乳杆菌;Limosilactobacillus coleohominis:人阴道黏液乳杆菌;Limosilactobacillus ingluviei:嗉囊黏液乳杆菌;Limosilactobacillus gorillae:猩黏液乳杆菌;Limosilactobacillus fermentum:发酵黏液乳杆菌。 Fig.3 Phylogenetic tree based on 16S rDNA gene sequence |
2.4 罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌SAMMRS-1G的培养特性
2.4.1 最适培养pH
2.4.2 最适培养温度
2.4.3 生长曲线
2.5 罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌SAMMRS-1G的益生特性
2.5.1 对酸的耐受性
2.5.2 对人工胃液和人工肠液的耐受性
表2 罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌SAMMRS-1G对人工胃液和人工肠液的耐受性Table 2 Tolerance of Limosilactobacillus reuteri SAMMRS-1G in artificial gastric juice and artificial intestinal juice |
| 项目 Items | 活菌数 Viable count/[lg(CFU/mL)] | 存活率 Survival rate/% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 h | 1.5 h | 3.0 h | 0 h | 1.5 h | 3.0 h | |
| 人工胃液 Artificial gastric juice | 8.02±0.11 | 7.99±0.05 | 7.98±0.07 | 100.00 | 94.24 | 90.79 |
| 人工肠液 Artificial intestinal juice | 8.02±0.11 | 8.01±0.09 | 7.99±0.13 | 100.00 | 99.04 | 94.37 |
2.5.3 对胆盐的耐受性
2.5.4 对渗透压的耐受性
表3 罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌SAMMRS-1G对渗透压的耐受性Table 3 Osmotic pressure tolerance of Limosilactobacillus reuteri SAMMRS-1G |
| 盐度 Salinity/‰ | 活菌数 Viable count/[lg(CFU/mL)] | 存活率 Survival rate/% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 h | 2 h | 4 h | 0 h | 2 h | 4 h | |
| 0 | 8.02±0.06 | 8.04±0.05 | 8.08±0.06 | 100.00 | 104.31 | 113.64 |
| 10 | 8.02±0.06 | 8.07±0.11 | 8.11±0.08 | 100.00 | 111.30 | 120.79 |
| 20 | 8.02±0.06 | 8.10±0.16 | 8.11±0.06 | 100.00 | 120.92 | 124.72 |
| 30 | 8.02±0.06 | 8.08±0.05 | 8.07±0.15 | 100.00 | 112.13 | 109.33 |
| 40 | 8.02±0.06 | 8.01±0.09 | 7.92±0.17 | 100.00 | 97.12 | 90.05 |
| 60 | 8.02±0.06 | 7.99±0.10 | 7.93±0.18 | 100.00 | 90.76 | 80.50 |
2.5.5 对抗生素的敏感性
表4 罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌SAMMRS-1G的抗生素敏感性试验结果Table 4 Antibiotic sensitivity test results of Limosilactobacillus reuteri SAMMRS-1G |
| 抗生素种类 Types of antibiotics | 抗生素 Antibiotics | 判定标准 Criterion | 抑菌圈直径 Diameter of inhibition zone/mm | 敏感性 Sensitivity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | I | S | ||||
| 青霉素类 Penicillins | 青霉素 Penicillin | ≤14 | 14~15 | ≥15 | 12.38±0.46 | R |
| 氨基酸糖苷类Aminoglycisides | 庆大霉素 Gentamicin | ≤12 | 13~14 | ≥15 | 13.42±0.26 | I |
| 氯霉素类 Phenicols | 氯霉素 Chloramphenicol | ≤12 | 13~17 | ≥18 | 23.14±0.38 | S |
| 头孢菌素类Cephalosporin | 头孢噻肟 Cefotaxime | ≤22 | 23~25 | ≥26 | 30.25±0.52 | S |
| 喹诺酮类 Quinolone | 环丙沙星 Ciprofloxacin | ≤15 | 16~20 | ≥21 | 14.24±0.35 | R |
| 糖肽类 Glycopeptide | 万古霉素 Vancomycin | ≤14 | 15~16 | ≥17 | 无抑菌圈 | R |
| 大环内酯类 Macrolides | 红霉素 Erythromycin | ≤14 | 15~18 | ≥19 | 11.24±0.40 | R |
| 四环素类 Tetracyclines | 四环素Tetracycline | ≤11 | 12~14 | ≥15 | 9.86±0.36 | R |
| 叶酸代谢途径抑制剂 Folic acid metabolic pathway inhibitor | 磺胺甲噁唑 Sulfamethoxazole | ≤12 | 13~16 | ≥17 | 8.25±0.52 | R |
R:表示菌株对抗生素耐药;I:表示菌株对抗生素中度敏感;S:表示菌株对抗生素敏感。 | |
R: indicates that strain is resistant to antibiotics; I: indicates that strain is moderately sensitive to antibiotics; S: indicates that strain is sensitive to antibiotics. |
2.6 罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌SAMMRS-1G发酵上清液对水产病原菌的抑菌能力评价
表5 不同处理罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌SAMMRS-1G发酵上清液对水产病原菌的抑菌能力Table 5 Ability of Limosilactobacillus reuteri SAMMRS-1G fermentation supernatant with different treatments against aquatic pathogenic bacteria |
| 项目 Items | 平均抑菌圈直径(mm)或比直径(%) Average inhibition zone diameter (mm) or specific diameter (%) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 大肠杆菌 Escherichia coli | 沙门氏菌 Salmonella typhimurium | 金黄色葡 萄球菌 Staphylo- coccus aureus | 嗜水气单胞 Aeromonas hydrophila | 腐败希 瓦氏菌 Shewanella putrefaciens | 哈维弧菌 Vibrio harveyi | 溶藻弧菌 Vibrio alginolyticus | 副溶血弧菌 Vibrio. parahae- molyticus | 霍乱弧菌 Vibrio cholerae | 创伤弧菌 Vibrio vulnificus | 假交替 单胞菌 Pseudoalt- eromonas sp. | ||
| 平均抑菌圈直径 Average inhibition zone diameter/mm | ||||||||||||
| 发酵上清液 Fermentation supernatant | 17.86±0.33 | 19.78±0.35 | 26.45±0.60 | 18.44±0.45 | 20.02±0.24 | 15.50±0.26 | 17.4±0.24 | 22.07±0.28 | 16.70±0.34 | 30.90±0.46 | 17.54±0.73 | |
| 温度对发酵上清液抑菌能力的影响(比直径/%) Effects of temperature on bacteriostatic ability of fermentation supernatant (specific diameter/%) | ||||||||||||
| 60 ℃处理样 Sample treated by 60 ℃ | 102.75 | 115.12 | 112.59 | 102.58 | 94.22 | 122.76 | 139.78 | 95.96 | 94.61 | 102.86 | 98.06 | |
| 80 ℃处理样 Sample treated by 80 ℃ | 93.58 | 95.93 | 96.30 | 96.77 | 98.27 | 96.55 | 96.77 | 98.48 | 92.81 | 96.43 | 96.92 | |
| 121 ℃处理样 Sample treated by 121 ℃ | 86.24 | 88.95 | 91.85 | 93.55 | 95.38 | 93.79 | 94.62 | 95.45 | 91.02 | 110.00 | 92.36 | |
| 有机酸对发酵上清液抑菌能力的影响 Effects of organic acid on bacteriostatic ability of fermentation supernatant (specific diameter/%) | ||||||||||||
| 碱中和处理样 Alkali neutralization sample | 86.33 | 90.00 | 86.30 | 91.29 | 88.27 | 90.69 | 96.77 | 95.96 | 97.01 | 97.86 | 98.63 | |
| 发酵上清液对蛋白酶的敏感性(比直径/%)Sensitivity of fermentation supernatant to protease (specific diameter/%) | ||||||||||||
| 猪胃蛋白酶处理样 Sample treated by porcine pepsin | 90.83 | 91.28 | 86.67 | 96.77 | 90.17 | 91.03 | 91.40 | 84.34 | 89.82 | 95.00 | 94.07 | |
| 牛胰蛋白酶处理样 Sample treated by bovine trypsin | 87.16 | 94.19 | 106.67 | 91.61 | 82.08 | 89.66 | 88.17 | 82.83 | 85.03 | 92.86 | 91.22 | |
| 过氧化氢对发酵上清液抑菌能力的影响(比直径/%) Effects of H2O2 on bacteriostatic ability of fermentation supernatant (specific diameter/%) | ||||||||||||
| 过氧化氢处理样 Sample treated by H2O2 | 96.33 | 97.67 | 94.07 | 90.32 | 92.49 | 95.17 | 102.15 | 91.41 | 94.91 | 94.29 | 93.50 | |
2.7 罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌SAMMRS-1G动物安全性试验
表6 罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌SAMMRS-1G对小鼠生长性能和脏器指数的影响Table 6 Effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri SAMMRS-1G on growth performance and organ indexes of mice |
| 项目 Items | 生长性能 Growth performance | 脏器指数 Organ indexes/% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 存活率 Survival rate/% | 增重 Gain weight/g | 肝脏指数 Liver index | 脾脏指数 Spleen index | 肾脏指数 Kidney index | 胸腺指数 Thymus index | |
| 对照组 Control group | 100 | 13.07±2.11 | 5.31±0.09 | 0.40±0.08 | 0.70±0.09 | 0.24±0.04 |
| 试验组1 Test group 1 | 100 | 14.45±1.46 | 5.32±0.08 | 0.42±0.06 | 0.71±0.06 | 0.23±0.06 |
| 试验组2 Test group 2 | 100 | 15.47±1.66 | 5.29±0.12 | 0.43±0.05 | 0.72±0.08 | 0.25±0.05 |
| 试验组3 Test group 3 | 100 | 16.29±2.21 | 5.31±0.12 | 0.45±0.04 | 0.73±0.05 | 0.26±0.11 |
| 试验组4 Test group 4 | 100 | 16.74±1.49 | 5.31±0.04 | 0.43±0.02 | 0.73±0.02 | 0.26±0.02 |
| P值P-value | 0.015 | 0.991 | 0.575 | 0.930 | 0.967 | |
