1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料和试验仪器
1.1.1 试验材料
1.1.2 试验仪器
1.2 试验方法
1.2.1 益生菌的分离与鉴定
1.2.2 益生菌的抑菌活性筛选
1.2.2.1 不同益生菌生长曲线比较
1.2.2.2 不同益生菌活菌数比较
1.2.2.3 不同益生菌抑菌作用比较
1.2.3 ELP对最佳益生菌抑菌活性和活菌数的影响
1.2.3.1 ELP与最佳益生菌共发酵产物的制备
1.2.3.2 最佳发酵时间的确定
1.2.3.3 ELP对最佳益生菌活菌数的影响
1.2.3.4 ELP与最佳益生菌共发酵产物抑菌作用比较
1.2.4 抑菌活性物质基础的推测
1.2.4.1 温度对共发酵产物抑菌活性的影响
1.2.4.2 pH对共发酵产物抑菌活性的影响
1.2.4.3 酶处理对共发酵产物抑菌活性的影响
1.2.5 共发酵液对人工胃肠液的耐受性
1.2.6 共发酵液急性经口毒性试验
1.3 数据统计分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 益生菌的分离与鉴定
2.2 益生菌的抑菌活性筛选
2.2.1 不同益生菌生长曲线和活菌数比较
图1 3株益生菌生长曲线不同小写字母表示同一时间点差异显著(P<0.05)。 Fig.1 Growth curves of three strains of probiotics Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the same time point (P<0.05). |
表1 3株益生菌平台期活菌数Table 1 Number of viable bacteria in plateau stage of three strains of probiotics ×108 CFU/mL |
| 项目Items | 活菌数Number of viable bacteria |
|---|---|
| 猪源植物乳植杆菌S.L. plantarum | 18.00±0.82a |
| 猪源发酵黏液乳杆菌S.L. fermentum | 14.32±0.47b |
| 猪源鼠李糖乳杆菌S.L. rhamnosus | 11.83±0.62c |
同列数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。表2、表3、表5、表6和表8同。 | |
In the same column, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). The same as Table 2, Table 3, Table 5, Table 6 and Table 8. |
2.2.2 不同益生菌抑菌作用比较
表2 3株益生菌原液抑菌效果比较Table 2 Comparison of antibacterial effects of three strains of probiotic stock solutions mm |
| 项目 Items | 平均抑菌圈直径Mean inhibition zone diameter | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 大肠埃希氏菌E. coli | 金黄色葡萄球菌S. aureus | 豕链球菌S. porcinus | |
| 猪源植物乳植杆菌S.L. plantarum | 14.40±0.14a | 12.75±0.90a | 13.50±1.22a |
| 猪源发酵黏液乳杆菌S.L. fermentum | 8.00±0.67b | 8.00±0.63b | 8.00±0.91b |
| 猪源鼠李糖乳杆菌S.L. rhamnosus | 9.25±0.76b | 10.25±0.98ab | 11.25±1.15a |
图2 3株益生菌的抑菌效果E. coli:大肠埃希氏菌 Escherichia coli;S. aureus:金黄色葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus aureus;S. porcinus:豕链球菌 Streptococcus porcinus;S.L. plantarum:猪源植物乳植杆菌 swine-derived Lactobacillus plantarum;S.L. fermentum:猪源发酵黏液乳杆菌 swine-derived Lactobacillus fermentum;S.L. rhamnosus:猪源鼠李糖乳杆菌 swine-derived Lactobacillus rhamnosus。 Fig.2 Antibacterial effect of three strains of probiotics |
2.3 ELP对S.L. plantarum抑菌活性的影响
2.3.1 共发酵产物最佳发酵时间的确定
表3 不同发酵时间下S.L. plantarum与ELP共发酵产物的抑菌效果Table 3 Antibacterial effects of co-fermentation products of S.L. plantarum and ELP at different fermentation time mm |
| 发酵时间 Fermentation time/h | 平均抑菌圈直径Mean inhibition zone diameter | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 大肠埃希氏菌E. coli | 金黄色葡萄球菌S. aureus | 豕链球菌S. porcinus | ||||||
| 猪源植物乳植 杆菌+杜仲叶多糖 S.L. plantarum+ ELP | 猪源植物 乳植杆菌 S.L. plantarum | 猪源植物乳植 杆菌+杜仲叶多糖 S.L. plantarum+ ELP | 猪源植物 乳植杆菌 S.L. plantarum | 猪源植物乳植杆 菌+杜仲叶多糖 S.L. plantarum+ ELP | 猪源植物 乳植杆菌 S.L. plantarum | |||
| 0 | 7.80±0.55c | 6.90±1.04c | 6.90±0.57c | 5.80±1.23c | 7.30±0.33d | 6.80±1.05c | ||
| 3 | 11.20±1.12bc | 8.90±0.62bc | 12.00±0.85b | 8.30±0.35bc | 12.22±1.23c | 10.30±1.28bc | ||
| 6 | 14.80±1.65ab | 11.90±1.04ab | 16.50±1.95a | 11.00±0.56a | 16.50±1.44bc | 11.90±0.64ab | ||
| 12 | 16.50±2.01a | 14.40±1.31a | 16.90±1.45a | 12.20±1.20a | 20.95±1.91ab | 13.50±0.11a | ||
| 18 | 18.20±1.99a | 14.20±0.85a | 17.05±2.01a | 12.10±0.63a | 21.65±1.78a | 13.90±0.58a | ||
| 24 | 18.10±1.46a | 13.80±1.55a | 17.10±1.71a | 10.20±0.65ab | 20.78±2.01ab | 11.90±0.63ab | ||
| 48 | 17.99±1.25a | 12.10±0.74ab | 17.25±1.58a | 9.33±1.15ab | 21.55±1.97a | 10.80±0.27ab | ||
2.3.2 ELP对S.L. plantarum活菌数的影响
表4 S.L. plantarum与ELP共发酵活菌计数结果Table 4 Counting results of viable bacteria in S.L. plantarum and ELP co-fermentation ×108 CFU/mL |
| 时间 Time/h | 活菌数Number of viable bacteria | |
|---|---|---|
| 猪源植物乳植杆菌S.L. plantarum | 猪源植物乳植杆菌+杜仲叶多糖S.L. plantarum+ELP | |
| 12 | 17.40±2.01b | 30.10±2.99a |
| 24 | 14.50±1.14b | 30.80±2.43a |
| 48 | 0.54±0.16a | 0.40±0.24a |
同行数字肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
In the same row, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). |
2.3.3 S.L. plantarum与ELP共发酵产物抑菌作用比较
表5 S.L. plantarum与ELP共发酵产物的抑菌效果Table 5 Antibacterial effects of co-fermentation products of S.L. plantarum and ELP mm |
| 项目 Items | 平均抑菌圈直径Mean inhibition zone diameter | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 大肠埃希氏菌 E. coli | 金黄色葡萄球菌 S. aureus | 豕链球菌 S. porcinus | |
| 杜仲叶多糖ELP | 0.00±0.00c | 0.00±0.00c | 0.00±0.00c |
| 猪源植物乳植杆菌S.L. plantarum | 12.48±1.41b | 13.25±0.90b | 13.38±1.22b |
| 猪源植物乳植杆菌+杜仲叶多糖S.L. plantarum+ELP | 18.10±0.74a | 17.33±0.55a | 21.45±0.88a |
2.4 抑菌活性物质基础的推测
2.4.1 温度对共发酵产物抑菌活性的影响
表6 不同温度下S.L. plantarum与ELP共发酵产物的抑菌效果Table 6 Antibacterial effects of co-fermentation products of S.L. plantarum and ELP at different temperatures mm |
| 温度 Temperature/℃ | 平均抑菌圈直径Mean inhibition zone diameter | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 大肠埃希氏菌E. coli | 金黄色葡萄球菌S. aureus | 豕链球菌S. porcinus | |
| 50 | 18.90±0.82 | 17.35±0.72 | 16.53±0.50 |
| 60 | 18.70±0.82 | 16.97±0.90 | 17.08±1.05 |
| 70 | 18.80±0.48 | 17.00±1.81 | 16.87±0.47 |
| 80 | 18.00±0.38 | 16.69±1.00 | 14.69±1.02 |
| 90 | 17.30±0.71 | 16.88±0.92 | 16.29±0.36 |
| 100 | 17.56±0.49 | 16.88±0.97 | 17.21±1.02 |
2.4.2 pH对共发酵产物抑菌活性的影响
表7 不同pH下S.L. plantarum与ELP共发酵产物的抑菌效果Table 7 Antibacterial effects of co-fermentation products of S.L. plantarum and ELP under different pH mm |
| pH | 平均抑菌直径Mean inhibition zone diameter | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 大肠埃希氏菌E. coli | 金黄色葡萄球菌S. aureus | 豕链球菌S. porcinus | ||||||
| 猪源植物乳植杆 菌+杜仲叶多糖 S.L. plantarum+ ELP | 对照 Control | 猪源植物乳植杆 菌+杜仲叶多糖 S.L. plantarum+ ELP | 对照 Control | 猪源植物乳植杆 菌+杜仲叶多糖 S.L. plantarum+ ELP | 对照 Control | |||
| 2 | 18.20±1.91a | 16.50±1.81ab | 18.65±2.05a | 14.20±1.51b | 23.30±2.44a | 16.95±1.99bc | ||
| 3 | 19.90±2.03a | 16.05±1.75ab | 19.90±2.13a | 12.30±1.56b | 19.05±2.01ab | 14.35±1.54cd | ||
| 4 | 19.90±1.88a | 13.10±1.22b | 18.20±1.91a | 12.30±1.33b | 14.80±1.32cd | 11.05±1.43cd | ||
| 5 | 15.65±1.43ab | 8.50±0.98c | 14.40±1.54b | 8.50±0.91c | 11.90±1.21cd | 9.30±1.00d | ||
| ≥6 | 0.00±0.00d | 0.00±0.00d | 0.00±0.00d | 0.00±0.00d | 0.00±0.00e | 0.00±0.00e | ||
同一种细菌肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
In the same bacterial species, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05). |
2.4.3 酶处理对共发酵产物抑菌活性的影响
表8 不同胃蛋白酶浓度下S.L. plantarum与ELP共发酵产物的抑菌效果Table 8 Antibacterial effects of co-fermentation products of S.L. plantarum and ELP under different pepsin concentrations mm |
| 胃蛋白酶浓度 Pepsin concentration/(U/mL) | 平均抑菌圈直径Mean inhibition zone diameter | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 大肠埃希氏菌E. coli | 金黄色葡萄球菌S. aureus | 豕链球菌S. porcinus | |
| 0 | 18.00±0.14a | 16.80±0.57a | 20.80±0.42a |
| 100 | 15.10±0.14b | 15.05±0.21ab | 15.65±0.64b |
| 200 | 12.30±0.57c | 12.90±0.71b | 13.30±0.28c |
2.5 共发酵液对人工胃肠液的耐受性
表9 S.L. plantarum与ELP共发酵对人工胃肠液的耐受性Table 9 Tolerance to artificial gastrointestinal fluid of S.L. plantarum and ELP co-fermentation ×108 CFU/mL |
| 时间 Time/h | 活菌数Number of viable bacteria | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 人工胃液Artificial gastric fluid | 人工小肠液Artificial intestinal fluid | ||||
| 猪源植物乳植杆菌+ 杜仲叶多糖 S.L. plantarum+ELP | 猪源植物乳植杆菌 S.L. plantarum | 猪源植物乳植杆菌+ 杜仲叶多糖 S.L. plantarum+ELP | 猪源植物乳植杆菌 S.L. plantarum | ||
| 1 | 0.86±0.01a | 0.00±0.00b | 17.50±2.05a | 14.00±1.66b | |
| 2 | 0.43±0.05a | 0.00±0.00b | 16.40±1.89a | 12.00±1.02b | |
| 3 | 0.10±0.05a | 0.00±0.00b | 16.10±1.56a | 10.00±0.66b | |
人工胃液数据肩标无字母或相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05);人工小肠液与之相同。 | |
In the artificial gastric fluid, values with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05); the same as the artificial intestinal fluid. |
