1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
1.2 试验设计
1.3 测定指标及方法
1.3.1 发酵品质的测定
1.3.2 营养品质的测定
1.3.3 体外降解率的测定
1.4 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 小黑麦原料营养品质及体外降解率
2.2 不同添加剂对小黑麦青贮发酵品质的影响
表1 不同添加剂对小黑麦青贮发酵品质的影响Table 1 Effects of different additives on fermentation quality of triticale silage |
| 项目 Items | pH | 乳酸 LA/% DM | 乙酸 AA/% DM | 丙酸 PA/% DM | 丁酸 BA/% DM | 氨态氮 NH3-N/% TN | 费氏评分 Flieg’s score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 处理 Treatments | |||||||
| CK | 4.17±0.04a | 1.62±0.07c | 0.73±0.05 | 0.48±0.06c | ND | 2.69±0.02a | 80.99±2.36d |
| LP | 3.88±0.01c | 2.16±0.15abc | 1.38±0.09 | 0.82±0.07abc | ND | 2.43±0.01cd | 92.46±0.53c |
| LB | 4.07±0.04b | 1.68±0.15c | 1.01±0.09 | 0.58±0.12bc | ND | 2.58±0.05b | 83.68±1.83d |
| MOL | 3.78±0.03de | 3.04±0.21abc | 1.24±0.21 | 0.94±0.15ab | ND | 2.37±0.01cd | 98.66±1.24ab |
| LP+LB | 3.83±0.02cd | 2.02±0.12bc | 1.29±0.10 | 0.71±0.03bc | ND | 2.40±0.04cd | 95.18±0.97bc |
| MOL+LP | 3.71±0.01e | 2.98±0.33abc | 1.58±0.17 | 0.91±0.05abc | 0.25±0.25 | 2.42±0.05cd | 101.16±0.25a |
| MOL+LB | 3.81±0.01cd | 3.30±0.81ab | 1.50±0.40 | 0.96±0.15ab | ND | 2.48±0.01bc | 96.61±0.24b |
| MOL+LP+LB | 3.75±0.02de | 3.47±0.62a | 1.74±0.36 | 1.23±0.24a | ND | 2.34±0.06d | 99.22±0.99ab |
| 均值标准误 SEM | 0.058 | 0.263 | 0.114 | 0.084 | 0.002 | 0.041 | 0.260 |
| P值 P-value | <0.001 | 0.034 | 0.141 | 0.035 | 0.340 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
CK:对照;LP:植物乳杆菌;LB:布氏乳杆菌;MOL:糖蜜。同列数据肩标相同字母或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。表2和表3同。 ND:未检出 not detected。 | |
CK: control; LP: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; LB: Lactiplantibacillus buchneri; MOL: molasses. In the same column, values with the same letter or no letter superscripts indicated no significant difference (P>0.05), while with different letter superscripts indicated significant difference (P<0.05). The same as Table 2 and Table 3. |
2.3 不同添加剂对小黑麦青贮营养品质的影响
表2 不同添加剂对小黑麦青贮营养品质的影响Table 2 Effects of different additives on nutrient quality of triticale silage |
| 项目 Items | 干物质 DM/% FM | 粗蛋白质 CP/% DM | 中性洗 涤纤维 NDF/% DM | 酸性洗 涤纤维 ADF/% DM | 半纤维素 HC/% DM | 可溶性碳 水化合物 WSC/% DM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 处理 Treatments | ||||||
| CK | 21.46±0.48bc | 11.00±0.07d | 61.69±0.98a | 37.62±0.61a | 24.07±0.45a | 0.50±0.05 |
| LP | 21.26±0.09cd | 12.19±0.03ab | 60.12±0.50ab | 36.71±0.34ab | 23.41±0.19ab | 0.64±0.04 |
| LB | 20.81±0.08d | 11.47±0.21cd | 62.04±0.52a | 37.86±0.37a | 24.19±0.17a | 0.54±0.04 |
| MOL | 22.36±0.02a | 12.52±0.07ab | 56.92±0.66d | 34.36±0.26c | 22.57±0.48b | 0.40±0.08 |
| LP+LB | 21.76±0.11abc | 12.35±0.19ab | 59.47±0.55bc | 36.28±0.36ab | 23.19±0.36ab | 0.56±0.04 |
| MOL+LP | 22.21±0.14a | 12.28±0.22ab | 57.97±0.84cd | 35.54±0.91bc | 22.43±0.09b | 0.55±0.15 |
| MOL+LB | 22.00±0.15ab | 11.97±0.06bc | 58.10±0.15cd | 35.49±0.05bc | 22.62±0.14b | 0.27±0.01 |
| MOL+LP+LB | 22.18±0.23a | 12.70±0.34a | 57.83±0.27cd | 35.10±0.26bc | 22.73±0.50b | 0.54±0.15 |
| 均值标准误 SEM | 0.191 | 0.200 | 0.667 | 0.433 | 0.243 | 0.041 |
| P值 P-value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.011 | 0.156 |
2.4 不同添加剂对小黑麦青贮体外降解率的影响
表3 不同添加剂对小黑麦青贮体外降解率的影响Table 3 Effects of different additives on in vitro degradation rate of triticale silage% |
| 项目 Items | 体外干物质降解率 IVDMD | 体外中性洗涤纤维降解率 IVNDFD | 体外粗蛋白质降解率 IVCPD |
|---|---|---|---|
| 处理 Treatments | |||
| CK | 34.54±1.11c | 40.92±1.90b | 70.02±0.47 |
| LP | 36.70±0.23bc | 44.38±0.66b | 72.56±0.36 |
| LB | 34.93±0.71c | 43.01±0.75b | 71.51±1.47 |
| MOL | 39.27±0.43ab | 46.46±1.41ab | 70.13±1.78 |
| LP+LB | 36.06±0.17bc | 42.26±0.90b | 72.59±1.00 |
| MOL+LP | 38.85±0.84ab | 45.68±0.84ab | 71.84±1.84 |
| MOL+LB | 38.88±0.09ab | 46.14±0.05ab | 71.70±1.67 |
| MOL+LP+LB | 41.49±2.97a | 50.75±4.61a | 70.29±0.81 |
| 均值标准误 SEM | 0.853 | 1.081 | 0.373 |
| P值 P-value | 0.006 | 0.042 | 0.743 |
2.5 不同添加剂小黑麦青贮主成分分析
表4 特征值及贡献率Table 4 Eigenvalue and contribution proportion |
| 主成分 Principal components | 特征值 Eigenvalue | 贡献率 Contribution rate/% | 累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| P1 | 7.90 | 52.67 | 52.67 |
| P2 | 1.76 | 11.72 | 64.39 |
| P3 | 1.51 | 10.04 | 74.42 |
| P4 | 1.12 | 7.49 | 81.91 |
| P5 | 0.82 | 5.44 | 87.35 |
| P6 | 0.69 | 4.59 | 91.94 |
| P7 | 0.62 | 4.12 | 96.06 |
| P8 | 0.28 | 1.88 | 97.94 |
| P9 | 0.16 | 1.06 | 99.00 |
| P10 | 0.07 | 0.45 | 99.45 |
| P11 | 0.05 | 0.35 | 99.80 |
| P12 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 99.98 |
| P13 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 100.00 |
| P14 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| P15 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
表5 主成分得分系数Table 5 Principal component score coefficient |
| 项目 Items | 主成分 Principal components | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | |
| pH | -0.31 | -0.23 | -0.09 | 0.10 |
| 乳酸 LA | 0.30 | -0.26 | 0.16 | 0.24 |
| 乙酸 AA | 0.26 | -0.23 | 0.41 | 0.20 |
| 丙酸 PA | 0.28 | -0.20 | 0.32 | 0.20 |
| 丁酸 BA | -0.07 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.29 |
| 氨态氮 NH3-N | -0.30 | -0.15 | -0.24 | 0.29 |
| 干物质 DM | 0.26 | -0.21 | -0.04 | -0.25 |
| 粗蛋白质 CP | 0.30 | 0.12 | 0.25 | -0.30 |
| 中性洗涤纤维 NDF | -0.32 | -0.10 | 0.23 | 0.15 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF | -0.31 | -0.04 | 0.13 | 0.18 |
| 半纤维素 HC | -0.27 | -0.19 | 0.35 | 0.08 |
| 水溶性碳水化合物 WSC | -0.12 | 0.49 | 0.14 | -0.22 |
| 体外干物质降解率 IVDMD | 0.28 | 0.16 | -0.33 | 0.34 |
| 体外中性洗涤纤维降解率 IVNDFD | 0.24 | 0.15 | -0.29 | 0.49 |
| 体外粗蛋白质降解率 IVCPD | -0.01 | 0.51 | 0.22 | 0.25 |
表6 不同添加剂小黑麦青贮前4个主成分得分及综合得分Table 6 Top 4 principal component score and comprehensive score of triticale silage prepared with different additives |
| 处理 Treatments | 主成分 Principal components | 综合得分 Comprehensive score | 排名 Ranking | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | |||
| CK | -1.52 | -0.90 | -0.79 | -0.03 | -3.23 | 8 |
| LP | -0.27 | 0.68 | 0.70 | 0.00 | 1.12 | 2 |
| LB | -1.32 | 0.17 | 0.49 | 0.81 | 0.15 | 4 |
| LP+LB | -0.13 | 0.50 | 0.48 | -0.92 | -0.06 | 7 |
| MOL | 0.86 | -0.09 | -0.48 | -0.58 | -0.30 | 6 |
| MOL+LP | 0.65 | 0.41 | 0.11 | -0.16 | 1.01 | 3 |
| MOL+LB | 0.55 | -0.61 | -0.44 | 0.56 | 0.03 | 5 |
| MOL+LP+LB | 1.18 | -0.14 | -0.08 | 0.32 | 1.28 | 1 |
