1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料与设计
1.2 检测指标与方法
1.2.1 常规营养成分分析
1.2.2 发酵品质指标测定
1.2.3 有氧稳定性测定
1.2.4 微生物群落多样性和组成测定
1.3 数据统计及分析
2 结果与分析
2.1 饲料桑原料的特性
表1 饲料桑原料特性Table 1 Characteristics of feed mulberry raw materials |
| 项目 Items | 新鲜饲料桑 Fresh feed mulberry |
|---|---|
| pH | 6.64 |
| 干物质DM/% FW | 40.71 |
| 水溶性碳水化合物WSC/% DM | 10.86 |
| 粗蛋白质CP/% DM | 12.10 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF/% DM | 40.67 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF/% DM | 27.45 |
| 半纤维素Hemicellulose/% DM | 13.22 |
| 纤维素Cellulose/% DM | 19.66 |
| 木质素Lignin/% DM | 0.67 |
2.2 不同添加剂对饲料桑青贮60 d及有氧暴露过程中营养成分的影响
表2 不同添加剂对饲料桑青贮60 d及有氧暴露过程中营养成分的影响Table 2 Effects of different additives on nutrient composition of feed mulberry for 60 d of silage and during aerobic exposure |
| 项目 Items | 处理 Treatments | 有氧暴露时间Aerobic exposure time/d | SEM | P值P-value | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2 | 4 | 7 | T | D | T×D | |||||||||||||
干物质 DM/% FM | CK | 39.35Ab | 34.88Bb | 34.39Bc | 33.32Bc | 0.403 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| EDTA | 39.44Ab | 36.66Ba | 38.95Aa | 38.54Aa | |||||||||||||||
| LAB | 43.44Aa | 37.74Ba | 37.39Bb | 36.96Bb | |||||||||||||||
中性洗涤纤维 NDF/% DM | CK | 39.53Bb | 36.50Ba | 37.19Ba | 51.14Aa | 1.218 | 0.023 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| EDTA | 32.58Cc | 30.27Cb | 37.85Ba | 52.95Aa | |||||||||||||||
| LAB | 46.51Aa | 30.69Cb | 31.21Cb | 43.80Bb | |||||||||||||||
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF/% DM | CK | 29.49Bb | 25.66Ca | 26.06BCa | 36.71Aa | 0.902 | 0.007 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| EDTA | 23.89Cc | 20.83Db | 27.18Ba | 38.59Aa | |||||||||||||||
| LAB | 35.82Aa | 21.61Cb | 21.47Cb | 31.17Bb | |||||||||||||||
酸性洗涤木质素 ADL/% DM | CK | 5.13Ab | 3.71Ba | 3.91Ba | 5.10Ac | 0.187 | 0.002 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| EDTA | 3.65Cc | 2.96Db | 4.23Ba | 5.72Ab | |||||||||||||||
| LAB | 6.48Aa | 2.87Bb | 2.91Bb | 6.26Aa | |||||||||||||||
粗蛋白质 CP/% DM | CK | 12.62Bb | 13.56Aa | 13.62Aa | 12.45Ba | 0.184 | 0.661 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| EDTA | 13.65ABa | 14.22Aa | 13.54Ba | 10.42Cb | |||||||||||||||
| LAB | 11.72Bb | 13.82Aa | 13.83Aa | 11.95Bab | |||||||||||||||
水溶性碳水化合物 WSC/% DM | CK | 1.07Ab | 0.86Bc | 0.98ABc | 1.01ABb | 0.053 | <0.001 | 0.036 | 0.002 | ||||||||||
| EDTA | 1.07Bb | 1.24ABb | 1.30Ab | 1.21ABb | |||||||||||||||
| LAB | 1.46Ca | 1.91Aa | 1.78ABa | 1.57BCa | |||||||||||||||
同列数据肩标不同小写字母表示同一时间不同处理之间存在显著差异(P<0.05),同行数据肩标不同大写字母表示同一处理不同时间之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。D代表有氧暴露时间,T代表添加剂,T×D代表添加剂与有氧暴露时间的交互作用。表3同。 | |
Significant differences among different treatments on the same time are indicated by different lowercase letter superscripts (P<0.05), while those among different days in the same treatment are indicated by different uppercase letter superscripts (P<0.05). D stands for aerobic exposure time, T stands for additive, and T×D stands for the interaction effect between the additive and the aerobic exposure time. The same as Table 3. |
2.3 不同添加剂对饲料桑青贮60 d及有氧暴露过程中发酵品质的影响
表3 不同添加剂对饲料桑青贮60 d及有氧暴露过程中发酵品质的影响Table 3 Effects of different additives on fermentation quality of feed mulberry for 60 d of silage and during aerobic exposure |
| 项目 Items | 处理 Treatments | 有氧暴露时间Aerobic exposure time/d | SEM | P值P-value | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 2 | 4 | 7 | T | D | T×D | |||||||||||||
乳酸 LA/% DM | CK | 1.43Ac | 2.14Ab | 1.97Ac | 1.46Ac | 0.123 | <0.001 | 0.023 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
| EDTA | 2.38ABb | 2.20Bab | 2.74Ab | 2.83Ab | |||||||||||||||
| LAB | 3.03Ba | 2.91Ba | 3.40ABa | 3.91Aa | |||||||||||||||
乙酸 AA/% DM | CK | 0.24BCb | 0.64Aa | 0.39ABa | 0.09Cb | 0.021 | 0.909 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| EDTA | 0.46Aa | 0.36Bb | 0.36Ba | 0.24Ca | |||||||||||||||
| LAB | 0.39Aab | 0.35ABb | 0.34ABa | 0.28Ba | |||||||||||||||
丁酸 BA/% DM | CK | ND | ND | ND | 0.04Aab | 0.009 | 0.079 | 0.001 | 0.002 | ||||||||||
| EDTA | ND | ND | 0.04Aa | ND | |||||||||||||||
| LAB | ND | ND | ND | 0.17Aa | |||||||||||||||
丙酸 PA/% DM | CK | ND | ND | ND | ND | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||
| EDTA | ND | ND | ND | ND | |||||||||||||||
| LAB | ND | ND | ND | ND | |||||||||||||||
氨态氮/总氮 NH3-N/TN/% | CK | 1.78Aa | 2.14Aa | 1.83Aa | 2.32Aa | 0.082 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.776 | ||||||||||
| EDTA | 1.79Ba | 1.90Ba | 1.75Ba | 2.43Aa | |||||||||||||||
| LAB | 0.92Bb | 0.91Bb | 0.95Bb | 1.44Ab | |||||||||||||||
pH | CK | 4.58Ba | 4.64Ba | 4.73Ba | 6.11Aa | 0.068 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| EDTA | 4.61Ba | 4.67Ba | 4.72Ba | 4.96Ab | |||||||||||||||
| LAB | 4.18Cb | 4.21Cb | 4.31Bb | 4.50Ac | |||||||||||||||
ND代表未检测到,-代表无此项。 | |
ND stands for undetected, and - stands no such item. |
2.4 不同添加剂对饲料桑青贮有氧稳定性的影响
2.5 不同添加剂对饲料桑青贮中微生物群落结构的影响
2.5.1 饲料桑青贮中微生物群落α多样性分析
表4 饲料桑青贮60 d及有氧暴露7 d时细菌群落α多样性分析Table 4 Analysis of bacterial community α diversity in feed mulberry for 60 d of silage and 7 d of aerobic exposure |
| 项目 Items | 处理 Treaments | 观测到的物种数 Observed species number | 覆盖度 Coverage | 香农指数 Shannon index | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | Ace指数 Ace index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鲜样Fresh sample | 45 | 0.96 | 4.44 | 46.55 | 49.78 | |
青贮60 d Silage for 60 d | CK | 14 | 0.98 | 2.10 | 16.10 | 16.49 |
| EDTA | 18 | 0.98 | 2.32 | 19.69 | 21.71 | |
| LAB | 11 | 0.99 | 2.18 | 12.36 | 13.33 | |
有氧暴露7 d Aerobic exposure for 7 d | CK | 15 | 0.99 | 2.06 | 15.26 | 15.89 |
| EDTA | 14 | 0.99 | 2.33 | 15.31 | 16.53 | |
| LAB | 8 | 0.99 | 1.75 | 8.46 | 10.31 | |
表5 饲料桑青贮60 d及有氧暴露7 d时真菌群落α多样性分析Table 5 Analysis of fungal community α diversity in feed mulberry for 60 d of silage and 7 d of aerobic exposure |
| 项目 Items | 处理 Treaments | 观测到的物种数 Observed species number | 覆盖度 Coverage | 香农指数 Shannon index | 辛普森指数 Simpson index | Chao1指数 Chao1 index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鲜样Fresh sample | 433.25 | 0.99 | 3.71 | 0.77 | 441.94 | |
青贮60 d Silage for 60 d | CK | 292.00 | 0.99 | 4.83 | 0.90 | 330.50 |
| EDTA | 326.50 | 0.99 | 5.41 | 0.93 | 331.93 | |
| LAB | 418.50 | 0.99 | 4.46 | 0.84 | 426.22 | |
有氧暴露7 d Aerobic exposure for 7 d | CK | 21.50 | 0.99 | 2.26 | 0.70 | 20.40 |
| EDTA | 69.00 | 1.00 | 1.81 | 0.60 | 73.28 | |
| LAB | 31.75 | 0.99 | 1.83 | 0.63 | 34.72 | |
2.5.2 饲料桑青贮中微生物群落结构和组成分析
图4 饲料桑青贮60 d及有氧暴露7 d时细菌群落的组成F:鲜样;LAB60:LAB处理青贮60 d;EDTA60:EDTA处理青贮60 d;CK60:CK处理青贮60 d;LAB7:LAB处理有氧暴露7 d;EDTA7:EDTA处理有氧暴露7 d;CK7:CK处理有氧暴露7 d。图5同。 Fig.4 Composition of bacterial community in forage mulberry for 60 d of silage and 7 d of aerobic exposure F: fresh sample; LAB60: silage for 60 d of LAB treatment; EDTA60: silage for 60 d of EDTA treatment; CK60: silage for 60 d of CK treatment; LAB7: aerobic exposure for 7 d of LAB treatment; EDTA7: aerobic exposure for 7 d of EDTA treatment; CK7: aerobic exposure for 7 d of CK treatment. The same as Fig.5. |
