1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
表1 桑枝常规营养成分含量(风干基础)Table 1 Common nutrient contents of mulberry branch (air-dry basis) % |
| 项目Items | 含量Content |
|---|---|
| 干物质DM | 91.12 |
| 粗蛋白质CP | 6.20 |
| 粗灰分Ash | 11.88 |
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 57.01 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 16.86 |
| 粗脂肪EE | 2.44 |
| 钙Ca | 2.17 |
| 磷P | 0.44 |
营养成分含量均为实测值。 | |
Nutrient contents were measured values. |
1.2 试验设计
表2 各组处理情况Table 2 Treatment information in each group |
| 组别 Groups | 处理 Treatments | 酶或菌添加量 Additive amounts of enzymes or bacteria |
|---|---|---|
| CON | 桑枝 | |
| ME | 复合酶+桑枝 | 1 g/kg纤维素酶+3 g/kg木聚糖酶+1.4 g/kg β-葡聚糖酶+ 0.17 g/kg果胶酶+1 g/kg漆酶 |
| MB | 植物乳杆菌+桑枝 | 1 g/kg(106 CFU/g DM)植物乳杆菌 |
| MEB | 复合酶+植物乳杆菌+桑枝 | 1 g/kg纤维素酶+3 g/kg木聚糖酶+1.4 g/kg β-葡聚糖酶+0.17 g/kg 果胶酶+1 g/kg漆酶+1 g/kg(106 CFU/g DM)植物乳杆菌 |
1.3 试验方法
1.3.1 青贮制作
1.3.2 营养成分含量测定
1.3.3 体外发酵试验
表3 饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)Table 3 Composition and nutrient levels of the diet (air-dry basis) % |
| 原料Ingredients | 含量Content | 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | 含量Content | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 玉米Corn | 42.0 | 干物质DM | 86.08 | |
| 玉米秸秆Corn straw | 20.0 | 粗蛋白质CP | 12.88 | |
| 柠条Caragana microphylla | 20.0 | 粗灰分Ash | 4.96 | |
| 麦麸Wheat bran | 8.0 | 中性洗涤纤维NDF | 39.69 | |
| 豆粕Soybean meal | 3.0 | 酸性洗涤纤维ADF | 23.92 | |
| 棉籽粕Cottonseed meal | 3.0 | 粗脂肪EE | 3.35 | |
| 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.0 | 钙Ca | 1.31 | |
| 食盐NaCl | 1.0 | 磷P | 0.56 | |
| 预混料Premix1) | 1.0 | |||
| 石粉Limestone | 1.0 | |||
| 合计Total | 100.0 |
1)每千克预混料含有 One kilogram of the premix contained the following:VA 800 000 IU,VD 130 000 IU,VE 6 000 IU,Fe (as ferrous sulfate) 3 340 mg,Zn (as zinc sulfate) 6 130 mg,Cu (as copper sulfate) 800 mg,Mn (as manganese sulfate) 2 510 mg,I (as potassium iodide) 146 mg,Se (as sodium selenite) 44 mg,Co 55 mg。 |
1.3.4 CNCPS组分分析
1.3.5 尼龙袋试验
1.4 数据统计分析
2 结果
2.1 复合酶和植物乳杆菌对桑枝青贮营养成分含量和pH的影响
表4 复合酶和植物乳杆菌对桑枝青贮营养成分含量和pH的影响(风干基础)Table 4 Effects of complex enzymes and Lactobacillus plantarum on nutrient contents and pH of mulberry branch silage (air-dry basis) |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | ME | MB | MEB | ||||||||||
| 干物质(鲜样基础) DM (fresh sample basis)/% | 29.72b | 30.38a | 33.31a | 34.88a | 0.799 | <0.001 | |||||||
| 粗蛋白质CP/% | 7.25c | 7.42c | 8.46b | 9.40a | 0.262 | <0.001 | |||||||
| 粗脂肪EE/% | 1.98a | 2.19a | 1.04b | 0.95b | 0.173 | 0.002 | |||||||
| 中性洗涤纤维NDF/% | 54.83a | 49.07b | 44.90c | 42.31d | 1.450 | <0.001 | |||||||
| 酸性洗涤纤维ADF/% | 33.35a | 31.14a | 27.34b | 25.43b | 1.004 | 0.001 | |||||||
| 酸性洗涤木质素ADL/% | 12.52a | 10.83ab | 10.15b | 9.19b | 0.432 | 0.014 | |||||||
| 粗灰分Ash/% | 11.46 | 11.66 | 11.53 | 11.75 | 0.184 | 0.160 | |||||||
| pH | 4.49a | 4.33b | 4.24c | 4.17c | 0.046 | 0.001 | |||||||
同行数据肩标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下表同。 | |
The data in the same row with different letter superscripts indicated significant differences (P<0.05). The same as below. |
2.2 复合酶和植物乳杆菌对桑枝青贮体外发酵产气量和发酵参数的影响
表5 复合酶和植物乳杆菌对桑枝青贮体外发酵产气量的影响Table 5 Effects of complex enzymes and Lactobacillus plantarum on gas production in vitro fermentation of mulberry branch silage mL/g DM |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | ME | MB | MEB | |||
| 0 h | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 2 h | 27.22c | 34.27b | 27.77c | 36.87a | 1.576 | <0.001 |
| 4 h | 44.92c | 52.33b | 42.07c | 56.05a | 2.135 | 0.001 |
| 8 h | 68.07c | 71.44b | 61.26d | 75.49a | 1.993 | 0.001 |
| 12 h | 78.75b | 79.33ab | 73.22c | 82.30a | 1.275 | 0.006 |
| 24 h | 81.12c | 83.87b | 84.32b | 86.71a | 0.774 | 0.007 |
| 36 h | 81.20c | 83.89b | 84.45b | 87.22a | 0.815 | 0.001 |
| 48 h | 81.20c | 83.89b | 84.45b | 87.22a | 0.815 | 0.001 |
36 h时产气基本完全,再往后未检测到气体产出。 | |
The gas production was basically complete at 36 h, and no gas output was detected thereafter. |
表6 复合酶和植物乳杆菌对桑枝青贮体外发酵参数的影响Table 6 Effects of complex enzymes and Lactobacillus plantarum on in vitro fermentation parameters of mulberry branch silage |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | ME | MB | MEB | |||
| pH | 5.46a | 5.38b | 5.27c | 5.13d | 0.047 | 0.001 |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸TVFA/(mg/g DM) | 134.3b | 144.7a | 146.1a | 146.4a | 1.90 | <0.001 |
| 乙酸Acetic acid/% | 55.84a | 54.06b | 53.81b | 54.33b | 0.311 | 0.015 |
| 丙酸Propionic acid/% | 26.49 | 26.91 | 27.37 | 27.40 | 0.176 | 0.220 |
| 丁酸Butyric acid/% | 11.52 | 11.98 | 11.69 | 11.98 | 0.082 | 0.068 |
| 戊酸Valeric acid/% | 4.24d | 5.07a | 4.94b | 4.50c | 0.127 | <0.001 |
| 异丁酸Isobutyric acid/% | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0.64 | 0.43 | 0.041 | 0.336 |
| 异戊酸Isovaleric acid/% | 1.42c | 1.50b | 1.57a | 1.37d | 0.029 | <0.001 |
| 乙酸/丙酸Acetic acid/propionic acid | 2.11 | 2.01 | 1.97 | 1.98 | 0.024 | 0.103 |
2.3 复合酶和植物乳杆菌对桑枝青贮CNCPS组分的影响
表7 复合酶和植物乳杆菌对桑枝青贮CNCPS CHO组分的影响Table 7 Effects of complex enzymes and Lactobacillus plantarum on CNCPS CHO fractions of mulberry branch silage % DM |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | ME | MB | MEB | |||
| CHO | 73.66 | 74.26 | 75.35 | 72.66 | 0.465 | 0.230 |
| CC | 16.79a | 12.61b | 11.03b | 9.13c | 1.081 | 0.001 |
| CB3 | 38.56a | 36.18b | 34.05c | 32.71d | 0.847 | 0.001 |
| NFC | 18.31c | 25.47c | 30.27b | 30.82a | 1.921 | 0.001 |
| CB2 | 1.27c | 7.86b | 12.17a | 13.43a | 1.823 | 0.002 |
| CB1 | 5.40a | 5.30a | 4.67b | 4.59b | 0.141 | 0.006 |
CHO:碳水化合物 carbohydrate;CC:不可利用CHO组分 unavailable CHO fractions;CB3:可利用NDF available NDF;NFC:非纤维性碳水化合物 non-fibrous carbohydrate;CB2:可溶性纤维 soluble fiber;CB1:淀粉 starch。 |
表8 复合酶和植物乳杆菌对桑枝青贮CNCPS蛋白质组分的影响Table 8 Effects of complex enzymes and Lactobacillus plantarum on CNCPS protein fractions of mulberry branch silage % DM |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | ME | MB | MEB | |||
| PA1 | 12.45 | 12.32 | 11.27 | 11.14 | 0.272 | 0.173 |
| PA2 | 0.47b | 0.32b | 0.66b | 2.47a | 0.357 | 0.042 |
| PB1 | 9.47b | 9.09b | 13.45a | 14.86a | 0.998 | 0.022 |
| PB2 | 5.61ab | 5.01b | 6.31a | 5.97a | 0.194 | 0.028 |
| PC | 4.37 | 4.31 | 4.29 | 4.24 | 0.055 | 0.913 |
PA1:氨 ammonia;PA2:可溶性真蛋白质 soluble true protein;PB1:中等可降解蛋白质 moderately degradable protein;PB2:结合在NDF中的慢速可降解蛋白质 slowly degradable protein, bound in NDF;PC:难以消化的蛋白质 indigestible protein。 |
2.4 复合酶和植物乳杆菌对桑枝青贮瘤胃降解特性的影响
表9 复合酶和植物乳杆菌对桑枝青贮DM瘤胃降解率及降解参数的影响(风干基础)Table 9 Effects of complex enzymes and Lactobacillus plantarum on DM rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of mulberry branch silage (air-dry basis) |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | ME | MB | MEB | |||
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | ||||||
| 6 h | 23.09c | 28.75b | 30.19a | 28.56b | 0.949 | <0.001 |
| 12 h | 26.55c | 36.99a | 33.71b | 31.55b | 0.859 | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 35.99c | 43.09b | 42.26b | 48.78a | 1.442 | <0.001 |
| 36 h | 37.72c | 48.06b | 49.03b | 55.52a | 1.482 | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 40.53c | 51.33b | 53.67ab | 57.99a | 1.509 | <0.001 |
| 72 h | 43.03b | 53.46a | 54.88a | 59.04a | 1.646 | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | ||||||
| a/% | 15.24c | 21.18b | 22.27a | 13.73d | 1.514 | <0.001 |
| b/% | 29.66b | 33.27b | 36.54b | 47.87a | 2.624 | 0.035 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.004 | 0.089 |
| ED/% | 44.67b | 54.23a | 58.50a | 61.31a | 2.803 | 0.010 |
a为快速降解部分,b为慢速降解部分,c为慢速降解部分的降解速率,ED为有效降解率。下表同。 | |
a was rapid degradation part, b was slow degradation part, c was degradation rate of slow degradation part, and ED was effective degradation rate. The same as below. |
表10 复合酶和植物乳杆菌对桑枝青贮CP瘤胃降解率及降解参数的影响(风干基础)Table 10 Effects of complex enzymes and Lactobacillus plantarum on CP rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of mulberry branch silage (air-dry basis) |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | ME | MB | MEB | |||
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | ||||||
| 6 h | 26.49b | 30.86b | 29.90b | 39.90a | 1.635 | 0.002 |
| 12 h | 35.10c | 38.87b | 39.58b | 50.08a | 1.715 | <0.001 |
| 24 h | 40.75c | 43.89bc | 48.41b | 54.66a | 1.653 | <0.001 |
| 36 h | 43.03c | 49.68b | 56.92a | 59.46a | 2.025 | <0.001 |
| 48 h | 47.26d | 51.22c | 57.40b | 63.70a | 1.928 | <0.001 |
| 72 h | 50.72c | 53.32b | 63.25a | 64.86a | 1.982 | <0.001 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | ||||||
| a/% | 18.05 | 22.02 | 19.93 | 33.03 | 2.442 | 0.106 |
| b/% | 34.82b | 31.82b | 44.28a | 33.06b | 1.844 | 0.034 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.006 | 0.435 |
| ED/% | 42.62b | 42.53b | 46.21b | 53.35a | 1.572 | 0.007 |
表11 复合酶和植物乳杆菌对桑枝青贮NDF瘤胃降解率及降解参数的影响(风干基础)Table 11 Effects of complex enzymes and Lactobacillus plantarum on NDF rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of mulberry branch silage (air-dry basis) |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | ME | MB | MEB | |||
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | ||||||
| 6 h | 11.89 | 13.37 | 10.56 | 14.41 | 0.465 | 0.230 |
| 12 h | 14.11 | 19.03 | 16.44 | 18.93 | 0.547 | 0.078 |
| 24 h | 18.15c | 23.79a | 20.81b | 21.57ab | 0.452 | 0.003 |
| 36 h | 20.33b | 27.52a | 25.47a | 24.48a | 0.613 | 0.010 |
| 48 h | 21.86b | 29.12a | 28.31a | 29.67a | 0.684 | 0.001 |
| 72 h | 23.19b | 29.73a | 28.89a | 31.69a | 0.402 | 0.024 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | ||||||
| a/% | 6.57a | 4.13ab | 2.89b | 7.27a | 0.690 | 0.003 |
| b/% | 15.41 | 16.10 | 17.15 | 16.77 | 0.477 | 0.265 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.02b | 0.06a | 0.05a | 0.03b | 0.006 | <0.001 |
| ED/% | 19.32 | 19.34 | 18.87 | 22.07 | 0.560 | 0.050 |
表12 复合酶和植物乳杆菌对桑枝青贮ADF瘤胃降解率及降解参数的影响(风干基础)Table 12 Effects of complex enzymes and Lactobacillus plantarum on ADF rumen degradation rate and degradation parameters of mulberry branch silage (air-dry basis) |
| 项目 Items | 组别Groups | 均值标准误 SEM | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | ME | MB | MEB | |||
| 瘤胃降解率Rumen degradation rate/% | ||||||
| 6 h | 7.28 | 6.84 | 8.53 | 10.02 | 0.595 | 0.653 |
| 12 h | 10.67 | 11.81 | 11.44 | 10.56 | 0.499 | 0.943 |
| 24 h | 14.59 | 15.10 | 17.47 | 17.11 | 0.460 | 0.401 |
| 36 h | 16.51 | 17.35 | 18.59 | 19.19 | 0.379 | 0.375 |
| 48 h | 19.27 | 19.94 | 20.03 | 22.86 | 0.465 | 0.292 |
| 72 h | 20.29 | 21.44 | 19.81 | 24.05 | 0.579 | 0.087 |
| 瘤胃降解参数Rumen degradation parameters | ||||||
| a/% | 3.31 | 3.06 | 3.14 | 4.07 | 0.494 | 0.871 |
| b/% | 12.14b | 12.31b | 14.42b | 17.72a | 0.428 | 0.005 |
| c/(%/h) | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.004 | 0.229 |
| ED/% | 14.31c | 14.40c | 16.05b | 19.03a | 0.508 | 0.042 |
